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loversea2005

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倒装英语句子的语序通常是主语在前,谓语在后,这种语序称作正常语序或自然语序。但有时出于语法或达到某种修辞目的(强调、承上启下、平衡等)的需要,要把谓语动词放在主语前面,这种语序称作倒装(Inversion)语序。将谓语动词完全移至主语之前,称完全倒装(Full Inversion);如果只是把助动词或情态动词放在主语之前,称为部分倒装。1. there be结构的倒装在“there be”(或there + appear to be,come,exist, happen to be, lie, live, occur, remain, seem, seem to be, stand, used to be) 雪结构中,倒装形式为完全倒装。如:There were many students in the reading room in this evening.今晚阅览室里有许多学生。2. here,there,now,then等引起的倒装在以here,there,now,then等简短副词引起的句子中(前三个须用一般现在时),动词往往是be,come,go等时, 这类句子大多带有引起注意的含义。如:Here comes the bus.公共汽车来了。但要注意:如果主语是人称代词,则不用倒装。如:Here they are. 他们在这儿。 3. 省略if的非真实条件状语从句中的倒装虚拟结构中的条件从句省去if时,were, had, should须移至主语之前。如:Had you worked harder at college, you would have got better job.如果你在大学期间读书用功些,现在就会找到一份更好的工作。4. 副词so, neither, nor等引起的倒装在用so, nor, neither表示“也/不……”这一类结构里其公式是:肯定: so+be/have/助动词/情态动词+主语否定: Neither(nor)+be/have/助动词/情态动词+主语。如:—He has been to Beijing.他去过北京。—So have I.我也去过。—They can’t answer the question.他们不会回答这个问题。—Neither than I.我也不会。 5. what,how引起的倒装以What, how开头的感叹句(表语或宾语提前)。如:What beautiful weather (it is)!多好的天气啊!(表语提前)What a lovely picture he painted!他画了一张多好的画啊!(宾语提前) 6. 疑问词或连接词引起的倒装在疑问词或连接词whether等引起的从句中。如:Whatever you may say, I won’t go there.无论你怎样说,我都不会去那儿。(状语从句中宾语提前) 7. 否定词位于句首时引起的倒装(1). never,seldom,hardly,little,few等引起的倒装否定词never,seldom,rarely,hardly,barely,scarcely,little,few等位于句首时所引起的倒装句通常为部分倒装形式,如果谓语动词为be的一般现在时或一般过去时,则为完全倒装形式。如:Never shall I forget the days when you were with us. 我很少有时间去看电影。(2). nowhere,no longer,no more等引起的倒装nowhere(无处),no longer(不再),no more(也不)等否定词位于句首时所引起的倒装句通常为部分倒装形式,如果谓语动词为be的一般现在时或一般过去时,则为完全倒装形式:No longer was he in charge of this work.他不再负责这项工作了。(3). not until,not a,not in the least等引起的倒装not until(直到……才),not a(一个……也没有),not in the least(一点儿也不),not for a minute/moment(一点儿也不)等位于句首时,通常引起倒装(not a之后的名词作主语时除外),其形式通常为部分倒装形式,如果谓语动词为be的一般现在时或一般过去时,则为完全倒装形式。如:Not until all the demands had been turned down did the workers decide to go on strike. 一直到所有的要求遭到拒绝之后,工人们才决定罢工。(4). under no circumstances,by no means,in no way等引起的倒装in/under no circumstances(无论如何不),by no means (决不),in no case (无论如何不),in no way (决不),on no account (决不可),on no condition(决不)等短语位于句首时所引起的倒装句通常为部分倒装形式,如果谓语动词为be的一般现在时或一般过去时,则为完全倒装形式。如:In no case must force be resorted to. 决不准许诉诸武力。8. 关联连词位于句首时引起的倒装(1). not only...but also引起的倒装not only...but also位于句首所引起的倒装句为部分倒装形式,如果谓语动词为be的一般现在时形式或一般过去时形式,则为完全倒装形式。如: Not only should we not be afraid of difficulties, but also we should try our best to overcome them.我们不仅应该不怕困难,而且应该尽最大努力去克服它们。(2). neither...nor引起的倒装neither...nor位于句首引起的倒装句为部分倒装形式,如果谓语动词为be的一般现在时或一般过去时,则为完全倒装形式。如:Neither Peter wanted the responsibility,nor did his wife.彼得不想担此责任,他妻子也不想担此责任。(3). hardly...when/no sooner...than引起的倒装hardly/scarcely/barely...when或no sooner...than位于句首所引起的倒装句为部分倒装形式,如果谓语动词为be的一般现在时或一般过去时,则为完全倒装形式。如:Hardly had he arrived when/No sooner had he arrived than he was asked to leave again. 他刚到就又被请走了。(4). so...that引起的倒装so...that位于句首所引起的倒装句为部分倒装形式,如果谓语动词为be的一般现在时或一般过去时,则为完全倒装形式。如:So angry was he (He so angry) that he couldn’t speak.他如此愤怒,以致说不出话来。(5). such...that引起的倒装such...that位于句首所引起的倒装句为部分倒装形式,如果谓语动词为be的一般现在时或一般过去时,则为完全倒装形式。如:Such was the force of the explosion that all the windows were broken.爆炸的威力如此之大,以致所有的窗户都被震破了。 9. only引起的倒装当副词only位于句首并修饰状语或宾语时,引起句子的倒装,其形式通常为部分倒装,如果谓语动词为be的一般现在时或一般过去时,则为完全倒装。如:Only in this way can you solve this problem.只有用这种方法,你才可以解决这个问题。10. 表语位于句首时所引起的倒装当作表语的形容词、副词、介词短语等位于句首时,常常引起倒装,其形式为完全倒装:Aristotle says,“Plato is dear to me,but dearer still is truth.”亚里斯多德说,“吾爱柏拉图,但更爱真理。”11. 状语位于句首时所引起的倒装(1). 当位于句首的状语是一些表示地点的介词短语或表示运动方向的副词(如away,back,down,in,off,out,up)时,常常引起倒装,其形式为全部倒装。如:Away went the runners.赛跑手们刷地跑开了。(2).介词短语作地点状语,放在句首,后面跟的是不及物动词be,come,sit live,stand,lie,exist等时常常引起倒装,其形式为全部倒装。如:Next to the table is a chair.桌旁有把椅子。12. 状语从句中的倒装(1).让步状语从句中的倒装as引导的让步状语从句中的倒装:在as引导的让步状语从句中,位于句首的可以是形容词、名词、副词,还可以是谓语动词的一部分,从而形成从句的部分倒装。如:Tires as he was, he continued the work.虽然他累了,但是仍然继续工作。(2).方式状语从句中的倒装as引导的方式状语从句一般为正常语序,但是,如果主语比谓语长,可将谓语动词置于主语之前,形成完全倒装。如:He believed,as did all his family,that the king was the supreme lord.他和他全家人一样,都认为国王是至高无上的君主。(3).比较状语从句的倒装than引导的比较状语从句中的倒装:由than引导的比较状语从句一般为正常语序。但是,如果主语较长,可将谓语动词置于主语之前,形成完全倒装:Western Nebraska generally receives less snow than does eastern Nebraska.内布拉斯加西部地区的降雪通常比东部地区少。 13. the more...,the more...结构中的倒装在以the more..., the more...引导的倒装结构中,采用部分倒装;如果主句的主语较长,可将谓语动词置于主语之前,形成完全倒装。如:The more books you read(宾语提前),the wider your knowledge is(表语提前).书读得越多,知识就越渊博。

英语倒装句知识点

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老鼠笨笨

倒装句是我们在读高中时学到的一个英语语法的知识点,也是一个重点知识。下面是我给大家整理的英语语法倒装句,供大家参阅!

当主语在谓语前出现时叫顺序(the natural order)。在某些情况下,我们可以把谓语成分放在主语前面,这种词序叫做倒装( the inverted order)。

倒装分两种:配合语法条例的倒装,叫“grammatical inversion”;配合强调语势的叫“emphatic inversion”。

语法上的倒装句是强制性的,包括下列 7 种:

1、疑问句,如:

Can you do it?

How old are you?

When did you know him?

Why did you elect him as captain?

Which of these apples do you prefer?

但疑问代词做主语时,不必倒置,如:

Who is your English teacher?

What happened last night?

2、表示“愿望”的句子,如:

May God bless you.

Long live the king!

3、“There”引导的句子,如:

There are many cars on the road.

There stand some big trees near the river.

There is a security guard outside the bank.

4、感叹句,如:

How beautiful the flower is!

What a smart boy you are!

5、有连接词“so, neither, nor”的句子,如:

Tom can ride a bicycle; so can I.

She can't sing; neither can he.

John has never been late; nor have I.

6、省略连词“if”的条件副词分句,如:

Were I you, I would not do such a thing.

Should the machine break down again, send it back to us.

Had you worked harder, you would have passed.

7、“as, however”连接的让步副词分句,如:

Small as the pen is, it is a powerful weapon.

However busy you are, you should spend some time reading Zaobao weekly.

谈过了语法上的倒装句,现在谈强调的倒装句。

Never have I seen such a wicked man.

On no account must this employee be removed.

Not until he told me had I heard anything of it.

No sooner had I left than the rain came.

Up jumped the puppy.

In came John.

Down fell the rotten branches from the tree.

Out came a woman and her maid.

完全倒装把谓语动词放在主语前面为完全倒装。在高三英语倒装句中,谓语是单个的动词(即没有助动词或情态动词),其时态为一般现在时或一般过去时。在下列情形中出现完全倒装。部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词倒装至主语之前。没有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词do、does、did,并将其置于主语之前。

完全倒装结构及用法

一、具有“地点”意义的副词、时间意义的副词,以及能表移动方向的副词放在句首,句子的主语是名词,谓语是连系动词或表示“位置移动”的单个不及物动词时,该动词放在主语前面。如:There goes the bell.

注意:当主语是人称代词时,尽管副词在句首,主谓不倒装。如:Out they rushed.

二、具有“方位”意义的介词短语或副词短语在句中作状语或表语放在句首,谓语是连系动词be,以及表示“位于、存在”或“位置移动”的单个不及物动词时,该动词放在主语前面。如:Among the hens is a big cock.

三、作表语的形容词或分词放在句首时,连系动词放在主语前面[英语语法]。如:Present at the party were the ladies in the big city.

四、全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。全部倒装常见结构有:

1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。

There goes the bell.

Then came the chairman.

Here is your letter.

2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首,谓语表示运动的动词。

Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.

Ahead sat an old woman.

注意:上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词,如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。

Here he comes. Away they went.

部分倒装结构及用法

把谓语的助动词、情态动词放在主语前面为部分倒装。在下列情形中出现部分倒装。

一、把“so ... that ...”句型中的“so + 形容词 / 副词”部分放在句首时,be动词或助动词放在主语前面。如:

So frightened was the girl that she daren't move an inch further.

二、用so,neither或nor构成的特殊句型,表示另一人或物也具有和前面提到的同样情况时,出现部分倒装。如:

Jim asked the question. So did Lily.

三、把具有“否定”意义的词语放在句首时,出现部分倒装。如:

Never shall I forget your advice.

四、注意下面几种情形的倒装:

1. “only + 状语从句”和“not until + 从句”位于句首时,在主句中进行倒装。如:

Not until the child slept did the mother leave the room.

2. “not only...but also...”连接两个分句,not only位于句首时,倒装在not only所在分句进行。如:

Not only were the children moved but also the adults showed their pity.

3. “no sooner...than...”句型中的no sooner位于句首时,倒装在no sooner 主句中进行;“hardly / scarcely...when...”句型中的hardly位于句首时,倒装在hardly / scarcely主句中进行。如:

No sooner had I gone in the house than it began to rain.

4. 当if引导从句表示虚拟语气时,if可省,再把从句中的were,had或should放在主语前面,形成部分倒装。如:

Had we been present, such a thing would not have happened.

5. 当as引导让步状语从句时,参照下面的形式进行特殊倒装。如:

Proud as these women are, they still look very weak. (作表语的形容词提前)

Student as he is, he often works in the factory. (作表语的名词提前,同时省去不定冠词a)

Hard as she worked, she couldn't support her family. (修饰谓语动词的副词提前)

Try as he would, he might fail again. (带助动词的谓语动词提前)

五、部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词倒装至主语之前。没有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词do, does或did,并将其置于主语之前。

1)句首为否定或半否定的词语,如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until…,not only…(but also), hardly/scarcely…(when), no sooner…( than) 等。

Never have I seen such a performance.

Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.

Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.

Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.

Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.

No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.

2) so, either, nor作部分倒装

Tom can speak French. So can Jack.

If you won''t go, neither will I.

3) only在句首要倒装的情况

Only in this way, can you learn English well.

Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.

Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed.

4) as, though引导的倒装句

as / though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前 (形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前)。

Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.

Young boy as he is, he knows a lot about basketball teams.

Hard as it was, they reached the peak of the mountain.

5) 其他部分倒装

1)so… that 句型中的so 位于句首时,需倒装。

So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.

2)在某些表示祝愿的句型中:

May you all be happy.

3)在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词,可将if 省略,把 were, had, should 移到主语之前,采取部分倒装。

Were I you, I would try it again.

常见考法 1. not until 引导时间状语(从句)时的倒装;

2. 含so 的句子倒装与不倒装的区别;

3. only引导状语或状语从句时的倒装;

4. 虚拟条件句省略If时的倒装。

误区提醒

1) Not until the early years of the 19th century___ what heat is

A. man did know B. man knew C. didn't man know D. did man know

解析:答案为D.否定词not在句首,要求用部分倒装的句子结构。

2) Do you know Tom bought a new car?

I don't know, ___.

A. nor don''t I care B. nor do I care

C. I don't care, neither D. I don't care also

解析:答案为B.句中的nor引出部分倒装结构,表示"也不"。由 so, neither, nor引导的倒装句,表示前一情况的重复出现。其中, so用于肯定句, 而 neither, nor 用在否定句中。

3) --- You forgot your purse when you went out. --- Good heavens, ____ .

A. so did I B. so I did C. I did so D. I so did

解析:错选A。 本题空处不表跟前面情况一样,只是对上述情况的随声附和,所以不用倒装。正确答案B。

4)Only when the war was over ____ to hometown.

A. did the soldier return B. the soldier returned

C. returned the soldier D. the soldier did return

解析:only 引导状语或状语从句时主句要用部分倒装。此题为一般过去时,须在主语前加did, 故正确答案为A。

5) ____ for the free tickets, I would not have gone to see films so often.

A. If it is not B Were it not C. Had it not been D. If they were not

解析:错选A。此题关键是前后时态要呼应。本题是一个虚拟条件句,根据主句的时态,应该是对过去情况的虚拟,所以往前推一个时态的话,应该是过去完成时。故正确答案为C。

330 评论(13)

易叉叉叨叨

初三的英语语法是很重要的,阅读理解能否拿高分就一定要学好语法句子。 英语重要知识点一:全部倒装句 把谓语部分全部放在主语之前,叫做全部倒装。 1. 在there/ here + be(或表示状态的动词)结构中使用全部倒装句式。例如: There are some flowers in the picture. 图画里有些鲜花。 There is only bread and water. 只有水和面包了。 Long long ago, there lived a king. 很久很久以前,那里住着一位国王。 Here is a letter for you. 这儿有你的一封信。 注意:be动词一般应与主语部分的第一个名词在数上保持一致。 2. here, there, not, then, thus, in, up, away等副词位于句首时,谓语动词常用come, go, lie, run等,要用全部倒装。例如: Here comes the bus! 公共汽车来啦! Out ran the children! 孩子们跑出来了! 注意:如主语是人称代词,则只把副词提到句首,主语和谓语的位置不变。例如: There he is! 他在那儿! Here they come! 他们来了! Away she went. 她走了。 3. 如果把句子中的地点状语提前,谓语动词为be, sit, come, lie, stand等时,需要全部倒装。例如: On the hill stands a temple. 山上立着一座庙宇。 4. 表语出现在句首时,为了保持句子的平衡,强调表语或使上下文衔接,常用全部倒装结构。例如: Gone are the days when they could do what they like to the Chinese people. 他们对中国人民为所欲为的日子一去不复返了。 Covering much of the earth’s surface is water. 覆盖在地球表面的主要是水。 5. 直接引语的一部分或全部放在句首时,需全部倒装。例如: Xiao Ming made great progress last term, said his teacher. 他的老师说:上学期肖明取得了很大进步。 但如果主语为代词或谓语还有其他词修饰时,则不能倒装。例如: What are you doing? he asked. 他问:你在做什么? 6. 介词短语做表语时可以使用倒装句式,表示强调。例如: At the head of the queue was an old woman. 排头的是位老太太。 英语重要知识点二:部分倒装 只把助动词、情态动词或系动词放在主语之前,叫部分倒装。 1. 在一般疑问句和特殊疑问句中常用倒装句。例如: Is Lily singing or dancing? 莉莉是在唱歌还是在跳舞? What does your mother do? 你妈妈是干什么的? 2. 否定副词或半否定副词(如:no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, rarely, nowhere等)位于句首时,或否定副词短语(如:in no way, on no account, at no time, in no case, by no means等)位于句首时,句子用部分倒装。例如: Never in my life have I heard such a thing. 我生平从未听过这样的事儿。 3. 以否定句not only... but also, no sooner... than, hardly/ scarcely... when等开头的关联结构置于句首时,句子要部分倒装。例如: No sooner had I gone out than he came to see me. 我一出去,他就来看我。 4. 在so... that, such... that句型中,如so, such位于句首,则前半句倒装。例如: So busy is he that he has no time to play with his daughter. 他这么忙,以至于没有时间陪他女儿玩。 5. 频度副词always, often, once, only等出现在句首时句子常用倒装结构。例如: Not always can people do what they want to. 人们并不总能做他们想做的事。 但当only修饰状语不位于句首时,或位于句首的only修饰的不是状语,而是主语,则不倒装。例如: Only a doctor can do it. 只要一个医生就能做到。 6. 在以so开头的句子中,使用倒装句式可以使所表达的意思更趋简洁,其汉语意思为也。例如:He can ride a bike, and so can I. 他会骑自行车,我也会。 She saw it, and so did I. 她看见了,我也看见了。 注意:(1)如果前句的谓语动词是实义动词,倒装结构中用助动词do,does或did;如果前句的谓语中含有be动词、助动词或情态动词,倒装结构中则要根据其主语使用相应的动词。例如: He can do it, and so can I. 他能做到,我也能做到。 He is working hard, and so are we. 他在努力工作,我们也在努力工作。 (2)有时so可以表示对前句内容的进一步肯定,意思相当于是的;的确如此,此时不可使用倒装结构。例如: They will have a good time this evening. 他们今晚会玩得很愉快。 So they will. 的确如此。 It’s fine today, isn’t it? 今天天气不错,是吗? Ah, so it is. 啊!的确如此。 7. 在以neither/ nor开头的句子中,常常使用倒装句式,表示也不。例如: Tom didn’t watch TV last night. Neither/ Nor did I. 汤姆昨晚没看电视,我也没看。 They haven’t been to Australia. Neither/ Nor have I. 他们没去过澳大利亚,我也没去过。 8. 连词as引导让步状语从句时,从句需采用倒装结构,这时往往把动词、形容词、名词、副词或分词提到主语之前。结构为:名词(不加冠词)/形容词/副词/动词/分词+ as +主语+谓语。例如: Young as he is, he knows a lot. 尽管他很年轻,但是他知道很多。 Surrounded as we were by the enemy, we managed to fight our way out. 尽管被敌人包围了,我们还是设法冲了出来。 9. 在含有were, should, had的虚拟条件句中,可以省略if而把这三个词提前。例如: Had you told me earlier, I could have done better. 如果你早点告诉我,我可以做得更好。 Were I you, I would try it again. 如果我是你,我会再尝试一次。 10. such作表语置于句首时,部分倒装。例如: Such is my teacher. 我的老师就是这样的。 11. 在as和than引导的缩略式比较状语从句中也常采用倒装结构。例如: He was a Catholic, as were most of his friends. 他是天主教徒,他的朋友也大多数也是天主教徒。 She traveled a great deal, as did most of her friends. 她经常旅行,她的朋友大多数也是这样。 12. 程度副词so及其所修饰的成分出现在句首时,句子也常用倒装结构。例如: So frightened was he in the darkness that he did not dare to move. 他在黑暗中是如此害怕,以至于不敢动。 13. 在某些表示祝愿的句子里。例如: May you be happy!祝你幸福! 英语重要知识点三:倒装有两种 将主语和谓语完全颠倒过来,叫做完全倒装(Complete Inversion)。如:In came a man with a white beard. 只将助动词(包括情态动词)移至主语之前,叫做部分倒装(Partial Inversion)。如:Only once was John late to class. 英语句子的倒装一是由于语法结构的需要而进行的倒装,二是由于修辞的需要而进行的倒装。前一种情况,倒装是必须的,否则就会出现语法错误;后一种情况,倒装是选择性的,倒装与否只会产生表达效果上的差异。下面本文就拟从其修辞功能谈谈倒装句的用法。 一、 表示强调: 倒装句最突出、最常见的修辞效果就是强调,其表现形式如下: 1. only +状语或状语从句置于句首,句子用部分倒装。 eg.Only in this way can you solve this problem. 只有用这种方法,你才可以解决这个问题。 eg.Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake.只有当他已经说出那个字后才意识到自己犯了个大错误。 2. not, little, hardly, scarcely, no more, no longer, in no way, never, seldom, not only, no sooner等具有否定意义的词或词组位于句首,句子用部分倒装。 eg.No sooner had I got home than it beg.an to rain. 我刚到家就下起了雨。 eg.Seldom do I go to work by bus. 我很少乘公共汽车上班。 3. so / such...that结构中的so或such位于句首可以构成部分倒装句,表示强调so /such和that之间的部分。 eg.So unreasonable was his price that everybody startled. 他的要价太离谱,令每个人都瞠目结舌。 eg.To such length did she go in rehearsal that the two actors walked out. 她的彩排进行得那么长,以致于那两个演员都走出去了。 以上各例子都用倒装语序突出了句首成分,其语气较自然语序强烈,因而具有极佳的修辞效果。 二、 承上启下 有时倒装可把前一句说到的人或物,或与前一句有联系的人或物在下一句紧接着先说出来,从而使前后两句在意思上的关系更加清楚,衔接更加紧密,起到承上启下的作用。 eg.They broke into her uncle's bedroom and found the man lying on the floor, dead. Around his head was a brown snake. 他们破门进入她叔叔的卧室,发现他躺在地板上死了。一条棕褐色的蛇缠在他头上。 eg.We really should not resent being called paupers. Paupers we are, and paupers we shall remain. 我们确实不应因为被称作穷光蛋而愤愤不平。我们的确是穷光蛋,而且还会继续是穷光蛋。 三、 制造悬念,渲染气氛 在新闻或文学创作中,有时为了内容的需要,或是为了强调,作者常常运用倒装来制造悬念,渲染气氛。如: Hanging on the wall was a splendid painting. 墙上挂着一幅精美的图画。 再如朗费罗(Longfellow)《雪花》中的一节: Out of the bosom of the Air, Out of the cloud-folds of her garments shaken, Over the woodlands brown and bare, Over the harvest-fields forsaken, Silent, and soft, and slow, Descends the snow. 在这一节诗里 ,诗人就富有创意地运用了倒装。在前五行中 ,诗人堆砌了七个状语,状语连续出现而主语和谓语却迟迟未露 ,造成一种悬念效应。全节读罢 ,读者才对诗歌的主题恍然大悟 ,因而收到了不同凡响的艺术效果。 四、 平衡结构 英语修辞的一个重要原则是尾重原则,即把句子最复杂的成分放在句尾以保持句子平衡。在语言使用中为了避免产生头重脚轻、结构不平衡的句子,我们常采用倒装语序。 1. 以作状语的介词短语开头:当主语较长或主语所带修饰语较长时,为了使句子平衡,常将状语置于句首,句子用完全倒装语序。 eg.To the coal mine came a com-pany of PLA soldiers with orders from the headquarters to rescue the trapped miners. eg.A company of PLA soldiers came to the coal mine with orders from the headquarters to rescue the trapped miners. 一个连队的解放军战士来到了那座煤矿,奉司令部之命解救受困的矿工。 eg.On the ground lay some air conditioners, which are to be shipped to some other cities. eg.Some air conditioners lay on the ground, which are to be shipped to some other cities. 地上放着一些空调,等着用船运到其他城市去。 从例句中可看出, 采用倒装语序的A句结构平衡稳妥 ,读起来自然流畅,而采用自然语序的B句结构零乱, 读起来也别扭。因而,在主语较长时就应采用倒装语序以取得理想的表达效果。 2. 以表语开头的句子:有时为了把较长的主语放在后面,须将表语和谓语都提到主语前。 eg.Such would be our home in the future. 我们将来的家就是这个样子。 3. 以副词here , there开头的句子,也采用完全倒装来保持句子平衡。 eg.Here is the letter you have been looking forward to. 你盼望已久的信在这儿。 五、 使描写生动 有时为了使叙述或描绘更加生动形象,增加语言效果,可将表示方向的副词(如:down, up, out, in, off, on, away等)或拟声词(bang, crack等)置于句首,句子采用全部倒装的语序(主语为人称代词的句子除外)。 eg.Up went the rocket into the air. 嗖地一声火箭就飞上天了。 eg.Down jumped the criminal from the third floor when the policeman pointed his pistol at him. 当警察把手枪瞄准那个罪犯时,嘭地一下他就从三楼跳了下去。 eg.Boom went the cannon! 轰隆一声大炮开火了! eg.Bang came another shot!砰!又是一声枪响! 以上句子简洁明快 ,生动逼真地描述了有关动作 ,令我们一览此类倒装的风采。但这种倒装句的修辞功能在语段中可以体现得更为清楚。 Stop thief! Stop thief! There is a magic cry in the sound. The tradesman leaves his counter, ... Away they run, pellmell, helterskelter, yellingscreaming, ... Stop thief ! Stop thief ! The cry is taking by a hundred voices, ... Away they fly, splashing through the mud, up go the window, out run the people. ( Dickens ) 作者在第一段和第二段中分别用副词away, up和out位于句首引出四个倒装句Away they run , Away they fly, up go the window , out run the people。从而制造出一种紧张、急促的气氛 ,生动地刻画了一个紧张、混乱的捉贼场面。 倒装是英语中一个重要的修辞手段。倒装句的使用丰富了我们的语言表达,了解并掌握倒装句各种句式的用法 , 不仅会提高我们对英语语言的欣赏能力 , 对英语表达能力的提高也将大有裨益。因此,写作中适当用一些倒装句式定会使文章表达更生动、有力。

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