企业工作号
英语语法基础知识：冠词
冠词是一个虚词,可分为定冠词,不定冠词和零冠词三类。我整理了英语语法基础知识：冠词，欢迎欣赏与借鉴。
(1)不定冠词：
a / an a unit / an uncle
元音开头的可数名词前用an :
an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock / an actor / an actress / an e-mail / an address / an event / an example / an opera / an houran old man / an interesting book / an exciting sport / an action movie / an art lesson /
(2)定冠词：
the the egg the plane
用法:
定冠词的用法：
(1)特指某(些)人或某(些)物： The ruler is on the desk.
(2)复述上文提到的人或物：He has a sweater. The sweater is new.
(3)谈话双方都知道的人或物：The boys aren’t at school.
(4)在序数词前： John’s birthday is February the second.
(5)用于固定词组中： in the morning / afternoon / evening
不用冠词的情况：
(1)专有名词前：China is a big country.
(2)名词前有定语：this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等：
This is my baseball.
(3)复数名词表示一类人和事：Monkeys can’t swim. They are teachers.
(4)在节日，日期，月份，季节前：Today is Christmas Day. It’s Sunday.
(5)一日三餐前：We have breakfast at 6:30.
(6)球类 棋类运动前：They often play football after class. He plays chess at home.
* 但乐器前要用定冠词：I play the guitar very well.
(7)学科名称前：My favorite subject is music.
(8)在称呼或头衔的名词前：This is Mr Li.
(9)固定词组中：at noon at night by bus
（3）零冠词，顾名思义，就是名词前不加任何冠词的情况。
1、 复数可数名词前不用任何冠词，表示泛指。
Horses are useful animals .马是有用的动物。
They are teachers. 他们是教师。
Children usually like to eat sweets. 小孩通常喜欢吃糖果。
My sister likes to read stories. 我妹妹喜欢读故事。
2、不可数名词前不用任何冠词，表示泛指。
Water is colorless .水是无色的。
Iron is one of the most useful metals. 铁是最有用的金属之一。
The world is made of matter .世界是由物质构成的。
People can't live without air .没有空气,人就无法生存。
3、 在称呼或表示官衔，职位的名词前不加冠词。例如：
Professor Li just came back from New Zealand. 李教授刚从新西兰回来。
Mr. Rieder likes tennis. 里德先生喜欢打网球。
What’s wrong with you, Father? 父亲，你怎么啦？
Doctor Smith sent me a birthday present yesterday. 史密斯博士昨天送给我一份生日礼物。
4、 在季节、月份、节日、假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前，不加冠词。例如：
Milk is liable to go bad in summer.牛奶在夏季易变质。
She was born on October 29th .她生于十月二十九日。
We go to school from Monday to Friday. 我们从星期一到星期五都上课。
New Year's Day 元旦 Women's Day 妇女节 Youth Day 青年节
On Sunday 在星期天 in winter 在冬天
5、 球类运动、游戏或表示三餐饭的名词前不用任何冠词。如：
He likes playing basketball and football. 他喜欢打篮球、踢足球。
After breakfast he goes to work. 早饭后他去上班。
The old are playing chess under the tree. 老人们在树下下棋。
We are invited to dinner in her family this evening. 我们今晚应邀去她的家吃饭。
6、 在大多数专有名词、泛指的抽象名词和物质名词前。如：
These planes are made in China. 这些飞机是中国制造的。
He is interested in science. 他对自然科学感兴趣。
We get heat and light from the sun. 我们从太阳得到热和光。
7、 前面已有人称代词、指示代词或不定代词作定语的名词前不用任何冠词。如：
My house is much bigger than his. 我家的房子比他的大多了。
This garden is newly built .这座花园是新建的。
Do you have any classes this afternoon? 今天下午你们有课吗？
We must make good use of our time. 我们要充分利用时间。
8、 当by与交通工具连用，表示一种方式时，中间无冠词。如：
by train 乘火车 by boat 乘船 by spaceship 乘宇宙飞船
on foot 步行 by bus 乘公共汽车
9、 某些习语或固定词组中的名词前不用任何冠词这种用法是约定束成的，我们只有遵从而无旁的选择。
go to bed 睡觉 go to school 去上学 in hospital 住院 in bed 在床上
at night 在夜间 for example 例如 place of interest 名胜 on show 展出
in surprise 惊奇地 from time to time不时地 in case 以防万一 in fact 事实上
in memory of为纪念 keep pace with 跟上…步伐
拓展：
英语语法的基础知识
一、英语语句基本结构分析：
主谓宾结构：
主语：可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy)，主格代词(如you)，动词不定式，动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家!
谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语，形成主谓结构，如：We come.
宾语：宾语位于及物动词之后，一般同主语构成一样，不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘代词宾格’，如：me，him，them等
例：The boy needs a pen.主语the boy，谓语needs(need的第三人称单数形式)，宾语a pen.
主系表结构：
主语：同‘主谓宾’结构。
联系动词(Link verb)：be动词(am,is,are,was,were,have been);其他联系动词如：become成为，turn变成,go变。其特点是联系动词与其后的表语没有动宾关系，表语多为形容词或副词，既，不可能是宾语。
表语：说明主语的状态、性质、等。可为形容词、副词、名词、代词、不定式、分词。当联系动词不是be，而其后是名词和代词时，多表达‘转变为’之意，注意与动宾关系的区别。
感官动词多可用作联系动词：look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好，smell bad/难闻
例：Tom is a boy.(Tom是个男孩)/主语为Tom,系词为be动词的第三人称单数is，表语为a boy
There be结构：
There be表示‘存在有’。这里的there没有实际意义，不可与副词‘there那里’混淆。
此结构后跟名词，表示‘(存在)有某事物’
试比较：There is a boy there.(那儿有一个男孩。)/前一个there无实意，后一个there为副词‘那里’。
二、定语：定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示。
定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。若修饰some,any,every,no构成的复合不定代词时，(如：something、nothing);或不定式、分词短语作定语、从句作定语时，则定语通常置后。副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。
形容词作定语：
The little boy needs a blue pen.(little修饰名词boy;blue修饰名词pen.)/小男孩需要一支兰色的钢笔。
Tom is a handsome boy./Tom是个英俊的男孩。
There is a good boy./有个乖男孩。
数词作定语相当于形容词：
Two boys need two pens./两个男孩需要两支钢笔。
The two boys are students./这两个男孩是学生。
There are two boys in the room./房间里有两个男孩。
代词或名词所有格作定语：
His boy needs Tom's pen./他的男孩需要Tom的钢笔。
His name is Tom./他的名字是汤姆。
There are two boys of Toms there./那儿有Tom家的两个男孩。
介词短语作定语：
The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours./教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔。
The boy in blue is Tom./穿兰色衣服的孩子是汤姆。
There are two boys of 9,and three of 10./有两个9岁的，三个10岁的男孩。
名词作定语：
The boy needs a ball pen./男孩需要一支圆珠笔。
It is a ball pen./这是一支圆珠笔。
There is only one ball pen in the pencil box./这铅笔盒里只有一支圆珠笔。
副词作定语：
The boy there needs a pen./那儿的'男孩需要一支钢笔。
The best boy here is Tom./这里最棒的男孩是Tom。
不定式作定语：
The boy to write this letter needs a pen./写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔。
The boy to write this letter is Tom./将要写这封信的男孩是汤姆。
There is nothing to do today./今天无事要做。
分词(短语)作定语：
The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother./那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔。
The pen bought by her is made in China./她买的笔是中国产的。
There are five boys left./有五个留下的男孩。
定语从句：
The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday./那个在阅读的男孩需要你昨天买的钢笔。
The boy you will know is Tom./你将认识的男孩叫汤姆。
There are five boys who will play the game./参加游戏的男孩有五个。
学好英语语法不仅能在考试中提高成绩，还能在以后的生活交流中提高语感和口语能力，能让你说出一句流畅的英语。
阳澄湖边
初中英语里冠词是比较特殊的，和动词等比起来会非常的简单，说它复杂，很多同学怎么学也学不会，下面就围绕着冠词的用法来为大家讲解，希望可以帮助到大家。
初中英语宝典之冠词用法
冠词的定义
冠词定义：对名词起泛指、特指、不定量或定量等限定作用的词。
作用：在名词之前起修饰限定作用。
冠词分类
不定冠词 a/an
用来表示这个冠词后面的名词是指某一类特定事物中的一个，但具体是哪一个并不重要
a :
用于以辅音(指发音而不是拼写)开头的单数可数名词
an:
用于以原音(指发音而不是拼写)开头的单数可数名词
A book An hour A university A park A dog
定冠词 the
用于名词前，表示特指，即某个特定的人或事物
Give me the pen on the desk. I love the girl in red.
Please fill in the form before leaving.
零冠词
指名词前不带冠词并且能单独使用的情况
表示抽象概念时复数名词和不可数名词前用零冠词; 专有名词，季节月份星期，头衔等用零冠词。
Dogs are friendly.
Teachers are well-respected. Beijing is the capital of China.
冠词的具体用法
（一）不定冠词a,an的用法如下：
a用于辅音音素开头的词前，an用于元音音素开头的词前。
值得注意的是：
A. 如果不定冠词后面第一个词以元音字母u开头就用a。例如university, useless, useful, unit, uniform。
B. 如果不定冠词后面第一个词以不发音的h开头，而h后面第一个音的音素是元音因素，就用an。例如hour, honest。
C. 如果不定冠词和名词前有其他词，不定冠词的形式仍取决于它后面第一个词的语音形式。例如an actress, a beautiful actress。
1表示人或事物的某一类(含义相当于一类事物的任何一个)
A dictionary is a useful book.
An underground train can start and stop quickly.
2用于表示数量、时间的名词前，表示“一”的意思，但数的概念没有one强烈。The plan will be ready in a day or two, once a week.
3．泛指某人或某物，但未具体说明何人、何物，如：
A boy is waiting for me.
Give me a pen, please.
4用于某些固定 短语 中
如： a few, a little, a lot of, a number of, just a minute, in a hurry, for a while, for a long time, a cup of, a bottle of, have a rest, have a talk, have a fever, have a good time, have(take) a walk, have a toothache, take a bath, give a lesson
（二）定冠词用法如下：
定冠词的用法如下：
1．指彼此都知道的人或事物，如：
Open the door, please.
Go and close the window.
2．特指某（些）人或某（些）事物，如：
The girl in red is my sister.
The man over there is our English teacher.
The book on the desk is mine.
3．指前面提到过的人或事物，如：
Here is a picture of a modern car factory. My father works in the factory.
4．用在序数词和形容词最高级前,在方位词前。如：
The Nile is the longest river in the world.
He won the first prize.
The sun rises in the east.
5．用在某些名词化的形容词，过去分词前，表示一类人或事物， 如：
the rich, the sick, the new , the false
6．用在某些专用名词前， 如：
the Great Wall
the People’s Republic of China
the United Nations
the Netherlands
7．在江河、海洋、山脉、湖泊、群岛的名称的前面，如：
the North China Plain
the Rocky Mountains
the Yangtse River
8．在一些用语中，如：
in the morning(/afternoon/evening), in the day, by the way, on the whole, the next morning, all the year around, the other day, at the same time
初中英语宝典之冠词用法
（三）不用冠词的情况
1．专有名词人名，地名，节日，月份，年份，星期和不可数名词(一般指物质名词和抽象名词)前一般不用冠词。如：
China, Beihai Park
2．名词前面已有用作定语的 this, that, my, your, some, any , no等代词作定语时，不用冠词。如：
The letter is from my father.
I have a book in my hand.
3．在复数名词表示一类人或事物时，如：
Horses are useful animals.
I like cakes.
4．在节日名称，（称呼语和表示官衔的名词前）星期、月份、季节前。如：
Today is Sunday.
Spring is the best season in the year.
Children’s Day
5．表示某一类人或事物的复数名词前。
6．球类，棋类，语言，三餐，游戏名称和颜色前不加冠词。如:
I like to play basketball.
We have lunch at school.
7．在表示家庭成员名称，称呼语，表示头衔或职务的名词前不加冠词。
8. 在某些固定搭配和习惯用语中，如：
go to school , be in hospital, be in prison
注意下列词组的区别， in fort of与in the front of, in hospital与in the hospital, at table与at the table, go to school与go to the school, a number of children=many children, The number of children =孩子的数量
复习时需要注意的要点
（1）在school, college, university, hospital, prison, church, class, table, bed等表示机构名称、组织名称和家具的名词前，用定冠词和用不定冠词意义有差异。用定冠词强调处所，而不用定冠词意义有所引申。比较：
at table 就餐
at the table 坐在桌边
go to school 去上学
go to the school 去这个学校
in hospital 住院
in the hospital 在这家医院
go to prison （违法而）进监狱
go to the prison 到监狱
go to church 做礼拜
go to the church 到教堂
in class 在课堂上
in the class 在班级里
（2）在某些词前用不同冠词（定冠词、不定冠词和零冠词），意义大不相同，例如：
a little/few 有一点
little/few 几乎没有
a number of 许多
the number of ……的数目
in front of 在……前面
in the front of 在……前部
take place 发生
take the place of 代替
out of the question 根本不可能
out of question 没有问题
the most beautiful 最漂亮
most beautiful 非常漂亮
for a moment 片刻
for the moment 暂时
实战演练
一、例题选讲
例1 There is “h” in word “photo”．
A． a，a B． an，the
C． the，an D． an，an
答案： B
提示： h虽然是辅音字母，但发的音是元音音素开头的，因此要用an，而word 是特指，所以后面要用the。
例2 She is honest girl．
A． an B． a
C． / D． the
答案： A
提示： “honest”中h是不发音的，因此这个单词是元音音素开头的。
例3 He goes to school after breakfast．
A． / B． the
C． an D． a
答案： A
提示： 在表示三顿饭前不用定冠词。
例4 Browns are going to visit Yangtse River. It is longest river in China and third longest river in world
A． The…the…the…the…the…the B． The…the…the…/…the…the
C． /…the…the…the…/…the D． The…/…the…the…the…the
答案： B
提示： the+姓氏的复数形式表示一家人，在江河、海洋、山脉、湖泊、群岛的名称的前面要用定冠词the，而形容词最高级前面通常要加定冠词the，the+序数词+最高级表示第几，而in the world表示在世界上。
冠词专题练习
一、选择填空
1. She is ____ girl. She is ____ English girl.
A. a, a B. an, a C. a, an D. a, /
2. Tom is ____ English. He is ____ English boy.
A. an, an B. / , an C. / , / D. a, a
3. ____ live in Room 208.
A. The Green B. Green C. The Greens D. Greens
4. January is ____ first month of the year.
A. a B. / C. an D. the
5. We should think of ____ old and ____ sick.
A. a, a B. an, a C. the, the D. /, /
6. ____ number of the students in our class is 52.
A. A B. An C. The D. /
7. She can play ____ piano, but she can’t play ____ football.
A. the, the B. the, / C. /, the D. a, a
8, There is ____ “s” in the word “six” and ____ “s” is the first letter of the word.
A. a, the B. a, an C. an, the D. a, a
9. A horse is ____ useful animal.
A. an B. a C. the D. this
10. He has already worked for ____ hour.
A. an B. a C. the D. three
11. Lucy wants to become ____.
A. some teacher B. a teacher C. teacher D. teachers
12. Hainan is ____ island, isn’t it?
A. the B. one C. a D. an
13. What do you usually do after ____?
A. the class B. class C. the classes D. a class
14. I’ll have to buy ____ trousers.
A. a B. two C. a pair of D. pair
15. I’ve thrown my old shoes away. I’ll have to buy ____.
A. a new pair B. a new one C. some new D. some new pair
16. My uncle told me he was going to visit ____.
A. the United State B. The United States C. United States D. United State
17. They failed six times, but they have decided to try____.
A. seven times B. the seven time C. the seventh time D. seventh time
18. Who are those boys? One is my brother and ____.
A. the big boy is Mike B. a big is Mike
C. the big boy is a Peter D. a big boy is a Peter
19. You will find ____ girl in black. She is ____ teacher.
A. a, the B. the, a C. a, a D. the, the
20. ____ birds can fly very high in ____ sky.
A. The, the B. The, a C. An, the D. A, the
21. I’m not looking at ____
A. sun B. sky C. the sun D. some sky
22. The little boy wishes to be ____
A. Lei Feng B. the Lei Feng C. this Lei Feng D. a Lei Feng
23. ____ have studied English in our school.
A. Most of students B. The most students
C. Most of the students D. Most students
24. Tom’s brother hit Bob on ____ nose.
A. his B. the C. its D. a
25. We are going to have an exam ____.
A. in the class B. in a class C. at the class D. in class
26. We have had ____.
A. good dinner B. a good dinner C. the good dinner D. good dinners
27. ____ fine weather we have today! Let’s go swimming.
A. What a B. How C. What D. How a
28. There’s ____ apple tree behind ____ house.
A. an, the B. a, a C. an, a D. the, the
29. We can see the sun in ____ daytime, but we can’t see it at ____ night.
A. a, the B. the, / C. a, / D. an, /
30. I saw ____ old man walking across the street and ___ old man looked worried.
A. an, an B. the, the C. an, the D. the, an
31. What ____ it is!
A. a heavy rain B. heavy rain C. a heavy rains D. heavy rains
32. ____ time we had at the party!
A. What wonderful B. What a wonderful
C. How wonderful D. How a wonderful
33. ____ tallest building in the town is ____ Bank of China.
A. The, the B. A, a C. The, a D. A, the
34. Little Tom looked at the big shark ____.
A. in the surprise B. in surprised C. in surprise D. at a surprise
35. ____ more carefully you ride, ____ fewer falls you’ll get.
A. The, the B. A, the C. The, a D. A, a
36. He has made____ decision that he will be ____ inventor some time.
A. a, the B. a, an C. the, an D. the, the
37. – We haven’t seen for ____ long time. Where have you been?
- I have been for ____ holiday with my parents.
- Have ____ nice time!
- Thank you.
A. a, the, a B. the, a, a C. a, a, a D. a, the, the
38. – Excuse me, can you tell me way to ____ Xinhua Bookstore?
- Go along this road, and then turn to ____ right at ____ first crossing, at ____ end of the street, you can find it.
A. the, a, the, the, the B. a, the, the, a, the
C. the, the, the, a, the D. the, the, the, the, the
39. Why nor take ____ friend with you? That’s ____ good idea.
A. a, the B. the, the C. a, a D. the, a
40. Take the medicine three times ____ day.
A. a B. the C. an D. /
41. English is ____ language. It is ____ important tool.
A. a, a B. a, an C. the, an D. a, /
42. Meimei has ____ high fever and his mother is looking after her.
A. a B. the C. an D. /
43. Lucy takes ____ walk after supper every day.
A. the B. a C. / D. an
44.Paper is made of ____ wood.
A. a B. the C. / D. that
45. ____ February is the second month of the year.
A. The B. A C. / D. an
46. We have no classes on ____ Sundays.
A. the B. a C. an D. /
47. I studied ____ English in ____ England.
A. /, / B. an, the C. an, an D. /, the
48. We go to school by ____ bus.
A. / B. a C. the D. an
49. These boys play ____ football after class.
A. a B. the C. an D. /
50. There is ____ bridge over the river, ____ bridge is made of stone.
A. a, a B. a, the C. the, the D. the, a
51. Sunday is ____ first day of the week.
A. the B. / C. a D. an
52. ____ Greens were having breakfast at seven this morning.
A. A B. An C. / D. The
53. She is one of ____ most popular teachers in this school. Every student loves her.
A. a B. the C. an D. /
54. There is ____ 800-metre-ong bridge over the river.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
55. ____ number of the students are playing ____ basketball on the playground.
A. A, a B. The, the C. The, a D. A, /
56. They often take a walk in ___ Bei Hai Park.
A. the B. a C. / D. this
57. The old man was ill in ____ hospital.
A. the B. / C. a D. an
58. There is no ____ book on the desk.
A. the B. a C. an D. /
59. Beijing is ____ capita of ____ People’s Republic of ____China.
A. a, the, the B. the, the, / C. the, the, the D. the, a, the
60. He started ____ school when he was seven.
A. the B. a C. an D./
61. He has ____ great deal of interest in ____ English.
A. a, an B. the, the C. a, / D. a, the
62. He is ____ cleverest boy in our school.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
63. She often spends much ____ time reading.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
64. Boys likes to go ____ boating.
A. a B. an C. / D. the
65．-Where’s nearest bookstore?-There’s one at end of the street.
A．the…an B．a…the C．the…the D．a…an
66． -What do you think of film “National Treasure”?
-It’s wonderful film, I think.
A．a…a B．a…the C．the…the D．The…a
67． S.H.E is going to sing at CCTV annual Spring Festival Evening Party
A．a B．an C．the D．/
68． There is “h” in the word “photo”.
A．a B．an C．the D．/
69．Please pay attention to your spelling. You’ve dropped “m” here.
A．the B．an C．a D．/
二、用适当的冠词填空
1. Thomas Edison was one of ____ greatest inventors on ____ world.
2. Man is ____ only animal that can talk.
3. Is this house ____ older of the two?
4. ____ earth moves around ____ sun.
5. I live in ____ northeast of China.
6. There are sixty minutes in ____ hour.
7. ____ honest boy is Jim, ____ friend of mine.
8. Children usually go to ____ school at ____ age of seven.
9. Here is ____ useful book to read.
10. Would you like ____ rice or ____ bread for your breakfast?
11. ____ poor are always happier than ____ rich.
12. He took me by ____ hand.
13. They have ____ son and ____ daughter. ____ son is a doctor and ____ daughter is a teacher.
14. ____ orange is orange.
15. He watched the student from ____ head to ____ foot.
16. What ____ interesting book it is!
17. ____ clouds over ____ sea were lovely yesterday.
18. There is ____ little milk in the fridge, I’ll go and buy some.
参考答案：
一、1C 2B 3C 4D 5C 6C 7B 8C 9B 10A 11B 12D 13B14C15A 16B 17C 18A 19B 20A 21C 22D 23C 24B 25D 26B 27C 28A 29B 30C 31A 32 B 33A 34C 35A 36B 37C 38D 39C 40A 41B 42A 43B 44C 45C 46D 47A 48A 49D 50B 51A 52D 53B 54B 55D 56C 57B 58D 59B 60D 61C 62C 63D 64C 65.C 66.D 67.D 68.B 69.B
二、1.the,the 2.the 3.the 4.The, the 5.the 6. an 7. The, a 8. /, the 9. a
10. /, / 11. The, the 12. the 13. a, a, The, the 14. An 15. /, / 16. an
初中英语冠词用法相关 文章 ：
1. 初中英语代词用法大全
2. 初中英语冠词的语法归纳
3. 冠词的用法总结大全
4. 英语初一上册的语法总结
5. 初中英语五种语法知识点总结
6. 中学英语零冠词的基础知识
7. 初一英语语法用法复习大全
8. 初中英语语法口诀
9. 初中英语语法大汇总
