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Chinese calligraphy----Regular script Regularscript (simplified Chinese: 楷书; traditional Chinese: 楷书; pinyin: kǎishū; Hepburn: kaisho), also called 正楷 (pinyin: zhèngkǎi), 真书 (zhēnshū), 楷体 (kǎitǐ) and 正书 (zhèngshū), is the newest of the Chinese script styles(appearingby the Cao Wei dynasty ca. 200 CE and maturing stylistically around the 7thcentury), hence most common in modern writings and publications (after the Mingand sans-serifstyles, used exclusively in print). Fig 1. Regular script Fig 2. Chinese characters HistoryRegular script came into being between the Eastern Hàn and Cáo Wèi dynasties,and its first known master was Zhōng Yáo(sometimesalso read Zhōng Yóu; 锺繇), who lived in the E. Hàn to Cáo Wèi period, ca.151–230 CE. He is known as the “father of regular script”, and his famous worksinclude the Xuānshì Biǎo (宣示表), Jiànjìzhí Biǎo (荐季直表), and Lìmìng Biǎo (力命表). Qiu Xigui[1] describesthe script in Zhong’s Xuānshì Biǎo as:…clearly emerging from the womb of early periodsemi-cursive script. If one were to write the tidily written variety of earlyperiod semi-cursive script in a more dignified fashion and were to useconsistently the pause technique (dùn 顿, used to reinforce the beginning or ending of a stroke)when ending horizontal strokes, a practice which already appears in early periodsemi-cursive script, and further were to make use of right-falling strokes withthick feet, the result would be a style of calligraphy like that in the"Xuān shì biǎo". Fig 3. Chinese characters of "Regular Script"in traditional characters. Sheng Jiao Xu byChu Suiliang: calligraphy of the Kaishu style. （其数然而天地苞/乎阴阳而易识者/以其有象也阴阳/处乎天地而难穷） However, other than a few literati, very few wrote inthis script at the time; most continued writing in neo-clerical script, or ahybrid form of semi-cursive and neo-clerical. Regular script did notbecome dominant until the early Southern and Northern Dynasties, in the5th century; this was a variety of regular script which emerged fromneo-clerical as well as from Zhong Yao's regular script, and is called"Wei regular"(魏楷 Weikai).Thus, regular script has parentage in early semi-cursive as well asneo-clerical scripts.The script is considered to have matured stylisticallyduring the Tang Dynasty, with the most famous andoft-imitated regular script calligraphers of that period being:· The early Tang fourgreat calligraphers (初唐四大家):· Ouyang Xun (欧阳询)· Yu Shinan (虞世南)· Chu Suiliang (褚遂良)· Xue Ji (薛稷)· "Yan-Liu"("颜柳")· Yan Zhenqing (颜真卿)· Liu Gongquan (柳公权) CharacteristicsRegular script characters with width (or length) largerthan 5 cm (2 in) is usually considered larger regular script, or dakai (大楷), and those smaller than 2 cm (0.8 in) usually smallregular script, or xiaokai (小楷). Those in between are usually called medium regularscript, or zhongkai (中楷). What these are relative to other characters. The Eight Principles of Yong are said tocontain a variety of most of the strokes found in regular script.Notable writings in regular script include:· The Records of YaoBoduo Sculpturing (姚伯多造像记)during the Southern and Northern Dynasties· The Tablet of GuangwuGeneral (广武将军碑) during the Southern and Northern Dynasties· The Tablet of LongzangTemple (龙藏寺碑) of the Sui Dynasty· Tombstone-Record ofSui Xiaoci (蘇孝慈墓志) of the Sui Dynasty· Tombstone-Record ofBeauty Tong (董美人墓志) of the Sui Dynasty· Sweet Spring atJiucheng Palace (九成宫醴泉铭) of the Tang DynastyDerivatives· Imitation Song typefaces (Chinese: 仿宋体; pinyin: fǎngSòngtǐ) are typefaces based on a printed style which developed in the Song dynasty,from which Ming typefaces developed.· The most commonprinted typeface styles Ming and sans-serif are based on the structureof regular script.· The Japanese textbooktypefaces (教科书体; Hepburn: kyōkashotai) are based on regularscript, but modified so that they appear to be written with a pencil or pen. They also follow thestandardized character forms prescribed in the Jōyō kanji.· Zhuyin Fuhao characters,although not true Chinese characters, are virtually always written with regularscript strokes.·
