中国革命英文

(the) experience from the revolution of China

1、电话………… 电话は日本から伝わった

“电话”是日本人生造的汉语词，用来意译英文的telephone。当初中国人对这个英文词采取了音译，译作“德律风”。在一段时期内，“电话”和“德律风”两种叫法通用，但后来，“德律风”的叫法湮灭了。关于这个译名，有一些有趣的资料。

20世纪初，一群在日本的绍兴籍留学生曾联名给家乡写一封长信，详细介绍了日本的近代化情形，鲁迅也名列其中。信中说到“电话”时，特意注释道：“以电气传达言语，中国人译为‘德律风’，不如电话之切。”

2、干部………… 明治年间、当时の干部の职责とは？

在古汉语中，“干”与“部”都可以指办事的官员，因此日语使用这两个汉字来意译法语的cadre，基本含义是一个组织里的骨干。汉语文献早在1901年的《明治政党小史》中就出现了“干部”一词。这是一本清留洋学生所译编，向中国人介绍日本政党活动情况的书籍。

1922年7月，中共第二次全国代表大会制定的党章首次使用了“干部”一词。此后，在党和国家机关、军队、人民团体、科学、文化等部门和企事业单位中担任一定公职的人员都称为干部。

3、佛系

它本源于日本杂志中提到的喜欢独处、排斥与异性交往的男子，但经过中国网友的转化后，特指不争不抢、随遇而安、不去计较的人，并衍生出“佛了”“佛系青年”“佛系生活”等一系列词汇。

4、哲学………… 哲学という言叶、西周の「百一新论」が初出

中国清代以前的文化典籍中并无哲学一词，只有单独存在的“哲”和“学”这两个动词。“哲”在汉语中的基本含义是明智、明理，指人们通过思想认识活动，使被遮蔽的智慧和道理显明出来。“学”在汉语中的基本含义是模仿、实习、再现。

1874年日本的学者西周在《百一新论》中用汉文“哲学”翻译英文philosophy一词，1896年前后黄遵宪、康有为将西周的译称介绍到中国，后渐渐通行 。

5、革命………… 中国革命党、かつて多くが日本に避难

“革命”一词在中国出现的时间很早，《易经》中就有“汤武革命，顺乎天而应乎人”一语。这里的“革命”一词意指用武力改朝换代。

日本明治维新开始后，采用了中国《易经》中的“革命”一词，来译读西方文明中代表历史前进的revolution一语，从太平天国以至兴中会，党人均沿用‘造反’或‘起义’、‘光复’等名辞。

1895年兴中会在广州失败，孙中山、陈少白、郑弼臣三人自香港东渡日本，三人在神户登岸购得日本报纸，中有新闻一则，题曰“支那革命党首领孙逸仙抵日”。孙中山说：“吾党以后即称革命党可也。”也就是说，自1895年，孙中山就接受了“革命”一词。

参考资料来源：人民网-日本舶来词//日本の舶来语

参考资料来源：人民网-网络流行语成文化符号（云中漫笔）

是 因为中国是一个有特色的社会主义个国家

八大王《酒歌》：杜康老儿酿神壶，豪情又适口，若要祛百病，为你那个添喜庆。它是谁，呐么嘟，三个水来一个酉，鼎鼎大名叫做酒，哎嗨哟。杜康老儿酿神壶，豪情又适口，倘若缺了它，李白杜甫诗也少。它是谁，呐么嘟，三个水来一个酉，一日三餐无所求，唯求每天不缺酒，呀呼嘿。

Over the long march of history is a topic, not in the spirit of a rich digging.Several million people from top to bottom, poorly equipped troops, 000 exceeded a million intercepted by the enemy.a serious barrier to overcome snow swamp, the patients survive beyond hungry, a division of the General Assembly force.The goal of the strategic shift.Looking at the details, from the Red Army on the battlefield, we can enrich and deepen the spirit of the long march.Research diary is a microscopic point of this long march from the window miracle.Read some of those involved long before the long march diary now read Lin Boqu, to be relevant, Tong Xiaopeng, Chen Bojun,Feng Xiao, Wei Guoqing, Li Li Lin, Xumengqiu long march while the others diaryI still wears glasses to read between the lines of these soldiers gunfire in a sparsely minute rush to write a few lines.Let rest about their spiritual stretch.Diary became their spiritual nutritious, way of life, spiritual walk, which is how bold and lovers!Chen Bojun look at the section on June 5, 1935 diary : "The GAN Chushan, under Deng Xiaoping son, Cliff taller, cliffs College,SHP mixed, ooze it deeply attached climbed GE vines and played hard : : I not only by crossing Ground absolutely dire straits,Instead, Northwest out-day, the east Chinese sources, the enemy hinges defensiveChi-sustaining. This is my mobility and strategic guidance for dramatic之 caused convinced brave soldiers. "hermoniousness clean characters, filled with the author striving calmly.calm and confident.Men's long march to the spiritual and cultural life is rich and varied.Cheng Fangwu a more rational than a written diary of the German edition of the "Communist Manifesto," delivered lectures,Xu Teli of universal literacy training and textbooks; Zhu is more active than the diary of a basketball game,Nie Rongzhen, the role of the drama "Lushan 之 Snow," interpretations of Deng Xiaoping on the "Krasnaya Zvezda" editor., had works on the polished wood; Diary of a lot more than the long march romantic poems.Mao's poems is his synthesizer : "The sky was clear and Poems South Feiyan. "Very small numberSobriety is not only the seeds of the high lonesome days a long way to a magnificent landscape width,Moreover, the authors describe the broadmindedness and calmly uncertainty about the Sentiment in the arms of the old liberated areas."Picture of iron, and now we start all over again, a sea of mountains, red blood. "In seeking the exercises.make plans for the space, his thoughts often beyond the battlefield, and sped Jiu-xiao, history and philosophy of time laments the fate of the Chinese nation.express compassion.Such cultural character of the long march troops, ethos, its magnificent weather in a more systematic policy on the display.Needless to say, the people carrying on the policy, and the people who went through thick and thin together, are not closely linked to the good relations like that.It's often been overlooked ethnic, religious, industrial policy has never highlighted an aspect of its height, visionvigor and vitality.Military Museum collections long march while the Red Army put up a lot of respect for minorities, the protection of religious and monasteries announcementslogan.Gansu, one of which was inhabited by the Hui nationality issued by the "17 to 10 are not allowed to" internal statement :"To protect the mosque back to protect the business to comply with the customs of Muslims. "" Muslims are not allowed to fight local tyrant.: : noise allowed in mosques around the "Red Army after the Guizhou Maotai Town,immediately pasted up in the wineries are not allowed to interfere with the normal operation of the announcement.This army, the leadership of such a policy from the very beginning, a fundamental placing themselves in historycultural and spiritual high ground.As a foreign writer said : "The long march is an epic poem,is unparalleled in the history of human activity. "only with the scale of the fighting power equipment, has always been one-sided;cohesion, solidarity, influence, spirit, determination, have been important elements of combat effectiveness.Have a political, cultural, spiritual and psychological advantages of the Red Army, its development, growth, and victory is inevitable.Everyone is irresistible.

Long march carrying forward the spirit of a new long march to continue (the speech) "expeditionary not afraid of the Red Army,As far as he had only lightly. "This bold passionate every time she heard the" long march septasyllabic ",I will come to the front of a group of scenes : Luding Bridge border, the Dadu River flows Prestige their brave act;snowy peaks, the pace Gaoshanjunling left their persistent determination; around a brilliant victory in the Chishui River recorded their smiles;force realignment will create a myth Ning dancing to congratulate them.Seventy years ago, our ancestors used their blood and lives of the "amazing, moving," long march song.After 1981, as the masters of the new century, how we will make the answer?Today, we revisit the long march of history, is not to call you again with DD that way long journey.Instead, we meant to be felt long march to grasp the spirit to carry forward the long march to inheritance,thus nurturing the spirit of our long march to a new era.Firm belief and the confidence to overcome difficulties to win the spiritual motivation.Long march en route to follow the foot of the Chinese ancestors solid land doom hands high the banner of national revitalization.Soaring hearts filled with the dream of the motherland.It is the belief that they will closely together, and build together crushed, and not be overwhelmed by a great wall of steel.It is the belief that sustains them through difficult maneuvers through, out of hope, out of a piece of the sky.Today, we face no grass and the snow, but the road ahead remains long and tortuous.Building a socialist harmonious society is the only way for China to move toward prosperity.Under the new historical conditions is a great and arduous long march again.Embark on a new long march, we also have a firm belief that the firm will and the confidence to win.Hard work, the revolutionary spirit is willing to sacrifice the fundamental guarantee victory.While long march, the powerful and sinister enemies of the natural environment before, it was precisely because of such a spirit of the Red Army, to conquer the difficulties and dangers.defeat a powerful enemy and won the final great victory of the Chinese revolution and make a brand-new path.Today, we enter the new century, it is not necessary that spirit?The joyful music, the fine spring day Fang Xin, Xun, sweet love, prosperity to the fanatics,difficult environment seems to have emerged away from us, but dear friends, you may have thought.With the passage of time not only our youth and our future ah Now that all the yearning and decorated.We need the spirit of hard struggle, be willing to sacrifice the needs of the spirit.With this spirit, we can easily flouted difficulties faced difficulties indomitable optimism to overcome difficulties,With this spirit, we can have a vibrant and progressive outlook and ability to stimulate innovation, entrepreneurship burning passionradiate an indestructible force.This spirit is the cornerstone of our life to glory.The long march 70 years ago, has as a symbol, into history, into the depths of our memory.And the long march over the years, like old wine in general lest the feelings in our hearts, lest the taste,our colorful life together delicacies.New century, new era, new hope that the new blueprint, everything is new.There are noble ones, as the new youth, you may have thought that in a new long march, how are loaded on the shoulders of our new vision?"Two of its summit, heaven and earth. "To the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, let us work together to bars.We work together to write a new long march.弘扬长征精神，继续新的长征（演讲稿） “红军不怕远征难，万水千山只等闲。”每次听到这首豪迈激昂的《七律·长征》时，我的眼前都会浮现出这样的一组场景：泸定桥边、大渡河畔珍藏了他们英勇无畏的身影；雪山草地、高山峻岭留下了他们坚毅执着的脚步；四出奇兵，赤水河记录着他们胜利后的笑容；三军会师，会宁载歌载舞恭贺他们创造人间神话。七十年前，先辈用他们的热血和生命谱写了“惊天地，泣鬼神”的长征之歌。七十年后，作为新世纪的主人，我们又会做出怎样的回答呢？ 今天，我们重温长征的历史，并不是号召大家再次用脚步去丈量那漫长的征程，而是要我们用心灵去感受去领悟长征精神，去传承去发扬长征精神，进而培育我们新时代的长征精神。 坚定的信念和必胜的信心是战胜困苦的精神动力。长征途中，先辈们脚下踏着华夏坚实的土地，手中高擎着民族振兴的大旗，心中升腾着祖国飞翔的梦想。正是这样的信念将他们紧紧地凝聚在一起，筑成一道摧不垮、压不倒的钢铁长城。正是这样的信念支撑着他们走过艰难，走过凶险，走出希望，走出了一片蓝天。今天，我们面前虽然没有了雪山和草地，但前进的道路依然漫长而曲折。构建社会主义和谐社会是中国走向繁荣富强的必由之路，也是在新的历史条件下又一次伟大而艰巨的长征。进行新的长征，我们同样需要有坚定信念，坚强的意志和必胜的信心。 艰苦奋斗、甘于奉献的革命精神是取得胜利的根本保障。长征途中，在强大的敌人和险恶的自然环境面前，红军正是凭着这种精神，征服千难万险，战胜了强大敌人，取得了最终的伟大胜利，为中国革命闯出了一条崭新的道路。今天，步入新世纪的我们，是否还需要这种精神呢？轻歌曼舞的欢乐，鸟语花香的芳馨，相敬互爱的甜蜜，灯红酒绿的痴迷，艰苦的环境似乎已离我们悠然远去，然而，亲爱的朋友，你可曾想到，伴随着时光流逝的不仅仅是我们的青春，还有我们绚烂的向往和似锦的前程啊。我们需要艰苦奋斗的精神，需要甘于奉献的精神。有了这样的精神，我们才能从容地藐视困难、顽强地面对困难、乐观地克服困难，有了这样的精神，我们才能以蓬勃向上的风貌，激发创新能力，燃烧创业的激情，焕发无坚不摧的力量。这样的精神是我们人生走向辉煌的基石。 七十年前的长征，已经作为一个符号，走进了历史，铭刻在我们记忆的深处。而岁月积淀的长征精神，却像古酒一般在我们的心中酿出了感情，酿出了味道，成为我们多彩人生的一道美味佳肴。 新世纪，新时代，新希望，新蓝图，一切都是新的。作为有着鸿鹄之志的新青年，你可曾想过，在新的长征中，我们肩上负载着怎样全新的理想？ “路漫漫其修远兮，吾将上下而求索。”为了民族的伟大复兴，就让我们一起努力吧，一起书写我们新的长征。

工人阶级是中国革命和建设的主力军，阐述是正确的。

一、工人阶级：

工人阶级（又称劳动阶级、劳动阶层等；英文：working class）通常用于表示社会地位与社会等级，无论何时，该阶层在社会所占比例最高，但是随着经济的发展，比例减少，一般为产业工人阶层为主。该术语没有一致的解释，主要依赖个人的立场与观点的不同来理解。比如美国划分阶级标准是依照经常性收入和就业率来确定。

二、工人阶级基本特点：

1、中国工人阶级身受三种压迫（帝国主义的压迫、官僚资产阶级的压迫、封建势力的压迫），而这些压迫的严重性和残酷性，是世界各民族中少见的；因此，他们在革命斗争中，比任何别的阶级来得坚决和彻底。在半封建半殖民地的中国，没有欧洲那样的社会改良主义的经济基础，所以除极少数的工贼之外，整个阶级都是最革命的。

2、中国无产阶级开始走上革命的舞台，就在本阶级的革命政党——中国共产党领导之下，成为中国社会里比较最有觉悟的阶级。

3、由于从破产农民出身的成分占多数，中国无产阶级和广大的农民有一种天然的联系，便利于他们和农民结成亲密的联盟。

工人阶级之所以成为国家的领导阶级，是由工人阶级的阶级性质和它肩负的历史使命所决定的。工农联盟是工人阶级和农民阶级的联盟，是我国的政权基础。以工农两个阶级的联盟为我国政权的基础，是由我国的基本国情决定的。工农联盟代表了我国人口的绝大多数，不但构成了人民民主专政的坚实基础，而且表明了人民民主专政政权充分的民主性和广泛的代表性。