大气层英语

冠词是用在名词前面，帮助说明名词所指的人或事物，是泛指还是特指的词。冠词是一种虚词。冠词分不定冠词（The Indefinite Article）和定冠词（The Definite Article）a, an是不定冠词，the是定冠词。an, a是不定冠词，仅用在单数可数名词前面，表示“一”的意义，但不强调数目观念。a用在以辅音（指辅音音素）开头的词前， an用在以元音（指元素音素）开头的词前，如：a boy an houra history class an islanda university an elephanta hero an old man不定冠词的用法：1. 表示人或事物的某一类A steel worker makes steel.A plane is a machine that can fly.2. 表示某一类人或事物中的任何一个。This is an apple.His father is a teacher.3. 泛指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人何物。A comrade is waiting for you downstairs.I met an old man on my way to school.4. 表示“一个”的意思He will be back in a day or two.He tried to send a picture of a face.5. 有时也表示“每”的意思We have three meals a day.我们一日三岁.He walks ten miles an hour.他一小时走10英里。We have six classes a day.我们一天上六节课。He drives the car at thirty miles an hour.如果把不定冠词后的名词变为复数，只把不定冠词去掉还不行，还得补上一个数词或不定代词（some, any）The plan will be ready in a few days.这是因为“一个”或“某个”变为复数时，就成为“几个”或“某几个”的缘故。定冠词的用法：定冠词the具有确定的意思，用以特指人或事物，表示名词所指的人或事物是同类中的特定的一个，以别于同类中其他的人或事物，相当于汉语中的“那个”或“这个”的意思。它可以和单、复数名词，也可以和不可数的名词连用。用在以辅音音素开头的词前读[ð? ]，用在以元音音素开头的词前读[ði ] ,在特别强调时读[ði:]。II定冠词的基本用法：1. 特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。Give me the book.Did you hear the talk given by Mr Li?How do you like the film.Have you got the letter?2. 指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。Where is the teacher?Open the door.3. 复述上文提过的人或事物。I have a beautiful wallet, but the wallet was stolen yesterday.4. 世界上独一无二的事物等（月亮、地球、天空、宇宙）The sun rises in the east.The earth goes round the sun.the globe, the universe.the atmosphere大气层5. 用在方位名词前in the south, in the west ,in the north6. 用在序数词或形容词最高级前The first thing I want to say is to listen carefully in class.He is the tallest one in our class.7、表示两者间“较……的一个”时用定冠词The older of the two noblemen took a light.He is the taller of the two boys.8. 用在单数可数可数名词前表示一类人或事物。The horse is a useful animal.9. 定冠词用在形容词前，表示一类人或东西。The rich, the poor ,the wounded ,the deaf10. 冠词可用在党派、阶级、民族名词前The Chinese people中华民族The working class 工人阶级The Communist Party11、用在姓氏的复数形式前表示一家人，或这一姓的夫妇二人。The Lius live upstairs.The Johns are watching TV.12、在乐器前加thethe piano the violin13、在习惯性短语中in the morning in the afternoon14、在人或物后有限定性的后置定语The man standing by the gate is Li Feng.15、代替所有格代词，表示人体的一部分He received a blow on the head他头上挨了一击。John’s brother took him by the hand.约翰的哥哥牵着他的手。16、在世纪，年代名词前用冠词。In the 1980s或in the 1980’s 20世纪80年代in the nineteenth century 二十世纪17、专有名词前冠词的用法。1. 在江河、山脉、湖泊、海洋、群岛、海峡、海湾运河前用the。the Changjang River 长江the Hudson River 哈得孙河the West Lake 西湖the Pacific Ocean 太平洋the Yellow Sea 黄海the Suez Canal 苏伊士运河the English Channel 英吉利海峡the Persian Gulf 波斯湾the British Isles 布列颠群岛2. 在含有普通名词构成的专有名词前用the。the Great Wall 长城the Summer Palace 颐和园the United States 美国the October Revolution 十月革命the Chinese People’s Liberation Army 中国人民解放军the Long March 长征3. 在某些建筑物前the Great Hall of the People 人民大会堂the Museum of Chinese History 历史博物馆4. 在某些组织机构前the United Nations 联合国the Department of Education 教育部⑤节日名：New Year’s Day 新年，元旦Women’s Day 妇女节Labour Day 劳动节Children’s Day儿童节April Fools’ Day愚人节National Day国庆节Thanksgiving Day感恩节Christmas Day圣诞节但我国的节日前用定冠词the Spring Festival春节the Mid-Autumn Festival中秋节但也有一些专有名词前不加冠词1. 街名：Wang Fu Jing Street王府井大街Naking Road南京路2. 广场名：Tian An Men Square天安门广场3. 公园名：Pei Hai Park北海公园Hyde Park海德公园4. 大学名：Beijing University北京大学Zhejiang University浙江大学但也可说the University of Beijing the University of Zhejiang什么时候不用冠词1. 在物质名词，抽象名词前不用冠词The desk is made of wood.What is work? Work is struggle.2. 专有名词前不加冠词Canada, Beijing ，Lei Feng3. 名词前有物主代词指示代词，不定代词，名词所有格修饰时this， my，that， those， these， her4、月份，星期，季节前不用冠词Sunday March summer winter5、在表示一类人或事物的复数名词前不用冠词Horses are useful animals.My mother and father are school teachers.6、当一个名词用作表语，冈位语补足语来表示某人在当时或现刻的职位或头衔时，前面不用冠词。He is chairman of the Students’ Union. 他是学生会主席。They elected him president of the U.S. 他们选他当美国总统。这里指的职位大体是指独一的职位，“主席”、“主任”都只有一个，如不是独一的要加不定冠词。She is a teacher of English in our school. 她是我校的一位英语教师7、在三餐前不用冠词。breakfast, lunch, supper 如这些词前有形容词修饰可用不定冠词。I had a good lunch yesterday.I have breakfast at 7 every day.8、在球类，棋类名词前不用冠词。Play football (basketball, Volleyball) chess※抽象名词，物质名词前不用冠词，但后有定语修饰加the。He is fond of music.The music of the film is very beautiful.Science is making rapid progress in China.科学正在中国飞速发展。Physics is the science of matter and energe.物理学是物质和能量的科学。

the atmosphere大气层

雪莱的诗歌里用了the wide atmosphere，即广阔的大气圈。（全句是：The wind has swept from the wide atmosphereEach vapour that obscured the sunset's ray ）

atmosphere英 [ˈætməsfɪə(r)] 美 [ˈætməsfɪr] n. 大气，空气；大气层；风格，基调；气氛 大气； 大气中； 气氛； 气氛中 复数：atmospheres 【1】大气;大气层;大气圈 A planet's atmosphere is the layer of air or other gases around it. .dangerous levels of pollution in the Earth's atmosphere... 地球大气层污染程度严重The Partial Test-Ban Treaty bans nuclear testing in the atmosphere. 《部分禁止核试验条约》禁止在大气层中进行核试验。【2】（呼吸的）空气 The atmosphere of a place is the air that you breathe there. These gases pollute the atmosphere of towns and cities. 这些气体污染了城镇的空气。【3】 氛围；环境 The atmosphere of a place is the general impression that you get of it. Pale wooden floors and plenty of natural light add to the relaxed atmosphere... 淡色木地板和充足的自然光平添了几分轻松的氛围。There's still an atmosphere of great hostility and tension in the city. 强烈的敌对和紧张气氛依然笼罩着这座城市。【4】（地方或事件的）情调，魅力 If a place or an event has atmosphere, it is interesting. The old harbour is still full of atmosphere and well worth visiting. 这座古老的港口依然充满了情趣，颇值得一游。这些名词均与“空气”有关。atmosphere：指围绕有的星球，特别是围绕地球的空气，即大气层。也可指环境气氛。air：指空气，也泛指一般气体。gas：指气态物，尤指供燃烧取暖或照明的气体，其中一部分称作瓦斯。1.The banquet is being held in an atmosphere of friendship and cordiality. 宴会在热情友好的气氛中进行着. 2. A clear atmosphere intensifies the blue of the sky. 纯净的空气使天空变得更蓝. 3. There is a subdued atmosphere in the school at exam time. 在考试期间,学校里有一种压抑的氛围. 4. The atmosphere in the office is quite free and easy. 办公室的气氛很轻松. 5. He soaked himself in the atmosphere of the place. 他沉浸在那一场合的气氛中. ambience[英] [ˈæmbi:əns, ɑ:ŋˈbjɑ:ŋs][美] [ˈæmbiəns, ɑŋˈbjɑŋs]n.气氛，布景；周围环境；“ambience”的变体周围环境；气氛；格调 The ambience of a place is the character and atmosphere that it seems to have. The overall ambience of the room is cosy. 房间整体的感觉是温暖舒适。1.The overall ambience of the room is cosy. 房间整体的感觉是温暖舒适。 2. the relaxed ambience of the city 这座城市轻松的氛围 3. This restaurant has a pleasant ambience. 这家饭店的环境优雅宜人. 4. The statue has a gentleness, an ambience, a wistful elegance. 那尊雕像具有一种柔和 、 一种独特格调 、 一种忧郁沉思的雅致. 5. The invaders have destroyed the, oh, I don't know what the right word is—the atmosphere, the ambience. 入侵者破坏了，嗯，我不知道用什么字眼好——气氛，氛围