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赵家小燕儿

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在 英语学习 中,语法的学习是必不可少的内容,因为学习语法可以帮助我们理解 句子 的含义,可是语法的学习是很枯燥的,所以常常不被学生所接受。下面我给大家分享一些高中英语语法知识点,希望能够帮助大家,欢迎阅读!

高中英语语法知识点1

冠词

高考对冠词的考查集中在基本用法上,主要既反映在对泛指、特指及固定 短语 冠词的考查。抽象名词、物质名词的具体化依然是高考的重点、难点。

一、不定冠词

不定冠词a,an与one同源,表示微弱的一的概念,但并不强调数目,用来表示不确定的人或事物。

A用在辅音前,而不是辅音字母前;an用在元音前,而不是元音字母前。

a university in Asia

1.表示同类中的任何一个

A cat has nine lives.

2.表示泛指的某人、某物

I know a John Lennon,but not the famous one.

3.表示数量的一 He has a daughter.

4. 表示单位数量的每一 I earn 10 dollars an hour.

5.表示相同的

The two birds are of a color.

6. 用于集体名词前

He grows up in a large family.

7. 在某种情况下可用于抽象名词和物质名词前 China has a long history.

二、定冠词的用法

1.表示特定的人或物

2.表示地球、宇宙中独一无二的事物

主要指各种天体及世界上比较有影响的物体。 The sun,the moon,the earth

3.表示地点、方向、时间、方式等 at the corner 在拐角处

1) 在表示季节的名词前常不用冠词。 In spring 在春天

2) 具体某年的某个季节,需用冠词。 In the summer of the year2008

3)用于序数词或形容词的最高级前 the first the second

4)用于形容词前使其名词化 the rich the poor

5)用于复数姓氏前,表示―夫妇‖或全家 The Smiths

6)用于乐器名词前 Play the piano

7)用于by+the+计量单位名词 By the pound

1. 用于复数名词前

复数名词泛指某类人或物时,其前通常用零冠词。 Students should obey the school rules. 学生应该遵守校规。 复数名词若需特指,则要加定冠词。 The students are too lazy. 这些学生太懒。

2. 用于不可数名词前

不可数名词表示泛指时,其前通常用零冠词。如: Bread is made from flour. 面包是用面粉做的。

Wood is a poor conductor of sound. 木头是声音的不良导体。 不可数名词若需特指,则要加定冠词。

He sawed the wood into three pieces. 他把木头锯成三块。

3.用于专有名词前

在通常情况下,专有名词前要用零冠词。如:

Mr Smith is our English teaches us English. 史密斯先生教我们英语。 在特殊情况下,若专有名词需要特指,也可加定冠词。如: The Smith you‘re looking for no longer lives here.

4. 用于抽象化的可数名词前

有些可数名词抽象化后表示表示的活动,其前通常零冠词。 Jim has gone to bed. 吉姆已上床睡觉了。

She goes to church every Sunday. 她每周星期天都去做礼拜。

这类主要涉及bed, church, class, college, school, university, work, hospital, prison, market, sea, town等。另外,这类名词前用不用冠词有时与英美英语的表达习惯有关。如:―住院‖在英国英语中通常说成 in hospital,而在美国英语中则通常说成in the hospital;类似的还有go to university (英)上大学 / go to the university (美)上大学;at table (英)在吃饭 / at the table (美)在吃饭。

高中英语语法知识点2

现在完成时

1. 现在完成时结构:

主语 + 助动词have(has) + 动词过去分词

否定句:have/has后加not, haven’t/hasn’t

一般疑问句:have/has提前

2. 现在完成时的用法:

(1)表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果,强调的是这个结果或影响,常与yet,already,just,before,lately等时间状语连用。

—Have you had your lunch yet? 你吃过午饭了吗?

—Yes, I have. I have just had it. 是的,我刚吃过。(现在我不饿了。)

I have already posted the photos. 我已经寄过这些照片了。(这些照片已不在我这里了。)

have(has) gone to,have(has) been to和have(has) been in的区别

1. have (has) gone to表示"已经去某地了",不能与for+一段时间连用。

She has gone to Shanghai.(她可能已在去上海的路上,或已到上海,总之现在不在这里。)

2. have (has) been to表示"曾经去过某地",不能与for+一段时间连用。

She has been to Shanghai three times.(她已经不在上海,只说明她曾经去过。)

3. have (has) been in/at表示"一直待在某地",常与时间段搭配,指待了很久。

(2)过去发生的事情,一直持续到现在(其谓语动词多是延续性动词或表示状态的词)。

I haven’t seen her these days. 近来我一直没见过他。

I’ve known Li Lei for three years. 我认识李雷已经三年了。

They have lived here since 1996. 他们自从1996年就住在这儿。

She has taught us since I came to this school. 自从我来这所学校,她就教我。

3. 现在完成时多与下列时间状语连用:

(1)用于"过去发生的事,对现在造成的影响或结果"的时间状语有:

(2)用于"过去发生的事,一直延续到现在"的时间状语有:

for + 时间段 for two years

since + 时间点 since 2008 since then since he came here

so far 目前;迄今为止

up to now=till now=by now 到现在为止;直到现在

all the time 总是;一直

recently/lately 最近

these days 近几天

by the end of...到……末/结束 by the end of this month/year 到本月/年末

during /over the last (past) few years 在过去的几年中

in the last /past days/ months/ years 在过去的几个天/月/年中

(3)在条件、时间、让步状语从句中,表示将来某时以前已完成的动作。

I will not believe you unless I have seen it with my own eyes.

I will go with you as soon as I have finished my work.

(4)非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示一段时间的状语连用即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。

I haven’t received his letter for almost a month.

高中英语语法知识点3

一般将来时

1.shall用于第一人称,常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称,在征求意见时常用于第二人称。

Which paragraph shall I read first? 我先读哪一段呢?

Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗?

2. be going to +不定式,表示将来。

a. 主语的意图,即将做某事。

What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢?

b. 计划或安排要发生的事。

The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。

c. 有迹象要发生的事。

Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云,快要下雨了。

3.be +不定式表将来,按计划或正式安排将发生的事。

We are to discuss the report next Saturday. 我们下星期六讨论这份 报告 。

4.be about to +不定式,意为马上做某事。

He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。

注意:be about to do 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。

5.一般现在时表将来。

a. 下列动词come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return的一般现在时可以表示将来,主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。

The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。

—When does the bus star? 汽车什么时候开?

—It stars in ten minutes. 十分钟后。

b. 以here,there等开始的倒装句,表示动作正在进行。

Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了。

There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 铃响了。

c. 在时间或条件句中。

When Bill comes不是will come., ask him to wait for me. 比尔来后,让他等我。

I’ll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里,就写信给你。

d. 在动词hope,take care that,make sure that等的宾语从句中。

I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他们下星期玩得开心。

Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 离开房间前,务必把窗户关了。

6.用现在进行时表示将来。

下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等现在进行时可以表示将来。

I’m leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。

Are you staying here till next week? 你会在这儿待到下周吗?

高中英语语法知识点4

形容词、副词的基本用法

1.形容词作状语表示伴随或结果,并不表达动作的方式。After the long journey,the three of them went back home,hungry and tired.经过长时间旅行后,他们三个回到家,又饿又累。2.有些副词还可以作连词,作副词时常放在句末。如:though,(ever)since,in case等He is old. He works hard,though.=Though he is old,he works hard.虽然他年事已高,但他工作还是很努力。3.有些副词置于句首可修饰全句,作评注性状语。如:obviously,naturally,surprisingly等Fortunately,he was not drowned and was saved by the PLA.幸运的是,他没被淹死,被解放军给救了。Happily for her,her stepmother was kind to her.高兴的是,她的继母对她很好。4.can not/never 与enough 或too连用表示:无论怎样都不过分;越……越好。—I was riding alone in the street and all of a sudden,a car cut in and knocked me down.——我正在大街上独自一人骑自行车,突然一辆小汽车强行超车把我撞倒了。—You can never be too careful in the street.— —在大街上你越小心越好。

形容词、副词的比较级和最高级

1."as+形容词+(a/an)+名词+as"表示同级比较,注意中间的形容词和名词并列时各自所在的位置。It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.人们普遍认为,教学是一门科学,同时也是一门艺术。2."as+形容词/副词的原级+as"与"not as/so+形容词/副词的原级+as"表示同级比较,即两个或两部分人或物在性质上或程度上相同(不同)。The work is not as/so difficult as you imagine.这项工作不是像你想像的那么难。3."the+比较级+of the two +名词"表示"两者中较……的那个"。The taller of the two boys is my brother.两个男孩中较高的那位是我哥哥。4.a+形容词比较级+n.……After two years’ research,we have a far better understanding of the disease.研究两年之后,现在我们对这种病有更好的理解。We went to the USA in search of a better life.为了寻找更美好的生活我们去了美国。5.比较级的修饰语常见的有:rather,much,still,even,far,any(用于否定句或疑问句),a lot,a little,a great deal,by far,a bit 等。The students study even harder than before.学生们学习比以前更努力了。A car runs a great deal faster than a bike.汽车比自行车跑得快得多。6.最高级(1)最高级的修饰语常见的有:序数词,by far,nearly,almost,by no means,not really,not quite,nothing like。The bridge being built now is by far the longest across the Yellow River.目前正在建的那座桥是横跨黄河之上的桥当中最长的桥。I’d like to buy the second most expensive camera.我想买仅次于最贵的照相机。(2)否定词+比较级=最高级。There is no greater love than that of a man who lays down his life for his friends.为朋友而放弃生命的人的爱是最伟大的爱。—Are you satisfied with what he said at the meeting?——你对他在会议上说的满意吗?—No. It couldn’t have been worse.——不,不能再差了。

高中英语语法知识点5

1、学校生活及学习成绩

Be getting on well with one’s study某人的学习越来越好take several courses at school在学校学若干门课程have English (Chinese, Physics…) every (other )day work hard at …put one’s heart into…专心于;致力于be interested in …be fond oflike chemistry bestbe good at …; be poor at …; do well in …; be weak in …make progress in …; fail in …’ be tired of …’pass the examination; give sb. a passing grade;major in history 主修历史He has the best record in school. 他的成绩最棒。get a doctor’s degree 获得博士学位be more interesting to sb.learn about; succeed in…; be active in class (work);take an active part in …; learn… by heart;work out a (maths) problem; improve oneself in …;get 90 marks for (English); get an “A” in the exam;have a good command of…lay a good foundation in (language study)

2、师生关系get on well with sb; like to be with students;

be gentle with us; be kind to sb;

be a strict teacher; be strict with one’s pupils;be strict in work

We think of him (her) as …; help sb with sth;praise sb for sth …; blame sb for sth..give advice on …; question sb on …be satisfied with …correct the students’ homework carefully and prepare for the next day; give sb a lot of work;try to teach sb good study habits; make one’s lessons lively and interesting; teach sb. sth.;teach sb to do sth.devote all one’s time to work;admire (sb.for) his devotion to the cause of education佩服他对于 教育 事业的献身精神。

3、课余活动及周末生活spend one’s time in many different ways;enjoy doing things by oneself; go swimming;go for an outing; have an outing at (the seashore);see the sights of Beijing; play the piano (violin);play chess (basketball); have a swim;have dances on weekends; have a picnic over the weekend;go to the cinema; have a party; hold a sports meeting;do some reading; help sb do sth; enjoy a family trip;get everything ready for;ride one’s bike with sb.to(the park);There are a lot of activities at (the beach).We enjoy a change from our busy life in the city.She would like to bring sth. to the picnic.It was a very relaxing Sunday.There are good programmes on TV on weekends.

4、彼此沟通信息take a message for sb; send a message to sb;hear from sb; talk about/of sth; tell sb to do sth;get information about…;express one’s idea (feelings) in English用英语表达一个人的思想(感情);Write sb a letter saying…给某人写信说... , apologize to sb for…thank you for …; make a speech t at the meeting;explain sth to s; look upon sb as …; think sb to be …;take sb’s side

5、事件中人的态度would like to do; allow sb to do;keep sb from doing (prevent sb. from doing);call on sb to do; be afraid to do (be afraid of …);fee like doing; insist on doing; drive sb. off;speak highly of sb; speak ill of sb; think highly of sb;force sb to do; offer to do; refuse to do; agree to do;regret doing;prefer to do A rather than do B; had better do;would rather (not) do.

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高中英语语法句子

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1. be doing/ be about to do/be on the point of doing/had done…,when…(when:这时, 强调一个动作的突然发生)1) I was walking along the river, when I heard a drowning boy cry for help.2) I was about to leave when it began to rain.3) I had just finished my test paper when the bell rang, announcing the exam was over.2. It was(not) +时间段+before +一般过去时“过了一段时间就……”It will(not) be+时间段+before +一般现在时“要过一段时间才会……”It is/ has been +时间段+ since…It was+点时间+ when…It was+时间状语+ that…(强调句)1) It was not long before he sensed the danger of the position.不久他就意识到他处境危险。(动作已发生)2) It will be half a year before you graduate from the school.还有半年你才从这个学校毕业。(动作未发生)3) It is 3 years since he worked here. = he left here.(since从句中的谓语动词若是延续性动词,要从这个动作结束的时候算起)4) It was 3 o’clock when they received the telephone.5) It was at 3 o’clock that they received the telephone.3. once… 一旦……,表示时间和条件1) Once you start, you will never give up.2) Once you understand what the teacher explained, you will have no difficulty doing the work.4. the +比较级……,the +比较级……“越……越……”The more books you read, the more knowledge you will get.5. whether…or…无论是……还是……1) Whether the weather is good or bad, they will set off as they planned.2) Any person, whether young or old, has his own worth.6. 祈使句+or/otherwise +结果句或祈使句+ and +结果句1) Stop doing such a foolish thing, or you will be punished in time.2) More effort, and the problem would have been settled.7. every time/each time/next time/the first time/any time等短语引导时间状语从句,表示“每当,每次,下次,第一次,任何时候”。1) Every time you meet with new words while reading, don’t always refer to your dictionary.2) Next time you come, do remember to bring your son here.3) You are welcome to come back any time you want to.8. There is(no) need to do…There is(no)hope/chance/possibility of doing…There is(no)difficulty/trouble/point/delay( in )doing1) Is there any chance of our winning the match?2) There is no point in discussing the problem again.9. it 强调句:基本构成形式:It is/ was +被强调部分+ who/ that+原句剩余部分I met him in the street yesterday afternoon.It was I who/that met him in the street yesterday afternoon.(强调是我,不是别人)It was in the street that I met him yesterday afternoon.(强调是在大街上,不是在别的地方,强调的是地点,但不用where)It was yesterday afternoon that I met him in the street.(强调是昨天下午,不是在别的时候,强调的是时间,但不用when)10. not... until直到……才1) The villagers didn’t realize how serious the pollution was until all the fish died in the river.2) It was not until all the fish died in the river that the villagers realized how serious the pollution was.(强调句)3) Not until all the fish died in the river did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was.(倒装句)11. not only…but (also)…引导并列结构:作主语时,谓语动词与邻近的一个主语保持一致。Not only the teacher but also the students have their eyes examined regularly.not only... but (also)…引导并列句时,not only引导的部分置于句首时要部分倒装。1) Not only was everything he had taken away, but also his German citizenship was taken away.2) Not only should we students study hard, but also we should know how to enjoy ourselves in our spare time.12. would rather +从句(从句要用虚拟语气,即从句中谓语动词用一般过去式, 表示现在或将来的愿望;从句中谓语动词用过去完成市,表示对过去的愿望)1) I’d rather you posted the letter right now.我想让你现在就把信寄出去。2) I’d rather I hadn’t seen her yesterday.我情愿昨天没见到她。13. so, neither/nor 引导得倒装表示“另一者也如此”及前者的情况也适用于后者,用so, neither/nor引导的倒装句,助动词的选择依据前一句的谓语动词。1) He has finished his homework, so have I.2) My sister prefers coffee, so do I.3) John can’t ride a bicycle, neither/nor can I.若前句的谓语动词既有肯定又有否定形式时,或谓语动词不属于一类时,用It is/was the same with sb.或So it is/was with sb.4) He is a worker and he works hard, so it is with John.若后一句是对前一句所说的内容表示赞同或认可,则主语和谓语不倒装。5) — It is cold today. — Yes. So it is6) — He visited Tokyo last week. — Yes. So he did.14. 倍数表达法:A+谓语+倍数+ the + n.(size/ height/ length…) + of BA+谓语+倍数+ as + abj. + as BA+谓语+倍数+ adj.比较级+ than BA +谓语+ adj.比较级+than B + by +倍数1) This square is twice the size of that one. This square is twice as large as that one. This square is once larger than that one.2) This factory produced three times as many cars as they did 10 years ago.3) He is 3 years older than IHe is older than I by 3 years.15. as/with表示“随……进展”,as后面接句子,with后面接短语。1) With the industry developing, the pollution is becoming more and more serious.2) As the industry develops, the pollution is becoming more and more serious.16. with的复合结构(作状语或作定语)with + n. + adj. (with可以省略)1) (With) the street wet and slippery, we had to ride our bikes slowly and carefully.Because the street were wet and slippery, …2) The students were listening to the teacher, (with) their eyes wide open.The students were listening to the teacher, and their eyes were wide open.with+ n. + adv. (with可以省略)3) He put on his coat hurriedly, (with) the wrong side out.with + n. + prep-phrase (with可以省略)4) The old man was seated in the sofa, (with) a pipe in his mouth.with + n.+ to do/to be done (动词不定式的动作还未进行)with + n.+ doing/being done (动词不定式的动作正在进行)with + n.+ done (动词不定式的动作已经完成或指n.所处的状态)5) With so many problems to settle, the newly-elected president is having a hard year.6) He was lying in bed, with his eyes fixed on the ceiling.7) With the temple being repaired, we can’t visited it.17. 以here, there, in, out, up, down, away等副词开头的倒装句(多用一般现在时表示正在进行的动作)。1) Here comes the bus! (=The bus is coming here!)2) Away he went. 他走远了。(若主语是代词则主语与谓语不倒装)18. 方位状语位于句首时的倒装句。1) In front of the house stopped a police car.2) Under the tree sat a boy, with a book in his hand.19. 具有否定意义的副词或短语位于句首时句子要部分倒装。常用的有:little, never, seldom, hardly, rarely, no sooner, in no time, by no means, in no case等。

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青春冰帝

1、must用法:

(1)表命令:you must not be late again tomorrow!你明天可一定不能迟到!

(2)表对现在推测:they must be playing mah-jong now!他们现在一定又在打麻将!

(3)表对过去推测:look at his red face,he must have drunk a lot.看看他通红的脸,他一定喝了不少酒。

2、should用法:

表命令:you should come earlier tomorrow!你明天应该早一点来!

You should take it easy.你应该从容接受这件事。

3、ought to 的用法:

表命令:you ought to come earlier tomorrow!你明天应该早一点来!

4、will和shall的用法:

(1)用will you结构,表示请求

Will you turn down the radio a little你能把收音机关小一点吗?

Will you help me with my English?你能帮我学英语吗?

Will you go swimming with me? 你能和我一起去游泳吗?

(2)用shall I (we)结构,提出建议

Shall we go swimming? 我们去游泳怎么样?

Shall we play chess?我们下下棋怎么样?

5、would的用法:

它的用法和will相似,只是用来请求更为委婉。

Would you go swimming with me?你和我一起去游泳,好不好?

一、反意疑问句

1、反意疑问句的变化方式:

首先找出陈述句里的主谓语;其次,根据相反原则对主谓进行更改,也就是前肯后否,前否后肯;第三将谓提前即可。注意:如果后面是否定形式时,一定得是缩写形式。 反意疑问句只有这两种形式:前面是肯定,后面否定;前面否定,后面肯定。

2、反意疑问句的回答采用“实事求是”的原则,也就是:肯定的答案就是YES+肯定结构;否定的答案就用NO+否定结构。答案要和实际情况相符。这一点和中文的习惯不同。

二、 祈使句

1、祈使句一般是“对方”说话,句中的动词一律用动词原形。

2、可以用来表达命令,如:Sit down; Stand up

3、表示客气的口吻,可以加please这人词,如please listen to me或listen to me ,please.

4、后面可带附加结构will you 或 wob’t,相当于汉语中的`“好吗”,“好不好”,如help me study English,willyou?

5、对第一人称或第三人称提出建议可用Let(表示让,允许)结构,即let+人称代词+动词原形,如let me try。

6、一般祈使句的否定在动词原形的前面加上don’t,如Don’t smoke here,当是Let’t(或let me)时,可以用另外一种否定形式,即let’t(let me)+not+动词原形,如:let’t not waste our time

一、主语

主语是句子陈述的对象,说明是谁或什么。表示句子说的是"什么人"、“什么事”、“什么东西”、“什么地方”等等。

名词、代词、数词、动名词、To do不定式、一个句子 都可以做主语。

二、谓语

谓语是对主语动作或状态的陈述或说明,指出“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”. 谓语动词的位置一般在主语之后。

三、宾语

宾语,又称受词,是指一个动作(动词)的接受者。宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语(间接宾语也称宾语补足语)两大类,其中直接宾语指动作的直接对象,间接宾语说明动作的非直接,但受动作影响的对象。一般而言,及物动词后面最少要有一个宾语,而该宾语通常为直接宾语,有些及物动词要求两个宾语,则这两个宾语通常一个为直接宾语,另一个为间接宾语。名词、代词、数词、动名词、To do不定式、一个句子 都可以做宾语,而to do不定式用于宾语补足语。

四、定语

定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。 主要有形容词此外还有名词、代词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式(短语)、分词、定语从句或相当于形容词的词、短语或句子都可以作定语。 汉语中常用……的表示。定语和中心语之间是修饰和被修饰、限制和被限制的关系。在汉语中,中心语与定语二者之间有的需要用结构助词“的”,有的不需要,有的可要可不要。 “的”是定语的标志。

五、状语

英语中,修饰动词、形容词、副词等的句子成分叫状语(adverbial)。

状语的功用:状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。 状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当。其位置一般放在句末,但也可放在句首或句中。

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小尾巴摇阿摇

英语中的句子的基本句型有五大:1.主系表 2. 主谓(Vi) 3.主谓(Vt)宾 4 主谓宾+宾补 5. 主谓+间接宾语+直接宾语(解释一下,主语就是动作的执行者,谓语就是要执行的动作,宾语是动作的承受者,宾补是补充说明宾语的状态,系表是解释主语是什么)可以这么说,学好五大句型是学好英语的基础!学好五大句型,就可以自己分析英语中的复合句了。那么想搞清楚句子结构,首先要对动词有所了解,动词在句子中是充当谓语的,也只有动词才能充当谓语。动词分为以下几类:1.系动词:1)be动词:am, is, are, was, were 2)感官动词:look,hear, sound....(他们翻译为看起来,听起来,....)当然他们也可以作为实义动词。 3)表变化类的:become, turn, go4) 表持续类的:stay, ramain,... 这时你要记住系表结构,系动词之后就是表语! 2.实义动词(或称为行为动词):他又分为及物动词(Vt)和不及物动词(Vi)及物动词后可直接跟上宾语,不及物动词不可直接跟上宾语,要加上相应的介词 这时你要记住动宾结构和介宾结构,及物动词和介词后就是宾语! 3.情态动词:can, must, .... 后面这接接动词原形,这里就不详解了 4.助动词:do,did,... 不详解了 下面举例:最简单的:I love you. 主谓宾结构。(我是动作的发出者或叫执行者,发出爱之个动作,你被我爱,是动作的承受着) He is a student. 主系表结构。 (他是一个学生,解释说明主语的) 总而言之,分析英语的句子,首先要找动词,同时,你要记得几个结构:主谓结构,动宾结构,介宾结构,系表结构。并列句:用并列连词(and, but, or. so. for)等连接而成的大句子,其中的前后分句之间存在并列、转折、递进、因果等意义关系。复合句:就是用一个子句(即从句)来充当一个简单的某个成分而构成的大句子叫复合句,其中,从句都有连词(或关系词)引导,从句可能在复合句中充当主句的主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、同位语等。

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Camillemcc

高中英语常见句型结构大全

语法是对现成语言中规则的归纳和总结,以便学习者更快模仿掌握一门外语。所以语法知识很重要,你不能用汉语的语法规则来造英语的句子,那样懂英语的人读不懂,同样不懂英语的语法规则也绝对读不懂英语短文。下文是有途网小编给大家整理的英语语法中常见的句型结构大全,仅供大家参考学习。

一、句型1: Subject (主语) + Verb (谓语)

这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词,所谓不及物动词,就是这种动词后不可以直接接宾语。常见的动词如:work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen等。如:

1) Li Ming works very hard.李明学习很努力。

2) The accident happened yesterday afternoon.事故是昨天下午发生的。

3)Spring is coming.

4) We have lived in the city for ten years.

二、句型2:Subject (主语) + Link. V(系动词) + Predicate(表语)

这种句型主要用来表示主语的特点、身份等。其系动词一般可分为下列两类:

(1)表示状态。这样的词有:be, look, seem, smell, taste, sound, keep等。如:

1) This kind of food tastes delicious.这种食物吃起来很可口。

2) He looked worried just now.刚才他看上去有些焦急。

(2)表示变化。这类系动词有:become, turn, get, grow, go等。如:

1) Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer.春天到了,天气变得越来越暖和。

2) The tree has grown much taller than before.这棵树比以前长得高多了。

三、句型3:Subject(主语) + Verb (谓语) + Object (宾语)

这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词, 所谓及物动词,就是这种动词后可以直接接宾语,其宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来充当。例:

1) He took his bag and left.(名词) 他拿着书包离开了。

2) Li Lei always helps me when I have difficulties. (代词)当我遇到困难时,李雷总能给我帮助。

3) She plans to travel in the coming May Day.(不定式)她打算在即将到来的“五一”外出旅游。

4) I don’t know what I should do next. (从句)我不知道下一步该干什么。

注意:英语中的许多动词既是及物动词,又是不及物动词。

四、句型4: Subject(主语)+Verb(谓语)+ Indirect object(间接宾语)+Direct object (直接宾语)

这种句型中,直接宾语为主要宾语,表示动作是对谁做的或为谁做的,在句中不可或缺,常常由表示“物”的名词来充当;间接宾语也被称之为第二宾语,去掉之后,对整个句子的影响不大,多由指“人”的名词或代词承担。引导这类双宾语的常见动词有:buy, pass, lend, give, tell, teach, show, bring, send等。如:

1) Her father bought her a dictionary as a birthday present.她爸爸给她买了一本词典作为生日礼物。

2)The old man always tells the children stories about the heroes in the Long March.

老人经常给孩子们讲述长征途中那些英雄的故事。 上述句子还可以表达为:

1)Her father bought a dictionary for her as a birthday present.

2)The old man always tells stories about the heroes to the children in the Long March.

五、句型5: Subject(主语)+Verb (动词)+Object (宾语)+Complement(补语)

这种句型中的“宾语 + 补语”统称为“复合宾语”。宾语补足语的主要作用或者是补充、说明宾语的特点、身份等;或者表示让宾语去完成的动作等。担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。如:

1)You should keep the room clean and tidy. 你应该让屋子保持干净整洁。(形容词)

2) We made him our monitor.(名词)我们选他当班长。

3) His father told him not to play in the street.(不定式)他父亲告诉他不要在街上玩。

4)My father likes to watch the boys playing basketball.(现在分词)

5) Yesterday I had a picture taken with two Americans.(过去分词)

blame sb. for doing sth. 指责某人做某事

criticize sb. for doing sth. 批评某人做某事

forgive sb. for doing sth. 原谅某人做某事

excuse sb. for doing sth. 原谅某人做某事

pardon sb. for doing sth. 原谅某人做某事

punish sb. for doing sth. 惩罚某人做某事

scold sb. for doing sth. 指责(责备)某人做某事

thank sb. for doing sth. 感谢某人做某事

accuse sb. of sth. 控告某人犯某事(罪),指责某人做某事

cheat sb. fo sth. 骗取某人某物

cure sb. of sth. 治好某人的病,改掉某人的坏习惯

inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某情况(事)

remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起某情况(事)

rid sb. of sth. 使某人摆脱某物

rob sb. of sth. 抢劫某人的某东西

warn sb. of sth. 警告某人有某情况

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