四级英语例句分析

Apologizing by email 动名词短语做主语/is 系动词/something （that 或者which） I now totally【 】表语，含省略了that或which的定语从句。发邮件道歉是我现在完全（）的事情。可以根据意思选填，例如：完全理解的事情：Apologizing by email is something I now totally【understand】

— or you just borrow it from someone — 是插入语，不参与全句的语法结构，必须抽出来。然后，I是主语，really believe是谓语动词，后面全部是名词性that-分句作宾语从句。从句中，the core idea of making是主语，is是谓语动词（系动词），后面全部是分句的并列结构整个作主语补语（表语）。并列结构中，是4个并列的不定式分句，an idea within your head、to develop it、it、it分别是4个不定式分句中的宾语。really是believe的修饰语，修饰后构成动词词组作谓语动词。really不是状语，才符合语法结构的层次关系。本句没有状语。多数的语法书把really说成是状语，与科学的语法理论不符。

1强调，使突出显著的意思，译文：baron 和同事们都说：当前充分显示出面部年龄和潜在可避免的环境因素之间关系的发现……2将省略的成分补充完整为he has calculated a formula that he claims delivers the monetary equivalent of the value of various milestones in life ，他已经预言了他曾宣称的法则---这个规则和生活中各种里程碑的财政价值相当3这里进行了两种人的比较，someone 和than 后面的另一个someone进行比较，第一个someone后面的成分都是修饰它的， someone （主语）leaving university（现在分词作后置定语） who already has the skills （定语从句作为第二重修饰成分）needed to work in an industrial lab （needed之后 的成分修饰skills）has （第一个someone的谓语） far more potential （主句的宾语）in the job market than someone who has spent all the time on a narrow research project.（后面简单了，我不说了）4altogether为总而言之，完全地，全部地的意思，相当于totally，它的意思是，如果全部不可能

1.baron and colleagues say the current findings,which highlight ties between facial aging and potentially avoidable environmental factors.这句话里highlight是什么意思，怎么翻译啊 回答：highlight:强调的意思。奔和同事都说目前的发现，强调了面部年龄和潜在的可避免的环境因素之间的联系。2。he has calculated a formula he claims dilivers the monetary equivalent of the value of various milestones in life.怎么划分句子成分？怎么claim和deliver两个动词放在一起了，这句子大概什么意思？？回答：句子意思为：他已经猜想到他宣布的法则，解释了生活中多种里程碑相等的金钱价值。he claims修饰formula,拆开来看，此句为：he has calculated a formula he claims。这应该可以理解吧！然后再看，既然he claims修饰的是formula，那么中心词为formula，后面的dilivers the monetary equivalent of the value of various milestones in life.是formula的定语从句。3.so someone leaving university who already has the skills needed to work in an industrial lab has far more potential in the job market than someone who has spent all the time on a narrow research project.这句话句子成分怎么划分，有点看不懂回答：这句话的意思是：所以即将离开大学的，那些已经具备在工业实验室工作的人，在人才市场 上比那些将所有时间都花在狭窄的研究项目上的人，更有潜力。此句话，先找主谓宾，主语：someone，谓语 has， 宾语 potential。现在再来看这句话就简单多了。如第二题，句子分开来看，leaving university 修饰 someone，so someone leaving university=so someone (who is) leaving university, 这样可以理解吧？再看后面，同样 leaving university 修饰 someone，所以中心词为someone，后面的who already has the skills needed to work in an industrial lab 为修饰 someone 的定语从句。谓语has 宾语 potential 与其他同学做了比较，用的比较级，后面的someone 后的who has spent all the time on a narrow research project.也是一个定语从句。这个应该可以理解吧！4.climatological change is a period that is making seasonal weather predictions and agricultural planning more and more difficult ,if not altogether impossible..后面的if not altogether impossible是啥意思？？回答：这句话的意思是：气候的变化是一个使季节气候预测和农业计划变得越来越难的时期，如果完全不可能。if not altogether impossble.同样，分开来看。 if possible。如果可能的话。否定：if impossible。这句话能理解吧？altogether： 副词，有完全、全然的意思；也有总而言之的意思。用总而言之时，常用语句首，相当于 in a word;用在句中时，用完全、全然的意思。经验之谈，希望可以帮到你！

四级经典句型关于利弊、优缺点的句型： 1. S+have (or has) a lot of advantages over…(与…相比有许多优点) Compared with B, A has (or have) many advantages。 2)英语好是她的长处。 She has the advantage of good English。 2. be of great benefit to sb./sth. (对…有益) 3. …benefit sb./sth. (对…有好处) 译：这家新医院对整个社区有利。 Benefit from sth. (由于…而受益) 译：我们将从技术发明中受益。 4. …do (a lot of) good to sb. (对…有许多好处) 译：早晨锻炼对你很有好处。 …be good for sb./sth. (对…有益) 译：蔬菜和水果有利人的健康。 …do damage to sth. (对…造成损坏) 译：这次地震对城市建筑损坏严重。 5. …be as (not so) good as…, What he does is not so good as what he says。 6. …not so much…as…(与其说…, 不如说…。) 7. It benefits us in many ways/respects。 8. Doing sth. is beneficial to… 1. While…has so many advantages, we should not ignore the problems it brings us。 2. Just as a coin has two sides, everything has its advantages and disadvantages。 说明原因的句型： two some many for… to… 1. There are good reasons Example: There are two reasons for the changes in people’s living conditions. First, we have been carrying out an opening and reform policy. Second, our national economy is developing rapidly and the birth rate has been put under control。 2. We have two good reasons for… Example: We have many good reasons to object to smoking in public places。 3. The reason for…is that + Example: The reason for my being late was that I missed the bus。 4. Several factors are responsible for the phenomenon。 5. Their opinion is based on the fact that… 6. Those who are in favor of the …believe that… 7. These/ The following are my reasons for my choice。 表示不同看法的句型： opinions views have hold question problem matter 1. Different people different t on this Some believe that… Others argue that… Still others maintain that… 2. They are quite different from each other in their opinions。 3. Some people hold the opinion that it is good to have a small family。 4. They think quite differently on this question。 5. Which opinion is right / more reasonable? I’m inclined to accept the latter/ the second view。 6. My opinion is that there is something in both of the views。 7. With regard to the question, I think a correct attitude is (that)… 8. In my opinion, whether it is good or bad depends on how we look at it。 Example: Parents and children think differently on this question. Parents hold that children should work hard and do well at school. Children, however, maintain that they should have more freedom to spend their leisure time and to plan for their own future。 表示措施、办法、怎样做打算： 1. We should take effective/ drastic measures to stop/ prevent / protect… 2. Faced with such a situation, what shall we do? 4. Perhaps the best choice is the combination of the two… 5. There are several ways to cope with the problem。 6. the government should make strict regulations/ laws to ban such practice/ to stop this phenomenon from spreading。 7. It’s urgent for us to do something about this。 8. We should spare no effort / try every means to…

一． 上升增长 1．…add up to… 增加了 eg. The total amount of … added up to 14 billion pounds(14%) in 1994. 2． to jump to / to soar to.. 一跃达到/ 猛增到… eg. The total working days lost soared to 10 million in 1979. 3．…an increase of about…percent as compared with.. 与…相比大约增加了… eg. In August as many as 39 car accidents were reported, indicating an increase of about 79% as compared with the number of January. 4．…to experience an increase/incline …有了增长 eg. Tobacco consumption is experiencing an incline. 二． 下降，减少 1．…to sink/drop/reduce to… 减少到… eg. The rate of strikes sank/dropped to the lowest point in 1979. 2．…to experience a decrease/decline …有了减少 eg. Tobacco consumption is experiencing a decrease. 注意： 修饰上升/减少的副词有： rapidly slowly dramatically respectively 表达上升/减少的最后状态的词有： the highest peak the lowest point 10 million 10% 三． 起伏 1．…to go up and down …起伏不定 eg. The strike rate went up and down during the period from 1952 to 1967. 2．There be ups and downs …有起有伏 eg. Between 1972 and 1979, there were several ups and downs in （某方面）. 四． 稳定 1．…to remain steady/level/unchanged …保持稳定，几乎不变 eg. The rate of …remained steady (fairly level/almost unchanged) during the four years from 1963 to 1967. 2．…to level off (vi.) eg. After a steady decline for a whole decade, the …rate shows signs of leveling off. 注意： 修饰起伏或稳定状态的副词有： almost fairly 可以用于表达起伏，稳定状态的句子中的词组或句型： the general situation was not worsening show indications of improvement it can be predicted that… eg. The rate of …remained steady during the four years from 1963 to 1967,and it can be predicted that the general situation was not worsening. eg. The rate of …remained steady during the four years from 1963 to 1967,showing signs of improvement in … 五． 成正比，反比 1．…be in direct /inverse ratio to/with 与…成正比/反比 eg. Male illustrations are in direct ratio to /with the advancement of grades, while female illustrations are in inverse ratio. 六． 占百分之几，几分之几 1….to form/comprise/make up/constitute ….percent …占百分之… eg. Women comprise more than 50% of the US.population. eg. Females make up only 24% of the illustrations whereas males constitute 76%. 2．…to form/comprise/constitute a half/third/fourth of……占…的1/2,1/3,1/4 eg. Female illustrions form less than a fourth of the total. 3．…account for…percent 占百分之几 eg. ……, accounting for approximately 20 percent of… 七． 倍数 1．A be …times as much/many as B eg. The annual rainfall of Hunan is 5 times as much as that of Sichuan. 2．A doubles/is half/triples B A是B的两倍，一半，三倍 eg. The annual rainfall of Jidda doubles that of Janta, but is only half the amount of rain Kuwait receives each year. 附一 圆盘比例型图表 例： 一个圆盘显示了大学生在food, books, transportations, entertainment, clothes, unknown中的开销，它们各自占的比例依次是60%,3%,5%,10%,10%,12%，要求你描叙这个圆盘图。 描述: 2005-12-23 01:34 回复 61.174.147.* 2楼The above pie chart consists of 6 segments, the largest one representing food, which accounts for 60% of the total. Clothes and entertainment each takes up 10%. 5% goes to transportation and 3% books. All the rest expenses, 12% of all ,is spend on unknown items. 总结写作模式： …pie chart consists of…segments, the largest one representing…,which accounts for …of the total.…each takes up….…goes to….All the rest…, …of all,……. . 八.原因结果 1….(结果)…, owing to (原因) [owing to 为分词结构] 2….(结果)…, attributable to（原因） [attributable to为形容词短语] 3….(结果) lie in the fact that（原因） [ 同位语从句 ] 4….（结果）result from（原因） [句型一般] 5. It is precisely because （原因）…that （导致结果）… [强调结构] 6. …, as a result, …（导致结果）… [as a result做插入语] 7. （原因）be responsible for（结果） [常见句型] 8. （原因），which in turn（结果） eg. They give rise to unfair competition, which in turn throws original businesses into a commercial panic. 九．采取措施，提出建议 1. My suggestion to deal with/solve/relieve the problem are as follows. In the first place,…. Secondly,…. Finally,… [常见句型] 2. If we let the situation go as it is, …. By that time, …. 如果让这种情况继续发展下去，那么……。到那个时候，……。[比较好的句型] 3. More and more people are realizing the importance of…[进行时态， more and more比many好] 4. Great efforts/More measures/Due attention must be taken/paid to do …[ 被动语态，due attention 和be paid to 搭配] 5. If……, will there be anything that can make me even happier? 如果（我们怎么怎么做），那将没有比这令我更高兴的了。[条件句，反问句] 6. It is important/necessary/urgent/desirable(希望)/advisable(明智) for sb. to do sth. [It is …for …to do…句型] 7. enhance the awareness of people that… 8. The first nut for us to crack is… 我们首先要解决的是……。 [比The first thing we should do is … 句型 高级的多，精彩的多，生动的多] 9. ……as soon as possible [常见句型] 10. sth. be of the utmost importance [ be of n. 结构， 比sth. be much important好] 十．方式，比较 1. (Just) as …, so… 正如… [ 比较句型 ] eg. Just as water is the most important of liquids, so air is the most important of gases. 2. in much the same way/manner that… 正如…, 和…一样 eg. The Americans spend Christmas Day in much the same way that the Europeans do. 十一. 让步 1. now that …… 既然…… [让步从句] eg. Now that the decision has been made, we must try our best to carry it out. 2. unless…not… [ 让步从句] eg. It is a vicious cycle and unless you consider these social, economic and environmental problems in one context, you are not serious about meeting the challenges. [注意例句中的consider sth. in one context句型:把什么事情放在一起加以综合考虑] 十三. 强调句 1. only [既是强调句,又是倒装句] eg. Only in this way can you hope to improve the present situation. 2. It is …that… eg. It is because he was too careless that he failed in the exam. 3. nothing but 只不过；只有…