凹凸威小姐
Oral translation is divided into consecutive and simultaneous interpretation.Consecutive InterpretationConsecutive interpretation is oral translation of a speaker?s words during sense-pauses made by the speaker. This type of interpretation is usually required at business negotiations with a limited number of participants and for brief public speeches. At major events with a large number of participants (conferences, seminars, symposia) simultaneous interpretation is used more frequently. This method of interpretation saves time and allows for presentation of speech in multiple languages.Simultaneous InterpretationSimultaneous interpretation is oral translation of spoken language into another language at the same time and same rate of speech as the speaker. As a rule, an interpreter is located in a separate booth and the translation is transmitted to earphones provided to each participant.Simultaneous interpretation has a number of indisputable advantages over consecutive interpretation: * permits the use of several languages at international events; * an event takes place «in real time», without unavoidable pauses. The contact with the audience is not interrupted, and it is much easier for listeners to understand the message when they hear it via their earphones in the native language. In addition to these obvious advantages, simultaneous interpretation allows to avoid extra costs associated with additional time of rent.
康茂暖通
1、翻译时注重词汇习得和记忆的完整性根据认知理论的信息处理原则,学习者作为认知活动的主体,对于现有的知识结构在认知过程中起着重要作用,在言语理论的认知过程中,语言学习者已有的知识经验能贵语言输入进行感知、领会、摄入与综合,当前输入的言语信息要与记忆中所存储的有关信息相整合,才能得到理解。如果缺乏相关信息,或者未能激活记忆中的有关信息,就不能或难于实现对言语的理解,更不用说用译语来进行再创造了。口译要求学生具有把听到的词、词组或句子记住并迅速加工成意群,然后作为一个意义整体记存起来,最后用译语进行信息切换的能力。这要求口译人员适应英语的语流,善于对连贯的英语表达作出快速反应,捕捉其大意。英语单词的音、形、义是相互依赖的整体,所以在习得词汇时一定要有多种感觉器官一起参与,加强对大脑的刺激,提高记忆活动的效率,为快速听音过程中的准确理解奠定基础。2、加强口译技能训练口译考试之所以难度较高,是因为它同时测试了考生的听解能力、口译能力、快速反应能力、翻译能力、笔记能力和将笔记上的内容复原成完整句子的能力。简言之,口以考试难就难在“智力协调运作。”因为每一项能力对考生来说都已经是一种挑战,更不用说把他们综合起来,均衡处理了。造成口译考试表现不佳的原因有时并不是语言素养的欠缺,而是技能训练不到位,导致考生疲于应付,顾此失彼,忽略了原语中的主要信息点,译错或者卡壳。所以,若想在口译考试中充分发挥自身的潜力,平时的技能训练也不可掉以轻心。3、加大输入,提高英语表达的自动化程度口译考核学生英汉双语的转换能力,即通过听音获得信息,经过思维对获得的信息加工和重组,然后用译语输出。这项任务只有在很强的口头交际能力之下才能完成。如果说英译汉的关键在于抓住意义,那么汉译英的要害则在于表达的完整和通畅。要想译出清晰、准确、地道的英文句子,最好的办法莫过于透彻了解和掌握英语族人的思维方式,再进行有效的模仿,因为一切语言活动都是从模仿和记忆开始,然后慢慢进入创造性活用的阶段的。长期不懈的模仿和记忆,能够提高讲话的速度和表达的自如性,建立心理优势,排除焦虑情绪。
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