大大大吉CQ
简单句就是 疑问词+to+do例如:I don't know what to do 我不知道做什么 复合句就是从句啦例如:I don't know what I should do 我不知道做什么并列句嘛,就是and,but之类的了例如:I don't know what we should do but he know what we should do 我不知道我们该干什么,但是他知道and表示并列,but表示转折~~呃.你最好问问老师,毕竟我也不是专业人士 还有啊,要想学好先学学从句吧,定语从句,宾语从句,条件状语从句.蛮多的,学会了你写文章就会很有文采了。
并列句是由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。
两个简单句常由并列连接词连在一起;但有时不用连接词,只在两个简单句之间用一逗号或分号。常见的并列句: (1) 用来连接两个并列概念的连接词有and , not only…but also…, neither…nor…等,and所连接的前后分句往往表示先后关系、递进关系。
前后分句的时态往往保持一致关系,若第一个分句是祈使句,那么第二个分句用将来时。 (2) 表示在两者之间选择一个, 常用的连接词有or,otherwise,or else,either…or…等,前后分句的时态往往保持一致关系,若第一个分句是祈使句,那么第二个分句用将来时。
(3) 表明两个概念彼此有矛盾、相反或者转折, 常用的连接词有but,yet,still ,however等,前后分句时态一致。 (4) 说明原因, 用连接词for ,前后分句时态一致。
(5) 表示结果,用连接词so, 前后分句时态一致。 ================= 主从复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。
主句为句子的主体,从句只用作句子的一个次要成分,不能独立成为一个句子。从句通常由关联词引导,并由关联词将从句和主句联系在一起。
While the grandparents love the children, they are strict with them.(爷爷奶奶们很爱孩子,同时对他们也严格要求。) / It seemed as if the meeting would never end.(看起来会议没完没了。)
/ Hurry up, or (else) you'll be late.(快点, 要不然就来不及了。) / However I cook eggs, the child still refuses to eat them.(不管我用什么方法煮鸡蛋,小孩还是不肯吃。)
2、分类: 从句按其在复合句中的作用,分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、定语从句和状语从句等。(参见以下各条) 3、各从句在句子中的位置以及用法: (1) 表语从句:在句子中作连系动词的表语的从句,它位于主句中的系动词之后。
例如:That is why he did not e to school yesterday. / It is because you are so clever. (2) 宾语从句:在句子中作及物动词或介词的宾语。 ①基本形式:(主句+)连词+从句主语+从句谓语+。
② 关于宾语从句连词的选择: 若从句来源于一个陈述句,那么,连词用that,在口语中that可以省略; 若从句来源于一个一般疑问句,连词则用if 或whether; 若从句来源于一个特殊疑问句,则连词就是疑问词(如what,who,where,when等) 例如:They believe that the puter will finally take the place of human beings.(他们相信计算机终将代替人类。) (从句本来就是陈述句)/ I wonder whether I should say something for him to the headmaster. (我不知道是不是该为他在校长跟前说点什么。)
(从句来源于一般问句Shall I say something for him to the headmaster?) / He asked me where he could get such medicine. (他问我在哪儿能搞到那样的药。) (从句来源于特殊问句Where can he get such medicine? ) ③ 宾语从句的时态问题:如果主句是现在时,从句则用现在某一时态,甚至可以用过去时; 如主句是过去时,从句则相应地使用过去某一时态,遇到客观真理时仍然用现在时。
如:I think I will do better in English this term. (我想本学期我的英语会学得好点。) / The teacher asked the boy if the earth is round. (老师问那个男孩地球是不是圆的。)
④ 下列结构后面的从句一般也作为宾语从句看待: be sorry / afraid / sure / glad +that从句,如:I'm sorry I'm late. (对不起,我迟到了。) / I'm afraid he isn't in at the moment. (恐怕他此刻不在家。)
(3) 状语从句:在复合句中作状语,其位置可以在主句前或主句后。状语从句可以分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、比较、让步、条件等几种。
状语从句由从属连接词引导。 时间状语从句通常由when ,as ,while, after, before, since, as soon as ,since, till (until), while, whenever 等引导。
时间状语从句一般放在句首或句尾,特别注意,时间状语从句不允许使用将来时,而应该用现在时替代。如: When you finish the work, you may go out to play with Sam. (你完成工作就可以出去和Jim一起玩了。)
/ I won't leave until Mum es back. (妈妈回来了我才会走。) 地点状语从句通常由 where, wherever等引导。
如:Go back where you came from! (哪里来还滚到哪里去!) / I will never fet to catch the thief who stole my necklace wherever he may be. (我永远也不会忘记去抓住那个偷我项链的贼,无论他会在哪里。) 原因状语从句通常由because, since, as等引导,一般放在句首或句尾。
如:He went abroad because his father had found a good university for him. (他出国了,因为他父亲给他找了一所好大学。) 目的状语从句通常由so that。
, so。hat。
, in order that。 等引导,往往放在句尾,从句中通常含有can / could / may / might等情态动词。
如:He got up earlier so that he could catch the first train. (他起身更早为的是赶上第一班车。) 结果状语从句通常由 so that。
, so。that。
等引导,放在句尾。结果状语从句一般表示已经发生的事情,故多为过去时态。
如:He lost so many bikes that he decided never to buy a new one. (他丢了那么多辆自行车,他决定再也不买。
My Friend
Sally is my best friend. She is a girl. Both of us are good at English, so we often talk in English in our spare time. After school, we often do homework together. When we are playing, she runs so fast that I cannot catch up with her. She is an excellent student. She likes pop and classical music. Her dream is to bee a teacher. I love my friend Sally.
翻译:
我的朋友
沙莉是我最好的朋友。她是一个女孩。我们俩都擅长英语,因此我们经常在业余时间用英语对话。放学后,我们经常在一起做作业。当我们一起玩耍时,她跑得很快,我追不上她。她是一位优秀的学生。她喜欢流行音乐和古典音乐。她的梦想是成为一名老师。我爱我的朋友莎莉。
I have a happy family.There are three people in my family and of course I am the only child of the family.My parents are both doctors and they work hard every day.On weekend they often take me to the parks.Sometimes we play table tennis together.My father likes music but my mother likes watching TV.I like watching movies and listening to light music.Both my parents and I like doing housework.I usually wash the dishes.My parents usually cook meals together.They are good at cooking.Sometimes we go out for dinner.My parents like me very much and I like them,too.
我有一个幸福的家庭。我家有三口人,当然,我是家里唯一的孩子。我的父母都是医生,他们每天都在努力工作。他们经常在周末带我去公园。有时我们一起打乒乓球。我爸爸喜欢音乐,但是我的妈妈喜欢看电视。我喜欢看电影和听轻音乐。我的父母和我喜欢做家务。我经常洗盘子。我父母经常一起做饭吃饭。他们擅长烹饪。有时我们出去吃饭。我的父母很喜欢我,我喜欢他们,太。
简单句就是只有一套独立了句子结构咯…复合句就会有各种各样的从句,但是整体是一个句子,中心主句只有一个…并列句就是由连词(and等)连接的具有并列关系的两个句子,他们都有自己独立的主谓结构…这些东西的话,要靠积累,基础语法知识比较重要,推荐看下语法书籍…
比如说I am a student.就是一个简单句,然后“He is a kind man (who is always willing to help others).”就是一个复合句,括号内就是一个定语从句…至于并列句:“He is a student and he came from England.”,“and”连接了两个均完整的句子,两个句子就并列啦…>_
在平时的雅思写作中要多练习,英语的复合句一般分为三大类型:名词性从句、形容词性从句和副词性从句。
雅思写作复合句运用(一)名词性从句 在整个雅思写作复合句中起名词作用,充当主语、宾语、表语和同位语等的各种从句,统称为名词性从句。名词性从句主要有以下几种: 1. that引导的从句e.g. It is reported that one third of Guangzhou citizens plan to buy a private car. (据报道,三分之一的广州市民打算购买私家车。)
2. whether/if引导的从句e.g. Whether motorcycles should be banned in Guangzhou has bee an issue of controversy.(广州是否禁摩托车成了有争议的话题。) 3. how/why/when/where引导的从句e.g. This essay aims to explore why so many white collar workers suffer from insomnia. (本文将探讨为什么这么多白领失眠的原因。)
4. who/whom/whose/what/which引导的从句e.g. Who should be responsible for the environmental degradation is still unknown.(谁对环境恶化负责还不清楚。) 雅思写作复合句运用(二)形容词性从句 具有形容词功能,在雅思写作复合句中做定语的从句被称之为形容词性从句或定语从句。
被修饰的名词、词组或代词被称为先行词。形容词性从句分为两种类型: (1)由关系代词who, whom, whose, that, which, as引导的从句。
例如: People who are strongly against human cloning claim that it is immoral and uhical. (强烈反对克隆人的人们认为这样做不道德和不合伦理) (2)由关系副词when, where, why引导的从句。例如: I would like to *** yze the reasons why a growing number of teenagers are addicted to gambling.(我将分析为什么越来越多的青少年沉迷于赌博的原因。)
雅思写作复合句运用(三)副词性从句 副词性从句也称为状语从句,主要用来修饰主句或者主句的谓语。大致分为九大类,分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较和方式。
(1)时间状语从句e.g. When everyone is fully aware of the severity of fresh water scarcity and takes effective measures, I am convinced that we will tackle this problem constructively.(当每个人充分意识到淡水短缺的严重性,并采取有效措施,我相信我们一定能妥善解决好这个问题。) (2)地点状语从句e.g. Where there is *** oke, there is fire.(无风不起浪) (3)原因状语从句e.g. Pets should be forbidden because they may spread diseases and damage the cityscape.(应该禁止饲养宠物,因为它们可能会传播疾病和有损市容。)
(4)目的状语从句e.g. Old people should be encouraged to live in a nursing house so that they can enjoy professional care and first-rate facilities. (应当鼓励老人到敬老院居住,这样他们可以享受到专业的照料和一流的设施。) (5)结果状语从句e.g. Some government officials fail to recognize the potential hazards of improper waste disposal, so that the environment in some cities is deteriorating.(一些 *** 官员未能认识到垃圾处理不当带来的潜在危害,因此一些城市的环境不断恶化。)
(6)条件状语从句e.g. If we continue to overlook the increasing waste in Guangzhou, it is likely that Guangzhou will bee a huge landfill site sooner or later.(如果我们继续无视广州日益增多的垃圾,有可能不久的将来广州将成为巨大的垃圾填埋场。) (7)让步状语从句e.g. While I admit that *** oking has some side-effects, I still feel that it is ridiculous to ban *** oking in public places.(虽然我承认吸烟有副作用,我依e68a84e8a2ade799bee5baa631333363353765然觉得公共场所禁烟是荒唐的。)
(8)比较状语从句e.g. Red is o times as much as Blue.(红色是蓝色的两倍。) (9)方式状语从句e.g. Just as we protect less able human beings, so we should safeguard the welfare of other weaker species.(正如我们保护弱者一样,我们也应该保护弱势物种的福利。)
I have a happy family.There are three people in my family and of course I am the only child of the family.My parents are both doctors and they work hard every day.On weekend they often take me to the parks.Sometimes we play table tennis together.My father likes music but my mother likes watching TV.I like watching movies and listening to light music.Both my parents and I like doing housework.I usually wash the dishes.My parents usually cook meals together.They are good at cooking.Sometimes we go out for dinner.My parents like me very much and I like them,too.。
魅力人生
并列句是由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。两个简单句常由并列连接词连在一起;但有时不用连接词,只在两个简单句之间用一逗号或分号。常见的并列句: (1) 用来连接两个并列概念的连接词有and , not only…but also…, neither…nor…等,and所连接的前后分句往往表示先后关系、递进关系。前后分句的时态往往保持一致关系,若第一个分句是祈使句,那么第二个分句用将来时。 (2) 表示在两者之间选择一个, 常用的连接词有or,otherwise,or else,either…or…等,前后分句的时态往往保持一致关系,若第一个分句是祈使句,那么第二个分句用将来时。 (3) 表明两个概念彼此有矛盾、相反或者转折, 常用的连接词有but,yet,still ,however等,前后分句时态一致。 (4) 说明原因, 用连接词for ,前后分句时态一致。 (5) 表示结果,用连接词so, 前后分句时态一致。 =================主从复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句为句子的主体,从句只用作句子的一个次要成分,不能独立成为一个句子。从句通常由关联词引导,并由关联词将从句和主句联系在一起。While the grandparents love the children, they are strict with them.(爷爷奶奶们很爱孩子,同时对他们也严格要求。) / It seemed as if the meeting would never end.(看起来会议没完没了。) / Hurry up, or (else) you'll be late.(快点, 要不然就来不及了。) / However I cook eggs, the child still refuses to eat them.(不管我用什么方法煮鸡蛋,小孩还是不肯吃。) 2、分类: 从句按其在复合句中的作用,分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、定语从句和状语从句等。(参见以下各条) 3、各从句在句子中的位置以及用法: (1) 表语从句:在句子中作连系动词的表语的从句,它位于主句中的系动词之后。 例如:That is why he did not come to school yesterday. / It is because you are so clever. (2) 宾语从句:在句子中作及物动词或介词的宾语。 ①基本形式:(主句+)连词+从句主语+从句谓语+... ② 关于宾语从句连词的选择: 若从句来源于一个陈述句,那么,连词用that,在口语中that可以省略; 若从句来源于一个一般疑问句,连词则用if 或whether; 若从句来源于一个特殊疑问句,则连词就是疑问词(如what,who,where,when等) 例如:They believe that the computer will finally take the place of human beings.(他们相信计算机终将代替人类。) (从句本来就是陈述句)/ I wonder whether I should say something for him to the headmaster. (我不知道是不是该为他在校长跟前说点什么。) (从句来源于一般问句Shall I say something for him to the headmaster?) / He asked me where he could get such medicine. (他问我在哪儿能搞到那样的药。) (从句来源于特殊问句Where can he get such medicine? ) ③ 宾语从句的时态问题:如果主句是现在时,从句则用现在某一时态,甚至可以用过去时; 如主句是过去时,从句则相应地使用过去某一时态,遇到客观真理时仍然用现在时。如:I think I will do better in English this term. (我想本学期我的英语会学得好点。) / The teacher asked the boy if the earth is round. (老师问那个男孩地球是不是圆的。) ④ 下列结构后面的从句一般也作为宾语从句看待: be sorry / afraid / sure / glad +that从句,如:I’m sorry I’m late. (对不起,我迟到了。) / I’m afraid he isn’t in at the moment. (恐怕他此刻不在家。)(3) 状语从句:在复合句中作状语,其位置可以在主句前或主句后。状语从句可以分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、比较、让步、条件等几种。状语从句由从属连接词引导。 时间状语从句通常由when ,as ,while, after, before, since, as soon as ,since, till (until), while, whenever 等引导。时间状语从句一般放在句首或句尾,特别注意,时间状语从句不允许使用将来时,而应该用现在时替代。如: When you finish the work, you may go out to play with Sam. (你完成工作就可以出去和Jim一起玩了。) / I won’t leave until Mum comes back. (妈妈回来了我才会走。) 地点状语从句通常由 where, wherever等引导。如:Go back where you came from! (哪里来还滚到哪里去!) / I will never forget to catch the thief who stole my necklace wherever he may be. (我永远也不会忘记去抓住那个偷我项链的贼,无论他会在哪里。) 原因状语从句通常由because, since, as等引导,一般放在句首或句尾。如:He went abroad because his father had found a good university for him. (他出国了,因为他父亲给他找了一所好大学。) 目的状语从句通常由so that..., so...hat..., in order that... 等引导,往往放在句尾,从句中通常含有can / could / may / might等情态动词。如:He got up earlier so that he could catch the first train. (他起身更早为的是赶上第一班车。) 结果状语从句通常由 so that..., so...that... 等引导,放在句尾。结果状语从句一般表示已经发生的事情,故多为过去时态。如:He lost so many bikes that he decided never to buy a new one. (他丢了那么多辆自行车,他决定再也不买新车了。) 比较状语从句通常由as, than, as (so)...as等引导,一般省略从句的谓语部分,只剩下名词或代词(用主格或宾格均可)。如:Jane is much taller than I/me. (Jane比我高多了。) / I don’t have as many books as you (do). (我书没有你多) 让步状语从句通常由though (although), as, even if( even though), however, whatever等引导。如:Even if you pay the debt(债务) for me, I will not thank you because it has nothing to do with me. (即使你替我还了债我也不会感谢你,因为它与我毫无关系。) / He wears a T-shirt though it is very cold. (他穿了一件T恤衫,尽管天很冷。) 条件状语从句通常由if, unless, as long as等引导,条件状语从句一般放在句首或句尾,特别注意,时间状语从句不允许使用将来时,而应该用现在时替代。You will certainly fail in the coming final exams unless you work much harder. (即将来到的期末考试你肯定考不及格,除非你更用功。) / If it doesn’ t rain tomorrow, we shall go hiking. (如果明天不下雨我们就要去徒步旅行。) [注意] 1、because与so;(al)though与but;if与so不可以同在一个句子中成对出现。 2、时间、条件、原因,让步状语从句放在句首时需要用逗号与主句隔开。 (4) 定语从句:在复合句中作定语用修饰句子中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。 ① 定语从句的位置:放在名词或代词的后面。如:The man who has an umbrella in his hand is my uncle. (手上抓了一把雨伞的人是我的叔叔。) ② 语法术语的改变:被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词;引导定语从句的连接词称为关系词,其中that、which、who称为关系代词,where、when、how称为关系副词。 ③ 关系代词或关系副词的作用: 关系代词who、whom 和whose指人,分别在从句中作主语、宾语和定语。which指物that多指物, 有时也指人,它们在从句中可以作主语或宾语。定语从句中关系代词作从句宾语时可以省略。This is the thief (that/who/whom) we have been looking for these days. (这个就是我们近日一直在找的小偷。) / Please find a room which is big enough for all of us to live in. (请找一间足够大能住下我们全体的房间。) 关系副词when或where引导定语从句时,它们在从句中分别作时间状语和地点状语。如:This is the room where they had a quarrel a week ago. (这是一个星期前他们吵架的房间。) / I can never forget the day when I first saw you. (我永远不会忘记第一次见到你的日子。) ④ 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句在句中不能省略,否则主句意思就不完整。非限制性定语从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开,这种从句是一种附加说明,如果从句子中省去,也不致于影响主句的意思。如:She spent the whole evening talking about her latest book, which none of us had heard of. (她一个晚上都在谈论她最近的书,我们一个人都没有听说过那本书。) [注解] 1、关系代词只能用that的情况: 当先行词是指事物的不定代词(all, anything等),或先行词部分含有最高级,或含有序数词时,不能用其他的关系代词,只能用that. 如:All that Lily told me seems untrue. (Lily告诉我的话似乎不真实。) / Can you give me anything that has no sugar inside? (能不能给我点里面没有糖的东西?) / This is the first two-story bus that runs in our city. (这是第一辆运行于我市的双层公交车。) 2、关系代词在从句中作主语时一般用who(指人)、that(指物),而不用that指人或用which指物。 如:Do you know the woman who is weeping in the corner? (你认识那个在角落里哭泣的女人吗?) / Do not tell me any words that have nothing to do with me. (跟我无关的话,请一个字也不要说。) 3、关系代词作从句的宾语时,常用which或whom,较少使用that或who,而且,关系代词常常省略。 如:Tom’s father was the first parent whom our teacher talked to. (Tom的父亲是我们老师第一个谈话的人。) 4、当关系代词紧跟在介词后面时,必须用which或whom,而当介词移到句尾时,则又可以使用that或who. 如:This is the room in which Miss Li once lived. (= This is the room Miss Li once lived in.) (这是李小姐曾经居住过的房间。) (5) 主语从句:在句子中充当句子主语的从句叫主语从句。位于谓语动词之前。通常由that,whether以及疑问连词引导。一般情况下,常用it替代主语从句,而将主语从句移到句尾。如:When we should start is still a question. (我们该在什么时候开始还是个问题呢。) 直接引语和间接引语 1、直接引语和间接引语:在陈述句中,直接引用说话人原来的语句,称为直接引语。在书写时,直接引语用引号。用自己的词语来转述表达原来说话人说的内容,称为间接引语。 2、直接引语改变为间接引语: 1、直接引语如果是陈述句,变为间接引语时应注意以下各点: ①不用引号,而用连接词that,但有时可省略。 ②人称作相应变化; ③主句里的动词如果是过去时,间接引语中的时态一般应作相应改变: 一般现在时变一般过去时;一般将来时变过去将来时;现在进行时变过去进行时;现在完成时变成过去完成时;一般过去时变成过去完成时;但一般过去时如与一个具体的过去时间连用,则时态不变。 如:He says,"I am not from the USA.”→He says that he is not from the USA. Mr Smith said to his girl friend,“ I haven’ t seen you for a long time.” →Mr Smith said to his girl friend that he had not seen her for a long time. 2、直接引语如果是一般疑问句,变为间接引语时,需用从属连接词whether或if引导,词序要改变。如:Lin Tao said to Miss Green, "Is it made in China?” →Lin Tao asked Miss Green if it was made in China. 3、直接引语如果是特殊疑问句,变为间接引语时,需用疑问词引导,词序是:连词+主语+谓语。 如:Lucy said to me, “How can I help?” →Lucy asked me how she could help. 4、直接引语如是祈使句,变间接引语时,须将祈使句变为动词不定式,并在动词不定式前用tell, ask, order. 如:He said to the little boy,“ Come here, young man! ” →He asked the little boy to go there. 5、直接引语变为间接引语时,指示代词以及表示时间和地点的词或词组应作相应变化 倒装句: 谓语的一部分或者全部放在主语之前的句子称为倒装句。 1、THERE BE句型以及以here、there开头的句子。如: There are a lot of children in the showroom. (在展览室里有许多的小孩。)/ Here comes the bus. (公交车来了。) / There goes the bell. (铃响了。) / The door opened and in came Mr Lee. (门开了,李先生走了进来。) 2、用“So / Nor / Neither + 助动词 + 主语”倒装结构表示第二个人物的情况与上文的人物情况相同。如:Tom went to the beach last week, and, so did I. (Tom上个星期去了海滩,我也是。) / Li Mei’s bought nothing from the shop. Neither has Jim. (李梅没有在店里买什么,Jim也没有买。) 3、在疑问句中,通常使用在主语之前安放助动词的倒装方法,对主语提问除外。如:How did he find the lost book? (他是怎么样找到丢失的书的?) / Where are they going to spend the summer vacation? (他们打算到哪儿过暑假?) 4、感叹句中通常将被感叹的部分前移,而将句子的主谓语整体后置。 如:What a beautiful flower (it is)! (那是多漂亮的花!) 5、有引号引用某人的原话时,引号外面的主谓一般采用倒装形式放在句尾,但是,若主语是代词则不倒装。如:“What on earth are you doing up there?” said the father. (父亲说:“你在上边到底干什么?”) / “What on earth are you doing up there?”he said. (他说:“你在上边到底干什么?”) 附加注释 die、dead、death的用法:die是动词,可以独立做谓语,有各种时态变化,也可以变成非谓语形式作句子的其他成分;dead是形容词,作句子的定语、表语或宾语补足语;death是名词,作句子的主语、宾语等。如:I’m going to die! (我要死了!) / The man has been dead for about three months. (那个人死了三个月左右。) / He is worried to death. (他急得要死。)
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