英语古代神话故事

嫦娥奔月 Chang'e Flies to the MoonA long, long time ago, a terrible drought plagued the earth. Ten suns burned fiercely in the sky like smoldering volcanoes that scorched the trees and grass, cracked and parched the land and dried up the river. Many people died of hunger and thirst.The King of Heaven sent Hou Yi down to the earth to help. When Hou arrived, he took out his red bow and white arrows and shot down the nine suns, one after another. The weather immediately got cooler, heavy rains filled the rivers with fresh water, and the grass and trees turned green. Life was restored and humanity was saved.One day, a charming, young woman, Chang'e, was on her way home from a stream, holding a bamboo container. A young man approached her and asked for a drink. When Chang'e saw the red bow and white arrows around his belt, she immediately recognized him as the savior, Hou Yi. Offering him a drink, Chang'e plucked a beautiful flower and gave it to him as a token of respect. Hou, in turn, selected a beautiful silver fox fur as his gift to her. This encounter sparked their love for one another and they were soon married.A mortal's life, however, is limited, so, to enjoy a happy life with Chang'e forever, Hou decided to look for the elixir of life. Hou traveled to the Kunlun Mountains where the Western Queen Mother lived.Out of respect for his good deeds, the Western Queen Mother rewarded Hou with the elixir, a fine powder made from fruit kernels that grew on the tree of eternity. She told him that he and his wife would both enjoy eternal life only if they drank it together. If only one of them took it, he or she alone would ascend to the heaven and become immortal.Hou and his wife decided to drink the elixir together on the 15th day of the eighth lunar month when the moon was full and bright.But a wicked and merciless man named Feng Meng overheard their plan. He wished Hou an early death so that he could drink the elixir himself and become immortal. One day, when the full moon was rising, Feng killed Hou on his way home from hunting. The murderer then arrived at Hou's home demanding Chang'e to give him the elixir. Without a moment's hesitation, Chang'e picked up the elixir and drank every last drop of it.Overcome with grief, she rushed to her dead husband's side, weeping bitterly. Soon the elixir began to take effect and Chang'e felt herself being lifted towards the heaven.Chang'e decided to live on the moon because it was closest to the earth. There, she led a simple and contented life, although her heart remained in the mortal world. Chang'e never forgot her deep love for Hou and the people who had shared in their sadness and joys.It is said that Chang'e transformed herself into moonlight and descended onto the earth to offer good fortune. Thus, couples declare their mutual love under the full moon and separated lovers pray to be reunited under the full moon.嫦娥奔月：中国古代汉族神话传说故事，讲述了嫦娥被逼无奈吃下了仙药西王母赐给丈夫后羿的两粒不死之药后飞到了月宫的事情。有关嫦娥的神话传说，自东汉高诱注解《淮南子》才指出嫦娥是后羿之妻。后羿的妻子姮娥，演变为传说中的嫦娥(一作常娥)。嫦娥，中国上古时期汉族神话中的人物，上古时期三皇五帝之一帝喾(天帝帝俊)的女儿、后羿之妻，其美貌非凡。本称姮娥，因西汉时为避汉文帝刘恒的忌讳而改称嫦娥，又作常娥。又有称其姓纯狐，名嫄娥。神话中因偷食大羿自西王母处所求得的不死药而奔月成仙，居住在月宫之中。东汉之前，无任何资料显示嫦娥与羿是夫妻关系，直到高诱注解《淮南子》才指出嫦娥是后羿之妻。据说嫦娥与大羿开创了一夫一妻制的先河，后人为了纪念他们，演绎出了嫦娥飞天的故事，汉族民间多有其传说以及诗词歌赋流传。在道教中，嫦娥为月神，又称太阴星君，道教以月为阴之精，尊称为月宫黄华素曜元精圣后太阴元君，或称月宫太阴皇君孝道明王，作女神像。《吕氏春秋·勿躬》有句云“尚仪作占月”，清人毕沅作注说：“尚仪即常仪，古读'仪’为'何’，后世遂有嫦娥之鄙言。”另有观点认为：“姮娥”原先写成“恒娥”，即《山海经·大荒西经》所记“生月十有二”之常羲。

《嫦娥奔月》（中英文对照）

Legend says that there were once ten suns in the sky, which made plants wither, water in rivers and lakes run dry. It’s too hot to live on the sun.

相传，远古时候有一年，天上出现了十个太阳，直烤得大地冒烟，海水枯干，老百姓眼看无法再生活去。

Houyi, a young man who was good at archery was sympathetic with people’s torture so he decided to save them. He took out his bow, ascended up to the peak of the Kunlun Mountain and shot down nine of the ten suns one by one, and he might have shot the last one if it was not called off by others. Thus the severe drought was gone.

这件事惊动了一个名叫后羿的英雄，他登上昆仑山顶，运足神力，拉开神弓，一气射下九个多余的太阳。

Houyi thus was respected and honored by people as a hero. Young men who were fond of archery flocked to him to learn shooting.

后羿立下盖世神功，受到百姓，的尊敬和爱戴，不少志士慕名前来投师学艺。

Houyi later married a pretty lady called Chang’er and lived a happy life with her.

不久，后羿娶了个美丽善良的 妻子，名叫嫦娥。后羿除传艺狩猎外，终日和妻子在一起，人们都羡慕这对郎才女貌的恩爱夫妻。

One day on his way to a friend’ home in the Kunlun Mountain, Houyi came across the Heavenly Empress. Houyi was enamored of the happy life with his wife and wanted to be with her forever so he asked the Heavely Empress to give him some elixir. The elixir was strictly controlled off normal people. The Heavely Empress, however, moved by Houyi’s contribution and affection to love and gave him one. The drug was said very powerful and people who took it can fly to the heaven and became a immortal immediately. However, the content was only enough for one person and Houyi was reluctant to leave his beloved wife alone on the earth so he gave the elixir to Chang’er to preserve and wanted to seek another one for his wife. Chang’er carefully stored it in a wooden box while her action was peeked by the evil Fengmeng-one of his husband’s adherents.

一天，后羿到昆仑山访友求道，巧遇由此经过的王母娘娘，后羿因与嫦娥恩爱，想与她永远在一起，便向王母求一包不死药。但因此要凡间控制得严，王母被后羿的贡献和精神打动，就给了他医保，但是神药只够一个人吃据说，服下此药，能即刻升天成仙。然而药只够一个人吃，后羿舍不得撇下妻子，只好暂时把不死药交给嫦娥珍藏。嫦娥将药藏进梳妆台的百宝匣里，不料被蓬蒙看到了。

Three days afterward, Houyi lead his disciples to go out for hunting but Fengmeng who wanted to steal the elixir while Houyi was way, stayed at home deliberately.

三天后，后羿率众徒外出狩猎，心怀鬼胎的蓬蒙假装生病，留了下来。

No sooner as Houyi left his house, Fengmeng knocked into the courtyard where Chang’er was working. He wielded his glitter sword and threatened Chang’er to give him the elixir.

待后羿率众人走后不久，蓬蒙手持宝剑闯入内宅后院，威逼嫦娥交出不死药。

Chang’e had no better idea than swallowed the elixir herself.

嫦娥知道自己不是蓬蒙的对手，只得拿出不死药一口吞了下去。

As soon as she took it, chang’er flew from her house toward the heave and finally landed on the moon.

嫦娥吞下药，身子立时飘离地面、冲出窗口，向天上飞去。

Houyi was told what was happening in the evening when he returned home from bumper hunting. He was astonished, anguished and then very anger so he decided to kill the evil man. But Fengmeng had fled away. Chang’er was transferred to the moon and has lived there since ever.

傍晚，后羿回到家，侍女们哭诉了白天发生的事。后羿既惊又怒，抽剑去杀恶徒，蓬蒙早逃走了。嫦娥从此就在月亮上住了下来。

Chang'e decides to live on the moon because it is nearest to the earth. There she lives a simple and contented life. Even though she is in Heaven, her heart remains in the world of mortals. Never does she forget the deep love she has for Hou Yi.

嫦娥决定在月亮上住下来，因为月亮离地球最近。她在月宫里过着简单的生活。尽管她上了天宫，她的心还是在凡间。嫦娥从未忘记与后羿之间的爱。

1.潘多拉的盒子 Pandora's Box

潘多拉是希腊神话中第一个尘世女子。普罗米修斯盗天火给人间后，主神宙斯为惩罚人类，命令神用黏土塑成一个年轻美貌、虚伪狡诈的姑娘，取名“潘多拉”，意为“具有一切天赋的女人”，并给了她一个礼盒，然后将她许配给普罗米修斯的弟弟埃庇米修斯。

埃庇米修斯不顾禁忌地接过礼盒，潘多拉趁机打开它，于是各种恶习、灾难和疾病立即从里面飞出来。盒子里只剩下唯一美好的东西：希望。但希望还没来得及飞出来，潘多拉就将盒子永远地关上了。“潘多拉的盒子”被用来比喻造成灾害的根源。

Pandora was the first earthly woman in Greek mythology. After Prometheus had stolen fire from heaven, Zeus, the god of god, punished mankind by making a beautiful, hypocritical, and cunning girl from clay.

He named her Pandora, which means "woman of all gifts," and gave her a gift box. When epimetheus took the box in spite of taboos, Pandora opened it, and all sorts of vices, disasters, and diseases flew out of it.

There was only one good thing left in the box: hope. But before she could fly out, Pandora closed the box for good. "Pandora's box" is used to describe the source of the disaster.

2. 达摩克利斯剑 Sword of Damocles

达摩克利斯是希腊神话中暴君迪奥尼修斯的宠臣，他常说帝王多福，以取悦帝王。有一次，迪奥尼修斯让他坐在帝王的宝座上，头顶上挂着一把仅用一根马鬃系着的利剑，以此告诉他，虽然身在宝座，利剑却随时可能掉下来，帝王并不多福，而是时刻存在着忧患。人们常用这一典故来比喻随时可能发生的潜在危机。

Damocles was a favorite of the Greek mythological tyrant dionysius, who used to say that emperors were blessed to please emperors. On one occasion dionysius seated him on a throne of Kings, with a sword tied to his head by a mane, telling him that while he was on the throne, the sword could fall at any moment.

This idiom is often used to describe a potential crisis that may occur at any time.

3. 缪斯 The Muses

缪斯是希腊神话中九位文艺和科学女神的通称。她们均为主神和记忆女神之女。她们以音乐和诗歌之神阿波罗为首领，分别掌管着历史、悲剧、喜剧、抒情诗、舞蹈、史诗、爱情诗、颂歌和天文。古希腊的诗人、歌手都向缪斯呼告，祈求灵感。后来，人们就常用“缪斯”来比喻文学、写作和灵感等。

Muse is the universal name of nine goddesses of literature and science in Greek mythology. They are the daughters of god and goddess of memory.

Led by music and Apollo, the god of poetry, they were the masters of history, tragedy, comedy, lyric, dance, epic, love, ode and astronomy. Ancient Greek poets and singers all appealed to Muse for inspiration. Later, people often use the word "Muse" to describe literature, writing and inspiration.

4. 斯芬克斯之谜 The Riddle of the Sphinx

斯芬克斯是希腊神话中以隐谜害人的怪物，埃及最大的胡夫金字塔前的狮身人面怪兽就是他。他给俄狄浦斯出的问题是：什么东西早晨用四只脚走路，中午用两只脚走路，傍晚用三只脚走路？俄狄浦斯回答：是人。在生命的早晨，他是个孩子，用两条腿和两只手爬行；到了生命的中午，他变成壮年，只用两条腿走路；到了生命的傍晚，他年老体衰，必须借助拐杖走路，所以被称为三只脚。俄狄浦斯答对了。斯芬克斯羞愧坠崖而死。“斯芬克斯之谜”常被用来比喻复杂、神秘、难以理解的问题。

Sphinx is the Greek myth of the mystery to harm the monster, Egypt's largest khufu pyramid before the sphinx monster is him. The question he posed to Oedipus was: what walks four in the morning, two at noon, and three in the evening?

Oedipus replied: man. On the morning of life he was a child, crawling on two legs and two hands; At noon of his life, he becomes a man, and walks on only two legs; By the evening of his life, he was old and frail and had to walk on crutches, so he was known as a tripod. Oedipus was right. Sphinx was ashamed to fall off the cliff and die.

The sphinx puzzle is often used as a metaphor for complex, mysterious, and incomprehensible problems.

5. 皮格马利翁 Pygmalion

皮格马利翁是希腊神话中的塞浦路斯国王。他憎恨女性，决定永不结婚。他用神奇的技艺雕刻了一座美丽的象牙女像，并爱上了她。他像对待自己的妻子那样抚爱她，装扮她，并向神乞求让她成为自己的妻子。爱神阿芙洛狄忒被他打动，赐予雕像生命，并让他们结为夫妻。

“皮格马利翁效应”后来被用在教育心理学上，也称“期待效应”或“罗森塔尔效应”，比喻教师对学生的期待不同，对他们施加的方法不同，学生受到的影响也不一样。

Pygmalion was the king of Cyprus in Greek mythology. He hated women and decided never to marry. He carved a beautiful ivory statue with magical skills and fell in love with her.

He loved her as he treated his wife, dressed her up, and begged god to make her his wife. Aphrodite, the goddess of love, was so touched by him that she gave life to the statue and married them.

The Pygmalion effect was later used in education psychology, also known as the "expectation effect" or the "Rosenthal effect", to compare teachers' expectations of students with different methods applied to them and the influence of students.

1、Pandora’s box(潘朵拉的盒子) ：普罗米修斯(Prometheus)为人类盗来了天火，激怒了宙斯(Zeus)。Zeus决定惩罚人类，于是他命令火神造出一个美貌的女人 Pandora，让她去勾引Prometheus的弟弟埃比米修斯(Epimetheus)。结果Epimetheus上当，接近了 Pandora，Pandora于是就将手中的盒子打开，放出了里面的罪恶、灾难、疾病、不幸，只留下了“希望”在盒子里。于是Pandora’s box就成了“灾难的根源”的代名词。2、the sword of Damocles(达摩克利斯之剑)[3]：Damocles是叙拉古王朝的一位大臣，非常羡慕帝王的荣华富贵。一天，国王让他坐在王位上，在 Damocles的头上用一根头发悬一把利剑，告诉他王权的危险就象那把剑一样，随时可能降临。因此the sword of Damocles就成了“富贵中隐藏的危险”的同义语，也可以指形势危急，千钧一发。3、Damon and Pythias[3] ：Damon和Pythias是好朋友。Pythias出事被判了死刑，为了使他能够回家探视亲人，Damo留在牢中作人质，如果Pythias不按时返 回，就处死Damon。当期限满，临处刑之际，Pythias及时赶回。国王深受感动，将二人全部释放，因此，Damon and Pythias意思就是“生死之交”。4、Penelop’s web：源自史诗《奥德赛》(Odyssey)[4]。泊涅罗珀(Penelop)是奥底修斯(Odysseus)的妻子，以忠贞而著称。特洛伊战争持续 了十年，Odysseus在返家的途中又耽搁了十年。在这漫长的二十年中，许多王公贵族向Penelop求婚，她都托辞说必须等织完布后才能予以考虑，一 到晚上，她又将白天织好的布再拆开。因此Penelop’s web就成了一项永远也完不成的工作。5、apple of discord[5]：意思是“不和的根源、发生纠纷的事端”。佩琉斯和忒提斯举行婚礼时忘记了邀请不和女神厄里斯(Eris)。这位女神大为恼火，留下 一个刻有“献给最美者”的金苹果，引起了雅典娜、赫拉和阿芙罗狄忒的纷争。此事导致漫长的特洛伊战争(Trojan War)。6、Judgment of Paris[5]：意思是“不爱江山爱美人”。Eri不请自来到众神的聚会，离开时留下金苹果。三位女神为了争夺金苹果不分高下，决定让Zeus决定，宙 斯无法在自己的妻子、智慧女神和爱与美的女神之间抉择。为难之际，Zeu拨开云雾向人间看去，看到了Troy的二王子Paris正在牧羊于是将决定权交给 了Paris。三个女神分别以“最大的疆土”，“最智慧的头脑”和“最美丽的女人”作为诱惑，而最终Paris放弃了江山选择了Venus，获得了最美丽 的女人海伦。7、Helen of Troy：由于是Helen导致特洛伊城的沦陷，“Helen of Troy”就成了“红颜祸水，倾国尤物”的代名词。8、The Trojan horse[4]：意思是“用以使敌方或对手上当误以为于自己有益的破坏性的事物或人”。在特洛伊战争中，希腊人为了攻打特洛伊城，造了一匹巨大的木马， 其中藏有希腊士兵。他们故意装出弃木马逃走的样子，特洛伊人将木马作为战利品请进城。半夜，士兵们从木马内爬出，将城中的人杀死。特洛伊城陷落。The Trojan Horse经过不断引用已成为一个广泛流传的成语，常用来比喻the hidden danger(暗藏的危险)； the covert wreckers(内奸)：to engage in underhandactivities等意义。9、Stables of Augeas(奥革阿斯的牛圈)：意思是“最肮脏的地方：积累成堆难以解决的问题”。厄利斯国王奥革阿斯有牛数千头，牛圈三十年未扫。赫剌克勒斯 (Heracles)用一天时间将其打扫干净。10、Achilles’heel:希腊勇士，人与神的结晶。出生之后被母亲倒提着在冥河中浸过，除了足跟之外，全身刀枪不入。最终在特洛伊战争中死于 Paris箭下。Achilles’heel意指“金无足赤，人无完人”，特指唯一致命弱点、缺点。11、Swan song[3]：字面译做“天鹅之歌”，源于希腊成语Kykneion asma。在古希腊神话中，天鹅是阿波罗的神鸟，故常用来比喻文艺。传说天鹅平素不唱歌，而在它死前，必引颈长鸣，高歌一曲，其歌声哀婉动听，感人肺腑。 这是它一生中唯一的，也是最后的一次唱歌。因此，现代英语中这个习语比喻某诗人、作家、作曲家临终前的一部杰作，或者是某个演员、歌唱家的最后一次表演。 早在公元前6世纪，古希腊寓言作家伊索(Aisopos)的寓言故事中，就有“天鹅临死才唱歌”的说法。在英国，乔叟、莎士比亚等伟大诗人、剧作家，都使 用过这个成语典故。如:莎翁的著名悲剧《奥赛罗》(Othello)中塑造的爱米莉娅形象，她在生死关头站出来揭穿其丈夫的罪行。她临死时把自己比做天 鹅，一生只唱最后一次歌[6]。12、Under the rose：直译“在玫瑰花底下”。源自古罗马神话故事。爱神丘比特(Cupid)是爱与美之神维纳斯(venus红杏出墙和战神玛斯(Mars)所生的儿 子。为了维护其母的声誉，丘比特给沉默之神哈伯克拉底(Harpocrates)送了一束玫瑰花，请他守口如瓶，不要把维纳斯的风流韵事传播出去。哈伯克 拉底接受了玫瑰花就缄默不语了，成为名副其实的“沉默之神”。由于这个神话传说，古罗马人把玫瑰花当作沉默或严守秘密的象征，并在日常生活中相尚成风。人 们去串门做客，当看到主人家的桌子上方画有玫瑰，客人就了解在这桌上所谈的一切均不应外传。Under the rose于是有了“秘密地，私下地，暗中”的意义。英语词，希腊源apple of discord（不和的根源）不和女神艾瑞斯（Eris）在某个婚礼中投下一只金苹果，上面写着“送给最美的女神”。结果引起神后赫拉（Hera）、智慧女神雅典娜（Athene）和爱与美的女神阿芙洛狄特（Aphrodite）的争夺。最后她们去找特洛伊城（Troy）的王子帕里斯（Paris）裁决。三位女神向Paris许下了不同的诺言。Aphrodite许诺说她将把世界上最美的女人送给Paris，于是Paris就把鑫苹果判给了Aphrodite.Hera和Athene非常生气，发誓要报复特洛伊人。后来，Paris出使希腊的斯巴达，在Aphrodite的帮助下，勾引走了斯巴达王后海伦（Helen）——当时世界上最美丽的女人。Paris拐走了Helen，激起了全体希腊人的公愤，于是希腊各国组成联军，远征特洛伊人。战争中，Aphrodite支持特洛伊人，Hera和Athene支持希腊人。由一只苹果引发了战争，因此apple of discord意思就是“不和的根源，发生纠纷的事端”。 Electra Complex（恋父情结）爱烈屈拉因母亲与其情人谋杀了她的父亲，故决心替父报仇，最终她与其兄弟杀死了自己的母亲。 Achilles' heel（致命的弱点）阿基里斯（Achilles）幼年时，他母亲为了使他有不死之身，提着他的脚在冥河中将他全身浸过，使刀枪不能伤害他，唯独脚跟没有浸过冥河水，结果在同Paris作战时，被Paris用毒箭射中脚跟而死，因此Achilles' heel（阿基里斯之踵）就成了“致命的弱点”的同义语。 Helen of Troy（红颜祸水）特洛伊战争的最后一年，希腊人采用了“木马计”（the Trojan Horse），在Hera和Athene的帮助下，攻陷了特洛伊城。由于Helen导致了特洛伊城的沦陷，因此Helen of Troy就成了“红颜祸水，倾国尤物”的代名词。 the sword of Damocles（达摩克利斯之剑）Damocles是叙拉古王朝的一位大臣，非常羡慕帝王的荣华富贵。一天，国王让他坐在王位上，在Damocles的头上用一根头发悬一把利剑，告诉他王权的危险就象那把剑一样，随时可能降临。因此the sword of Damocles就成了“富贵中隐藏的危险”的同义语，也可以指形势危急，千钧一发； Damon and Pythias（生死之交）Damon和Pythias是好朋友。Pythias出事被判了死刑，为了使他能够回家控视亲人，Damon留在牢中作人质，如果Pythias不按时返回，就处死Damon.当期限满，临处刑之际，Pythias及时赶回。国王深受感动，将二人全部释放，因此，Damon and Pythias意思就是“生死之交”。 Pandora's box（潘朵拉的盒子）普罗米修斯（Prometheus）为人类盗来了天火，激怒了宙斯（Zeus）。Zeus决定惩罚人类，于是他命令火神造出一个美貌的女人Pandora，让她去勾引Prometheus的弟弟埃比米修斯（Epimetheus）。结果Epimetheus上当，接近了Pandora，Pandora于是就将手中的盒子打开，放出了里面的罪恶、灾难、疾病、不幸，只留下了“希望”在盒子里。于是Pandora's box就成了“灾难的根源”的代名词。 Penelop's web（永远也完不成的工作）是来自于史诗奥德赛（Odyssey）的一则成语：泊涅罗珀（Penelop）是奥底修斯（Odysseus）的妻子，以忠贞而著称。特洛伊战争打了十年，Odysseus在返家的途中又耽搁了十年。在这漫长的二十年中，许多王公贵族向Penelop求婚，她都托辞说必须等织完布后才能予以考虑，一到晚上，她又将白天织好的布再拆开。因此Penelop's web就成了一项永远也完不成的工作。 arachnid（蜘蛛类节肢动物的总称）Arachne是针织和刺绣技艺高超的少女，曾同Athene举行过刺绣比赛，因不堪忍受Athene的污染而自尽。Athene后来很后悔，又对她刺绣的手艺很敬佩，于是就将她变成为蜘蛛，永远地地织网。 atlas（地图集）Atlas（阿特拉斯）是泰坦（Titans）神族之一，因背叛Zeus而被罚以双肩扛天。由于荷兰地理学家黑凯托（Mercator）出版的地图集的扉页上，印有Atlas以双肩扛天的图片而得名“地图集”。 cereal（谷物）源于罗马神话中的Ceres（色列斯），她是掌管谷物和大地的女神，即希腊神话中的Demeter（狄米特）； daphne（月桂树）Daphne（达芙妮）是太阳神（Apollo）所爱恋的美女，喜欢恶作剧的爱神丘比特（Cupid）用金箭射中了Apollo，用铅箭射中了Daphne，金箭点燃爱情，铅箭熄灭爱情。这样，Apollo追求，Daphne逃避，最后Daphne无处可逃，化作了月桂树。Apollo悲痛万分，发誓要永远怀念她，让人们纪念她。Apollo司音乐、诗歌等，因此古罗马人便用月桂树枝条编成冠冕，奖励音乐、美术、体育竞赛和作战的胜利者，“桂冠”就成了优胜的标志和荣誉的象征。 hercules task（非常艰难的任务）阿波罗为了惩罚hercules，命令他为欧利瑟斯国王服务12年。其间，hercules完成了12件伟大而艰难的任务，最终修成正果被宙斯封了一个星座名叫武夫座。 hercules task在英语里来比喻非常艰难的任务。以make herculean efforts 来形容巨大的努力。hercules' choice 现在英语指代永垂不朽。原因是他在VIRTUE美德之神和PLEASURE欢愉之神之间，选择了美德，美德之神保证他能永生，最后通过hercules的努力，他永生了，成了天上的武夫星座。 Gordian knot（戈尔迪之结） 意思为棘手问题，难解问题。一个叫戈尔迪得农夫赶着牛经过一个名叫弗利吉亚的国家，被当地人选为了国王，原因是有一先知预言戈尔迪就是他们未来的国王。戈尔迪为了感谢天神宙斯，以牛车祭示宙斯，他叫人用树皮做成了一根坚固无比的绳子，并亲自打了一个结，这就是戈尔迪之结。戈尔迪留下遗言，谁能解开此结，他将能统治整个小亚细亚。后来有一个人用剑斩断了结，他就是后来征服了整个小亚细亚的亚历山大大帝。 narcissism（那西赛斯情结，自恋症）Narcissus是一名俊美的希腊青年，他拒绝了女神Echo的求爱,所以他注定会爱上他自己在湖中的倒影，作为惩罚。因为没法令他的爱变得完满，他日益消瘦，最后变成了一朵以他命名的花——那西赛斯，也就是水仙花。 cassandra complex（凯珊卓情结） 希腊神话中的女预言家，特洛伊国王普里阿摩斯的女儿。身为神殿女巫，她获阿波罗赋予预知命运的能力，但阿波罗要求与她发生肉体关系作回报，她拒绝了，阿波罗一怒下向她施以诅咒：凡她说出口的预言将百发百中，然而谁也不信以为真。城破后被希腊将领小埃阿斯俘虏。在希腊舰队归航途中船沉丧命。凯珊卓情结在心理学上指那些对尚未发生的灾难即将来临深信不疑的人。这样的人通常宣称自己能遇见未来的灾难，而当他试图劝说身边的人时却受到了周围的嘲笑和轻视，所以他是被自己能预见的灾难的能力和对现实的无能为力而倍受折磨的人。 Medusa（极度丑怪的女子） Medusa是希腊神话中的一个女妖，戈耳工三女妖之一。她的父亲是海皇波塞冬，母亲则为海妖怪刻托。她的头发都是蛇。据说她原是一位美丽的少女。因为美杜莎和智慧女神雅典娜比美，雅典娜一怒之下将美杜莎的头发变成毒蛇，变成面目丑陋的怪物；美杜莎最后被珀耳修斯取下首级，献给雅典娜，雅典娜将美杜莎的头嵌在神盾埃癸斯的中央。任何直望美杜莎双眼的人都会变成石像。后来美杜莎一词有“极度丑怪的女子”之含意。