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让子弹飞888

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小学英语基础知识点总结   名词   表示某一事物,有具体的和抽象的之分。   判断的关键词往往是be动词,be动词如果是am、is或was,名词就用原形;   be动词如果是are或were,名词就加s或es。   这里强调两点:不可数名词都默认为单数,所以总是用is或者was;   最好不要根据some、any、a lot of等词去作判断,以免受误导。   如何加后缀:   a.一般情况下,直接加-s   如:book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats, bed-beds   b.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es   如:bus-buses,box-boxes, brush-brushes,watch-watches   c.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es   如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries   d.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es   如:knife-knives   e.不规则名词复数:   man-men   woman-women   policeman-policemen   policewoman-policewomen   mouse-mice   child-children   foot-feet   tooth-teeth   ish-fish   people-people   Chinese-Chinese   Japanese-Japanese   人称代词   第一人称   I me we us my mine our ours   第二人称   you you you you your yours your yours   第三人称   he him they them his his their theirs she her her hers it it its its   人称代词:   有主格和宾格之分。   一般动词前用主格,动词后用宾格。   物主代词   有两类:形容词性物主代词(短的)和名词性物主代词(长的)   一般看后面有没有名词,如有,就用形容词性物主代词(短的);   如无,就用名词性物主代词(长的)。   形容词性物主代词   1、 形容词性物主代词8个:   My your his her its our your their   我的 你的 他的 她的 它的 我们的 你们的 他(她、它)们的   2、 形容词性物主代词的特点:   1)译成汉语都有"的" eg:my 我的 their 他们的   2)后面加名词: eg:my backpack his name   3)前后不用冠词 a an the   This is a my eraser(错误) That is your a pen(错误) Its his the pen(错误)   3、I(物主代词)my you(物主代词)your he (物主代词)her we (物主代词) our   注:在变物主代词时,把原题所给的词加上的,再译成单词就可以了。   名词性物主代词   1、名词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词一样有8个:   Mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs   我的 你的 他的 她的 它的 我们的 你们的 他(她、它)们的   2、名词性物主代词的特点:   1)译成汉语都有"的" 2)后面不加名词 3)名词性物主代词=形容词性   物主代词+名词   Eg:1、thepen is mine 钢笔是我的(mine=my pen)   单数的句子变成复数的句子   把单数的句子成复数的句子:   变法是把能变成复数的词变成复数,但a或an要把去掉。特殊疑问   词、形容词、国家及地点通常不变。   Eg:把下列句子变成复数   1, I have a car ----we have cars   2, He is an American boy. ----They are American boys   3, It is a car ----They are cars   4, This is an eraser ----These are erasers   5, That is a backpsck -----Those are backpacks   6,Im an English teather ------We are English teathers   7,Its a new shirt---- They are new shirts   8,Hes a boy ----They are boys   9,Shes a singer ------They are singers   10,Whats this in English?---- What are these in English?   基础知识   1.字母:26个字母的大小写   ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ   abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz   2.语音:元音的发音   五个元音字母:AEIOU   12个单元音: 前元音:[i:] [] /e/ []   中元音:[:] []   后元音:[ɑ:] [] [:] [u :] [] []   双元音(8个)   Ⅰ.合口双元音(5个)[ai] [ei] [au] [u] [i]   Ⅱ.集中双元音(3个) [i][ε][u]   3.词汇:词汇量,近反义词   4.句子:大小写,标点符号   语法知识①   一.名词:名词单复数,名词的格   (一)名词单复数   1.一般情况,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds   2.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches   3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries   4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives   5.不规则名词复数:   man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice   child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese   不可数名词的复数就是原型: paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea   (二)名词的格   (1) 有生命的东西的名词所有格:   a) 单数后加 ’s 如: Lucy’s ruler my father’s shirt   b) 以s 结尾的复数名词后加 ’如: his friends’ bags   c) 不以s 结尾的复数后加 ’s children’s shoes   l并列名词中,如果把 ’s加在最后一个名词后,表示共有, 如:   Tom and Mike’s car 汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车   l要表示所有物不是共有的,应分别在并列名词后加’s   Tom’s and Mike’s cars 汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车   (2)表示无生命东西的名词通常用“ of +名词”来表示所有关系:如:   a picture of the classroom a map of China   语法知识②   二.冠词:不定冠词,定冠词种类:   (1)不定冠词:a / an a unit / an uncle   元音开头的可数名词前用an :   an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock / an actor / an actress / an e-mail / an address / an event / an example / an opera / an houran old man / an interesting book / an exciting sport / an action movie / an art lesson /   (2)定冠词:the the egg the plane   2. 用法:   定冠词的用法:   (1)特指某(些)人或某(些)物: The ruler is on the desk.   (2)复述上文提到的人或物:He has a sweater. The sweater is new.   (3)谈话双方都知道的人或物:The boys aren’t at school.   (4)在序数词前: John’s birthday is February the second.   (5)用于固定词组中: in the morning / afternoon / evening   不用冠词的情况:   (1)专有名词前:China is a big country.   (2)名词前有定语:this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等:   This is my baseball.   (3)复数名词表示一类人和事:Monkeys can’t swim. They are teachers.   (4)在节日,日期,月份,季节前:Today is Christmas Day. It’s Sunday.   (5)一日三餐前:We have breakfast at 6:30.   (6)球类 棋类运动前:They often play football after class. He plays chess at home.   * 但乐器前要用定冠词:I play the guitar very well.   (7)学科名称前:My favorite subject is music.   (8)在称呼或头衔的名词前:This is Mr Li.   (9)固定词组中:at noon at night by bus   语法知识③   三、代词、形容词、副词   代词:人称代词,物主代词   人称代词物主代词   主格宾格   第一   人称单数I(我)memy(我的)   复数we(我们)usour(我们的)   第二   人称单数you(你)youyour(你的)   复数you(你们)youyour(你们的)   第三   人称单数he(他)himhis(他的)   she(她)herher(她的)   it(它)itits(它的)   复数they(他们/她们/它们)themtheir(他们的/她们的/它们的)   形容词,副词:比较级,最高级   (一)、形容词的比较级   1、形容词比较级在句子中的运用:两个事物或人的比较用比较级,比较级后面一般带有单词than。比较级前面可以用more, a little来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格(口语中可用宾格)。   2.形容词加er的规则:   ⑴ 一般在词尾加er ;   ⑵ 以字母e 结尾,加r ;   ⑶ 以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加er ;   ⑷ 以“辅音字母+y”结尾,先把y变i,再加er 。   3.不规则形容词比较级:   good-better, beautiful-more beautiful   (二)副词的'比较级   1.形容词与副词的区别(有be用形,有形用be;有动用副,有副用动)   ⑴在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后   ⑵副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后   2.副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同(不规则变化:well-better, far-farther)   语法知识④   四、数词:基数词、序数词   (1)1-20   one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen, sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen,twenty   (2)21-99 先说“几十”,再说“几”,中间加连字符。   23→twenty-three,34→thirty-four,45→forty—five,56→fifty-six,67→sixty-seven,78→seventy-eight,89→eighty-nine,91→ninety-one   (3)101—999先说“几百”,再加and,再加末两位数或末位数;   586→five hundred and eighty-six,803→eight hundred and three   (4)l,000以上,先从右往左数,每三位数加一个“,”,第一个“,”前为thousand.第二个“,”前为million,第三个“,”前为billion   1,001→one thousand and one   18,423→eighteen thousand,four hundred and twenty-three   6,260,309→six million two hundred and sixty thousand three hundred and nine   750,000,000,000→seven hundred and fifty billion   序数词   (1)一般在基数词后加th   eg.four→fourth,thirteen→thirteenth   (2)不规则变化   one→first,two→second,three→third,five→fifth,eight→eighth,nine→ninth,twelve—twelfth   (3)以y结尾的十位整数,变y为ie再加th   twenty→twentieth, forty→fortieth, ninety→ninetieth   (4)从二十一后的“几十几”直至“几百几十几”或“几千几百几十几”只将个位的基数词变为序数词。   twenty-first,two hundred and forty-fifth   基数词转为序数词的口诀:   基变序,有规律,词尾加上-th.   一,二,三,特殊记,词尾字母t,d,d.   八去t,九去e, ve要用f替。   ty将y变成i,th前面有个e.   若是碰到几十几,前用基来后用序。   语法知识⑤   五、介词:常用介词:in, on, at, behind等   1.at表示时间概念的某一个点。(在某时刻、时间、阶段等)。   at 1:00(dawn,midnight,noon)在一点钟(黎明、午夜、中午)   2.on   1)表示具体日期。   注:(1)关于"在周末"的几种表示法:   at(on)the weekend在周末---特指   at(on)weekends在周末---泛指   over the weekend在整个周末   during the weekend在周末期间   (2)在圣诞节,应说at Christmas?而不说on Christmas?   2)在(刚……)的时候。   On reaching the city he called up his parents.   一到城里他就给父母打了一个电话。   3.in   1)表示"时段"、"时期",在多数情况下可以和during互换,前者强调对比,后者强调持续。 in(during)1988(December,the 20th century)在一九八八年(十二月、二十世纪)   六、动词:动词的四种时态:   (1)一般现在时:   一般现在时的构成   1. be动词:主语+be(am, is, are)+其它。如: I am a boy. 我是一个男孩。   2. 行为动词:主语+行为动词(+其它)。 如: We study English. 我们学习英语。   当主语为第三人称单数(he, she, it)时,要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如:Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。   动词+s的变化规则   1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks   2.以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes   3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:study-studies   (2)一般过去时:   动词过去式详解 动词的过去式的构成规则有:   A、规则动词   ① 一般直接在动词的后面加ed:如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited   ② 以e结尾的动词直接加d:如 lived , danced , used   ③ 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词要改y为i再加ed(此类动词较少)如 study – studied carry – carried worry – worried (注意play、stay不是辅音字母加y,所以不属于此类)   ④ 双写最后一个字母(此类动词较少)如 stopped   B、不规则动词(此类词并无规则,须熟记)小学阶段要记住以下动词的原形和过去式:sing – sang , eat – ate ,   see – saw , have – had , do – did , go – went , take – took , buy – bought , get – got , read – read ,fly – flew , am/is – was ,   are – were , say – said , leave – left , swim – swam , tell – told , draw – drew , come – came , lose – lost , find – found , drink – drank , hurt – hurt , feel – felt   (3)一般将来时:   基本结构:   ①be going to + do;   ②will+ do. be going to = will   I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天). = I will go swimming tomorrow.   (4)现在进行时: am,is,are+动词现在分词   动词现在分词详解 动词的ing形式的构成规则:   ① 一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating   ② 以e 结尾的动词,要先去e再加ing ,如having , writing   ③ 双写最后一个字母的(此类动词极少)有:running , swimming , sitting , getting   句法   1.陈述句   (1)肯定句:是指用肯定的语气来陈述的句子,如:I’m a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital.   There are four fans in our classroom. He will eat lunch at 12:00. I watched TV yesterday evening.   (2)、否定句:含有否定词或表示否定意义词的句子,如:I’m not a student. She is not (isn’t) a doctor.   He does not (doesn’t) work in a hospital. There are not (aren’t) four fans in our classroom.   He will not (won’t) eat lunch at 12:00. I did not (didn’t) watch TV yesterday evening.   2. 疑问句   一般疑问句:是指询问事实的句子,此类句子必须用“yes”,或“no”来回答。   特殊疑问句:以特殊疑问词(what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等)开头引导的句子。此类句子应该问什么就答什么,不能用“yes 、no”来回答。   3.There be句型   There be 句型与have, has的区别   1、There be 句型表示:在某地有某物(或人)   2、在there be 句型中,主语是单数,be 动词用is ; 主语是复数,be 动词用are ; 如有几件物品,be 动词根据最*近be 动词的那个名词决定。   3、there be 句型的否定句在be 动词后加not , 一般疑问句把be 动词调到句首。   4、there be句型与have(has) 的区别:there be 表示在某地有某物(或人);have(has) 表示某人拥有某物。   5、some 和any 在there be 句型中的运用:some 用于肯定句, any 用于否定句或疑问句。   6、and 和or 在there be句型中的运用:and 用于肯定句, or 用于否定句或疑问句。   7、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是:   How many + 名词复数 + are there + 介词短语?   How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语?   8、针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是:   What’s + 介词短语?

小学英语语法培训ppt

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流星又来临

小学英语语法总结 一、there be句型:表示存在,即:“某处有某物”或“某时有某事”。句型基本结构为:There is(are)+ 可数名词单数或不可数名词/复数+时间或地点。如:1. There are two bedrooms, a kitchen, a bathroom and a living room.2. Is there a forest in the park? Yes, there is.二、 to be句型:用于介绍个人情况如姓名、健康状况、身份、国籍、家庭成员、朋友、职业等,描述地点、颜色、四季、日期、星期几等:1. Who’s your English teacher? Miss White. 2. Is she quiet? No, she isn’t. She is very active. 三、 一般现在时句型:表示习惯性的动作或行为,或现在存在着的状况。句型基本结构为:主语+行为动词+其他。当主语是第三人称单数时,要在动词原形后面加s或es,其他人称作主语时则用动词原形,在问句及否定句中需要用助动词do或does。这种句型通常有一些标志词,如:usually often sometimes never always等。如:1. What do you have on Thursdays? We have English, math and science on Thursdays. 2. What do you do on Saturdays? I watch TV on Saturdays.3. When do you eat dinner? I eat dinner at 7:00 in the evening.4 Sometimes I visit my grandparents. I often play football.四、现在进行时句型:表示说话时正在进行的动作或事件,或在短期内正在进行的动作或存在的情况。标志词是:now 也常用在Look! Listen!等后面。句型主要结构为:be动词(am, is, are)+动词现在分词(v. ing)。如:1. What are you doing? I’m doing the dishes. 2. Is she counting insects? No, she isn’t.五、 一般过去时句型:表示过去发生的而现在已经结束的事件、动作或情况。句型基本结构为:主语+动词过去式+其他。标志词通常是:yesterday, last week , last year 等,在问句与否定句中要用助动词did。如:1.What did you do last weekend? I played football.2. Did you help them clean their room? Yes, I did.此外,一般过去时也可用来表示客气的询问。如:What would you like for lunch? I’d like some… 六、 情态动词can引导的句型:表示有能力做某事,can后面的动词要用原形。如:1. What can you do? I can sweep the floor. 2. I can water the flowers. 3. How can I get to the People’s Park? You can go by the No. 15 bus.七、 将来时:我们的教材中出现过两种表示将来时的句型,即:will和be going to句型,主要以be going to句型为主,表示将要做某事或打算做某事。句型主要结构:am/is/are + going to + v.原形。标志词有:tomorrow next weekend this morning this weekend next…be going to1. What are you going to do this weekend? I am going to visit my parents.2. When is she going to Paris? She is going to go there at 9:00 am.

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