英语词根pear

前一篇列举完前缀，这篇开始后缀。讲真，后缀比前缀有意思多了。 前缀一般不改变词根词性，但是也有例外。后缀则不然，后缀改变词性。依据所构成新词的词性，将后缀分为四大类，分别为名词后缀，形容词后缀，副词后缀。下面一一列举。超多的。一、名词后缀，即加上后缀后的新词词性为名词。这一类后缀又根据词根词性的不同，分为 （一）放在名词后面 1、 将名词转化成具体名词 -eer meaning skilled in/ engaged in engineer 工程师 profiteer 牟取暴利的人 mountaineer 登山运动员-er meaning as dominant characteristic, denizen（居民） of teenager 青少年 Londoner 伦敦人 glover手套制造商 northwester 西北风-ess meaning female hostess 女主人 priestess女牧师-ette meaning compact (小巧的） kitchenette 小厨房 dinette 小餐食 cigarette 香烟 （看来cigar挺大支的）-ette also meaning imitation and female leatherette 人造革 flannelette 棉织法兰绒 usherette 女引座员-let meaning small; unimportant droplet 小滴 booklet 小册子 starlet 尚未成名的年轻女演员（不是小星星）-ster meaning involved in gangster 匪徒 songster 歌手（和singer什么区别？？） trickster 骗子2、将名词转化成抽象名词 -age meaning measure of, process or state storage: 贮存空间 wastage: 浪费 mileage: 英里数 footage连续镜头 coverage覆盖面；新闻报道-dom meaning state; condition officialdom 官场 kingdom王国 stardom 名演员的身份-ery/-ry meaning condition or behaviour associated with slavery savagery-ery/-ry also meaning place bakery 面包店 winery 葡萄酒厂-hood meaning state or condition adulthood 成年 spinsterhood 老处女身份-ful meaning amount contained in armful 一抱之量 houseful 一屋 mouthful 一满口 spoonful 一匙-ing meaning the material of tubing 管类 matting 编垫子材料 carpetting 地毯织料-ing also meaning activity connected with farming golfing-ism meaning doctrine of or practice of terroism 恐怖主义 sexism 性别歧视 consumerism 消费者权益保护-ship meaning occupation or position governorship authorship-ship also meaning skill and ability sportsmanship craftmanshipalso meaning relation friendship partnership accquaintanceship(二）放在动词后面 1、将动词转化为施事名词 -ant: occupations and participation informant 提供消息的人 contestant 参赛者 applicant 申请人-ant also meaning an object or substance coolant 冷却剂 pollutant 污染物-ee meaning receiver of the action addressee: 收件人 employee 雇员 trainee 受培训者-ent meaning a person or a thing respondent 被告 correspondent 记者，通信人-er/-or meaning doer of the action or non-persons commander 指挥官 photographer 摄影师 cooker 炉灶 mixer 绞盘器 recorder录音机或录像机 elevator 电梯 escalator 自动扶梯2. 将动词转化为抽象名词 -age meaning action of or instance of marriage 婚姻 linkage 联系 carriage 运输-al meaning the process or state of dismissal 撤职；解雇；不予考虑 survival 幸存 portrayal 表演；描绘-ance meaning action, process or state performance 表现 insurance 保险 attendance 出席-ation,-ition, -tion, -sion, -ion meaning process or state of or product of imagination 想象 protection 保护 operation 操作；手术 decision决定-ence meaning action, process or state adherence 遵守 existence 存在 persistence 坚持不懈-ing meaning action of wedding 婚礼 （wed：与……结婚） opening 开业典礼 savings 储存金 earnings收入 building 建筑物-ment meaning result of assessment 评估 resentment 气氛 statement 声明 judgement 看法（三）放在形容词后面，构成名词 -ity meaning state or condition productivity intesity superiority 常用在以able, al, ar结尾的形容词后，比如 respectability morality popularity-ness meaning state or quality youthfulness up-to-dateness happiness largeness(四) 其它：所构成词即可作名词，也可作形容词的后缀 -ese meaning member of or language of Chinese 中国人；中国的 Lebanese 黎巴嫩人； 黎巴嫩的also meaning style of journalese 新闻文体 officialese 公文用语-an, -ian meaning citizen and language of Australian 澳大利亚英语；澳大利亚人；澳大利亚的 Cambodian 柬埔寨人；柬埔寨语；柬埔寨的 Elizebethan 伊丽莎白女王一世（时代）的also meaning adherent to, relating to Darwinian 达尔文的 shakesperian 莎士比亚（风格）的-ist meaning adherent to beliefs and behaviour racist 种族主义分子 socialist 社会主义者 environmentalist 环保主义者also occupations or study artist 艺术家 psychiatrist 精神病医师-ite meaning adherent to or member of Thatcherite 撒切尔夫人的支持者二、形容词后缀，即加上后缀后的新词词性为形容词。这一类后缀又根据词根词性的不同，分为 （一）放在名词后面 -ed: 加在n/adj.+n的复合词后面，构成形容词 pear-shaped 梨状的 blue-eyed giant-sized wooded-ful meaning full of, providing merciful graceful tactful successful-ish meaning somewhat like, approximately monkeyish snobbish childish foolish-ish 可用在形容词词根后，构成新的形容词，表达“稍微，有几分”的含义 wettish 有点潮湿 brownish 带点棕色的-less meaning without nameless 无名的 humourless 无幽默感的also meaning unmeasurable priceless 无价的 timeless 永恒的-like meaning like lady-like 温雅的，风度雍容如贵妇的 dreamlike 如梦的-ly meaning havin the quality of soldierly 有军人气质的 cowardly 胆小的 friendly 友好的also meaning frequency hourly 每小时一次的 fortnightly 没两周一次的-y meaning somewhat like, characterized by flowery 多花的；有花卉图案的 smoky 冒烟的；有烟熏味的-y also 放在名词后面，表达喜爱之情 doggy 狗狗 birdy 小鸟 (-ly, -like, -ish 三者用在同一词根后面时，其相应新词表达的意义相近，程度依次下降，如 manly 有男子汉气概的 man-like 像男人般的 mannish 男性化的)-al, -ial, -ical meaning relating to cultural 文化的 philosophical 哲学的 sentimental 多愁善感的 residential 住宅的-esque meaning having the properties of picturesque 如画的 Chaplinesque卓别林式的-ic meaning resembling, involving, connected with poetic 有诗意的 historic 历史的 patriotic 爱国的 bureaucratic 官僚主义的-ous, -eous, -ious, -nous meaning having a particular quality sensuous 感觉上的，给人以美感的 marvellous 令人惊奇的，极好的 courageous 有勇气的（二）放在动词后面 -able, -ible showing possiblity washable 可清洗的 arguable 可论证的 identifiable可辨别的-ative, -tive, -sive meaning tending to talkative 健谈的 decisive 果断的三、副词后缀，即加上后缀后的新词词性为副词。 -ly meaning in ... manner, to a ... degree gradually 逐渐地 calmly 冷静地 publicly 公开地-ward, -wards showing direction homeward 回家的 backward 后退的 skyward 朝向天空的 eastward 向东的 -ward即可作形容词也可做副词，当作副词是，-ward=-wards-wise meaning in ... manner clockwise 顺时针方向的 crabwise横斜地 also meaning as far as ... is concerned moneywise 钱方面 education-wise 教育方面四、动词后缀，即加上后缀后的新词词性为动词。 -ate meaning give or make or become originate 起源 validate 使生效 hyphenate 用连字符连接-en meaning become or make heighten 加高 strengthen 加强 dampen 使潮湿-ify, -fy meaning make or endow with solidify 巩固 glorify 美化 personify 拟人化-ize, -ise involving or related to symbolize 象征，代表 visualize 使形象化Jenny碎碎念： 终！于！整！理！完！了！第一遍整理时全英文，第二遍加上中文，这两个过程下来，感觉从英文释义去理解更顺畅一些，也有趣一些。虽然上面大部分单词都写上了中文意思。