英语图片推理

4 5．图表图画题 在有图表图画的阅读理解中，有的图表图画出现在阅读理解文章中，有的出现在选项中，这些图片的出现增加了试题的直观性，同时也暗含着和文章内容相关的信息。在解答此类试题的时候，一定要把握图表图画所暗含的信息，特别是有些事实是通过图表图画来叙述的，我们可以采用按图寻找正确答案的方法。 eg：The chart shows that from 2005 to 2008， ． A．the percentage of the Spanish families with a computer rose 35 points B．the percentage of the White families with a computer remained unchanged C．the number of the Black families with a computer was on the decrease D．the number of the Asian families with a computer showed the sharpest increase 【易错点、易混点归纳】 细节理解题是阅读理解的主要题型，在近几年高考阅读题中占到60%～70%。针对这一题型，信息错位是考生经济犯的毛病。问题在于考生在紧张的考试过程中阅读不细，未找准题目所依据的事实。另外，长句难句也是阅读理解的一大障碍，考生对某些长句难句理解不透彻，造成歧义。再者，考生没有对干扰项回原文进行验证。因此，了解细节题干扰项的特点也有助于考生提高答题的正确率。一般情况下，干扰项有如下几个特点： 1．文不对题：选项中的描述与原文完全一致，确属原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容； 2．主观臆断：选项内容是根据主观想象或推测得出的结论，符合常识，但不符合文章内容； 3．偷换概念：把原来做某事的“张三”换成“李四”，所述细节确实与原文一致，一不小心就会误选。 4．将原文内容扩大或缩小：与原文的内容极其相似，只是在范围或程度上有些变动； 5．无中生有：在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反； 6．选项内容部分正确，部分错误。 【应对方法】 1．“逆向法”。先读题干和四个选项，再根据内容筛选、提取有用信息。读题的时候，要抓住题干中的关键词，然后带着关键词仔细阅读文章相关内容。 2．“排除法”。排除选项时，注意与原文的异同，特别注意中心词的限定语，如名词的定语、动词状语等是否与原文一致，选项中的动词时态是否与原文一致。 3．对长句难句的处理鹫分析句子结构，明确主体成分，剔队长细枝末节。 5 推理判断题 1．细节推理题 抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断、结合上下文或上下句推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。在推断中，我们要严格依据作者所陈述的细节、事实，找出能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词语，然后利用自己已获得的相关知识进行推理判断，从而得出符合逻辑的结论。 （1）When she looked ahead，florence Chadwick saw nothing but a solid wall of fog．Her body was numb．She had been swimming for nearly sixteen hours．Already she was the first woman to swim across the English Channel in both directions．Now at the age of 34，her goal was to become the first woman to swim from Catalina to the California coast． On that fourth of July morning 1952，the sea was like an ice bath and the fog was so dense．She could hardly see her support boats．Sharks cruised toward her figure，only to be driven away by rifle shots．Against the frigid grip of the sea，she struggled on，hour after hour，while millions watched on national television． Alongside Flrence in one of the boats，her mother and her trainer offered encouragement．They told her it wasn’t much farther．But all she could see was fog．They urged her not to quit．She never had…until then．With only a half mile to go，she asked to be pulled out． What does“she never had …”in the third paragraph mean？ A．She had never been so desperate． B．She had never thought of giving it up． C．She had never seen such thick fog． D．She had never swum across the strait before． （2）Decision-thinking is not unlike poker—it often matters not only what you think，but also what others think you think and what you think they think you think．The mental process（过程）is similar．Naturally，this card game has often been of considerable interest to people who are，by any standards，good thinkers． The great mathematician John von Neumann was one of the founders of game theory．In particular，he showed that all games fall into two classes；there are what he called games of“perfect information”，games like chess where the players can’t hide anything or play tricks；they don’t win by chance，but by means of logic and skills．Then there are games of“imperfect information”，like poker，in which it is impossible to know in advance that one course of action is better than another． One mistaken idea about business is that it can be treated as a game of perfect information．Quite the reverse，business，politics，life itself are games which we must normally play with very imperfect information．Business decisions are often made with many unknown and unknowable factors（因素），which would ever puzzle best poker players．But few business people find it comfortable to admit that they are taking a chance，and many still prefer to believe that they are playing chess，not poker． An important factor in a game of imperfect information is ． A．rules B．luck C．time D．ideas 2．推测文章的观点或结论 6 推测文章的观点或结论的语言表达形式有： （1）It can be inferred from the passage that ． （2）What conclusion can be drawn from the passage？ （3）From the passage we can conclude that ． 这类问题问的不一定是全文的中心思想或作者的全部观点，而可能只是文章中的某一观点。但要推测出文中的某一观点，仍离不开对全文主要观点或中心思想的把握。

四个朋友住在一个小镇里,他们的名字是john,Miller,Smith 和 Carter他们都有着不同的工作,其中有一个人是农民,一个人是医生.星期二的一个下午John的儿子(Jobs son应该是John's son吧)摔断了腿.John送他去看医生,那医生的姐妹是Smith的老婆.农民没有结婚.农民他养了很多母鸡.Miller经常从农民那里买鸡蛋.警察每天都见到Smith因为他们是邻居. 现在问谁是警察,谁是厨师谁是农民,谁是医生?A John是____ B Mille是____ C Smith是___ D Carter是___我觉得...A John是____ policemanB Mille是____doctor C Smith是___ cookD Carter是___farmer首先,文段中提到John有儿子而且还送他去看医生,所以John肯定不是医生. 因为农民没有结婚,所以John(人家都有儿子了),Mille(人家还照顾农民伯伯滴生意呢~),Smith(人家都有老婆了~~~)都不是农民伯伯~.所以只有Carter有可能是农民~----Carter是___farmer因为Carter已经是农民了(什么叫"已经是啊"...)所以,他不可能是医生.因为医生的姐妹是Smith的老婆,所以Smith也不是医生.又因为john把他的儿子送去医生那里,所以,他自己也不可能是医生.那么就只剩下Mille了,那么毫无疑问,Miller就是医生.----Mille是____doctor 好了~现在只剩下两种职业了,一种是警察,一种是厨师.文段中有提到这样的一句话"警察每天都见到Smith因为他们是邻居. "所以Smith不可能是警察.所以Smith是厨师.----Smith是___ cook那么,只剩下John了,那他只有可能是警察----John是____ policeman>_<~~话说,偶打的真的好辛苦啊~~~在F一遍答案:A John是____ policemanB Mille是____doctor C Smith是___ cookD Carter是___farmer(像这种题最好用列表的方法来推......)

a警察b厨师c农民d医生翻译：四个朋友住在一个小镇,他们的名字是john,Miller,Smith 和Carter.他们有不同的工作,一个是农民,一个是医生.星期二下午john的儿子打破了他的腿, john带他看医生.医生的妹妹是Smith的妻子.这个农民没有结婚.他有许多母鸡.Miller总是从农民那买鸡蛋,警察每天看见Smith,因为他们是邻居.现在谁是警察?谁是厨师?谁是农民?谁是医生?理由：Miller总是从农民那买鸡蛋,说明他是厨师.这个农民没有结婚,说明不是john,Miller,因为john有儿子,所以是Smith .医生是Carter,如果是john,就不用带儿子看医生.剩下一个就是警察

选择D。汉语翻译出来即可。不过我感觉这题有点点小漏洞。不过不妨碍做。