初中英语关联词

其实没有必要像楼上那位说的那样，去记这么多，根本就不可能记得住。 你说的是完型填空后面的那8道题吧，我一般喊作语法填空。我是高三的学生，英语课代表（嘿嘿）。可能对你们的题目不太了解。 首先，你要了解英语的语法填空，不会考什么复杂的单词。大部分都是考如下几点 1 冠词 a the 的用法 2 对于关系副词 关系代词 如：what where which that 等等 的选用 3 一些表转折，顺承等的关联词，如 however，therefore，so，but，because等等 这主要对上下文的理解。 4 可能也会填一些 复杂点的单词，但可以在原文中找到相对应的词，有可能是同义词或者反义词等等。 5还有就是介词的用法，这往往与短语的固定搭配一起来考察。 这点你可以借鉴一些楼上那位的，但记住不要全部都记。 再者，你要分清句子的基本结构。这是基础。你如果这都不知道，就不用谈做题了。 大概就是这样吧，可能也不是很全。 到了高中，就不能靠语感做题了。初中可能还可以混得下去。 多做题目吧，英语没别的巧，做多了，就有感觉了！

because因为，but但，also也，since因为，while然而，however然而，although虽然，as因为，until直到，unless除非not only.....but also 不但 而且 either...or或者、或者 both...and两者都Neither...nor 既不、、也不. as soon as 一、、就、、

1) 先后次序关系：at this time; first; second; at last; next；previously; simultaneously; eventually；last but not least；to begin with；to start with；to end with；finally；seeing...；since then；first of all；afterwards; following this; preceding this. 2) 因果关系：because；because of this；being that；another important factor／reason of... ； since； as； for； in that...； owing to； due to； for the reason that...； in view of； the reason seems to be obvious; there are about... ；for this reason; as a result of this； therefore；...and so...； consequently；as a result； thus； hence； so；so that...； in consequence； as a consequence； accordingly; inevitably; under these conditions; thereupon. 3) 转折关系：but；even so；however；though；even though；independent of；reckless of ；despite that； in spite of that； regardless of; yet...；and yet； but unless. 4) 并列关系： and; also；too；as well as；either...，or...；both...and... 5) (补充)递进关系： furthermore；moreover；further；In this way ；still； not only...but also...； not...but...； in addition (to)；additionally, much more interesting, more specifically, next, besides； as far as... is concerned; moreover；in other words；along this line of consideration；on the one hand...，on the other hand...； even； as a poplar saying goes...；in order to do it...; meanwhile； at the same time； accordingly； In the first place...，in the second place...;equally important; of even greater appeal. 6) 比较关系： similarly; in like manner, in comparison with；when compared with；compared with；when in fact...; like...； likewise； similarly important； apart from (doing)...； ... rather than...，by doing so ；both…and...; in the same way; not only...but (also). 7) 对照(不同点)：yet; still; for all of that; notwithstanding; rather; neither ... nor; although; though; but; however; something is just the other way around；yet; conversely； unlike； opposed to; as opposed to ； in contrast (to)； by way of；on the contrary；different from this；as opposed to this； nevertheless; contrary to； whereas； while；but on the other hand. 8) 举例关系:for example； for instance； in this case; namely； as you know； you may as／say； as he explains； like； such as； a case in point is...; consider...； in particular；including...；for one thing...，for another...；put it simply；stated roughly； as an illustration， I will say...； a good example (of...)would be...；to detail this，I would like to...； It is interesting to note that...；in this situation; as proof; take the case of; take as example (something)； as for; as regards； as to； according to; on this occasion. 9) 强调关系：in fact; especially；particularly；moreover；naturally; what is more important； in reality； certainly; of course; indeed; in particular；not to mention...；believe it or not；undeniably; other thing being equal；it is certain／sure that...；to be strict; to be true；by definition; definitely; undoubtedly; without a doubt; in truth, in any event(不论怎样); without reservation(毫无保留地); obviously, not only.. but(also...), both... and... 10) 条件关系: if；unless; lest；provided that；if it is the case；in this sense；once...；if possible；if necessary；if so；if not all; if anything. 11) 归纳总结类： in other words；on the whole; in sum; therefore；hence；in short；in brief；to sum up；in conclusion; in summary； to conclude； the conclusion can be drawn that...; for this reason; in short. 12) 地点关系：beyond; opposite to; adjacent to; at the same place; there; over; in the middle; around; in front of; in the distance; farther; here and there; above; below; at the right; between; on this side. 13) 目的关系：with this object; for this purpose; in order that; in this way, since; so that; on that account; in case; with a view to; for the same reason. 14) 重申关系：in other words; that is to say; as I have said; again; once again. 15) 结果关系：accordingly; thus; consequently; hence; therefore; thereupon; inevitably; under these conditions; as a result; as a consequence; because; because of; so that; not only...but (also...); so... as to. 16) 顺序关系：first; second; thirdly; next; then; at the outset(在开始时)，following this; at this time; now; at this point; after; afterward; after this; subsequently; lastly; finally; consequently; before this; previously; preceding this; simultaneously; concurrently(同时). 17) 时间关系：at once; immediately; at length; in the mean time; meanwhile; at the same time; in the end; then; soon; not long after; later; at once; at last; finally; some time ago; at present; all of a sudden; from this time on; from time to time; since then; when; whenever; next point; a few minutes later; formerly; as; once; since; occasionally; in a moment; shortly; whereupon; previously

关联词是历年高考所关注的热点，尤其那些既有区别又有联系的连词更是倍受命题者所青睐一、that,what 1.两者都可引导名词性从句。1)that本身无词义，常引导名词性从句，此时的从句意义已完整，常不省略(宾语从句除外)。It worried her a bit that her hair was turning gray.(it为形式主语) 2)what引导名词性从句时，在从句中常作主语或宾语。如：2.what一般不可引导定语从句，不能用作强调词；而that既可引导定语从句(由其前的先行词确定)，又可作强调词。如：All that is needed is a supply of rice. It was only when I reread the article lastnight that I realized the extended meaning. 3.what可作为感叹词引导感叹句，而that不可。如：What a long way it is from Beijing to Lon-don! 二、whether ,if 1.两者都能引导名词性从句之异同：1)当引导一个没有疑问词的问句时，两者均可。如：I'm not sure whether(if)I'll have time. 2)当提出两种选择时要用whether。如：Let me know whether you can come or not. 3)whether可用在介词后，if则不可。如：I haven't settled the question of whether I'll go back home. 4)whether可与不定式连用，if则不行。如：She doesn't know whether to get married now or wait. 5)引导主语从句时，if不能放句首，whether在句首、句中均可。如：It is doubtful if(whether)he is coming. 2.if还可以引起条件状语从句，whether不可以。如：If we try hard,we'll be able to complete the task in time. 3.whether...or(无论)，引起让步状语从句，if不可。如：Whether you come or not,I'll set off on time. 三、in case，if 两者都引导条件状语从句。1)in case作"如果"意义时，常放在句前，可与if替换。如：In case(If)he comes,let me know. 2)in case作"免得，以防"意义时常放在主句后，不能用if替换。试比较：You should insure your house in case there's a fire. John may call tonight.I don't want to go out in case he phones. I don't think I'll need any small change but I'll bring some in case. You should call 999if there's a fire. 四、though,although,as 这三个词都有转折之意，表示"虽然"、"尽管"。1.though和although引导让步状语从句时，常可互换，只是although的语气较强些，其主句前可用副词yet,still,nevertheless修饰，也可不用。如：Though／Although it was late,the farmer kept on harvesting the crops by the lights of the tractors. Though he was old,(yet)he worked hard. 2.though作连词时，可以用于省略句，引起让步状语从句可以用部分倒装语序；作副词时表"可是"、"然而"，常放于句末，但上述用法不适用于although。如：I've a bit of cold.It's nothing serious,though. 3.as引导让步状语从句时，从句用倒装语序，将表语、状语等置于句首，可与though互换。Poor though /as I am，I can afford it. 五、however /whatever...,no matter how/what... 1.no matter what /how等只能引导以形容词或副词为中心的让步状语从句，且用部分倒装形式。如：However /No matter how hard it may be，I must try. 2.however无论怎样，whatever无论什么，既可引导让步状语从句也可引导名词性从句，要视具体情况而定。如：These wild flowers are so special that I would do whatever I can to save them. However late he is,Mother will wait for him to have dinner together. We will have to finish the job,however long it takes. 六、even if,even though "即使"、"纵使"都可引导让步状语从句，但even if更强调假定性。如：Even if he is poor,she loves him.＝He may be poor,yet she loves him. Even though he is poor,she loves him.＝He is poor,yet she loves him. Even though /if I didn't know anybody,Ihad a good time. 七、when,while 二者都可以引导时间状语从句，当从句的动词是延续性动词时，两者可互换。如：He entered the room while(when)his mother was talking with his headteacher. 1.若要表示转折的对比，用while，意为"而，然而"。如：She thought I was talking about her uncle,while in fact,I was talking about my uncle. 2.when相当于"and then"或"at the time that"也是常见考点，主句为特定时间，常用过去进行时或be about to do(即将发生)表达，从句表达的多是偶然性的动作。八、unless(除非，如果不)，if...not 两者都引导条件状语从句。如：He is sure to come unless he has some urgent business. ＝He is sure to come if he hasn't any urgent business. The men will have to wait all day unless the doctor works faster. 1.当从句是虚拟形式时，只用if...not,不用unless引导。如：The flowers would have died,if you had not watered diligently. 2.当主句为疑问句时，不用unless,而用if...not。如：What shall we do if he doesn't reply to our letter? 3.当unless引导的从句带有否定词时，不能用if...not代替。如：I'll go unless no one else goes. 九、till,until(直到……，直到……才) 1.都可引导时间状语从句，当从句在主句后面时，二者均可用；主句谓语动词为延续性动词，用肯定式；若是短暂性动词，用否定式。如：Sandy had left his keys in the office so he had to wait until /till his wife came back. They watched the train until /till it disappeared in the distance. I didn't leave until /till he came back. 2.但是在句首或强调句中时，一般用until而不用till；在句首时，主句谓语要部分倒装而从句不倒装。如：Not until all the fish died in the river did the farmers realize how serious the pollution was! 十、in order that,so that,so...that 1.前两者都可以引导目的状语从句，从句中通常要有can /could,m ay /might,will /would等情态动词，而且，当从句的主语与主句的主语一致时从句可转化为in order to do sth.／so as to do sth.／to do sth.。如：John shut everybody out of the kitchen so that he could prepare his grand surprise for the party. They set off for the station very early in order that /so that they might not miss the first bus.�They set off for the station very early in order not to miss the first bus. 2.后两者都可以引导结果状语从句，此时从句中一般不能用can /could,may /might,will /would等。如：He got up very early so that he caught the first train. The research is so designed that once begun nothing can be done to change it. So difficult did I feel it to live in an English-speaking country that I determined to learn English well. I devoted all my time to my studies so that I got good marks in all my subjects. I felt so nervous that I shook like a leaf.

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