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wongjackson

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Who wants to take a chance?Here we go!实用课堂教学用语 1. 上课 Class begin./ It’s time for class. Let’s have / start the lesson. Let’s begin our lesson. 2. 起立 Stand up. 3. 同学们好 Good morning./ afternoon, everyone/ everybody/ boys and girls. 4. 请坐 Sit down, please. Please be seated. 5. 今天谁值日?Who is on duty today? 6. 大家都来了吗?Is anyone absent? 7. 出席多少人?How many students are present? 8. 班级共有多少人?How many students are there in your class? 9. 谁没来? Who is not here? Who isn’t at school today? Who doesn’t come to school today? 10.你知道他为什么没来吗?What’s the matter with him? Do you know? 11.今天几月几日?What’s the date today? 12.今天星期几?What day is it today? 13.今天天气怎么样?What’s the weather like today? / How is the weather? 14.今天很冷是吧? It’s very cold, isn’t it? / It’s a cold day, isn’t it? 15.李雷,去看看是谁?Go and see, Li Lei. 16.请进 Come in, please. 17.请回,下次早点来 Go to your seat, please. But don’t be late next time. Go and sit down. Come earlier next time. 18.坐好了,请脱帽 Sit straight, please. Take off your cap, please. 19.讲讲你星期天都做了些什么事好吗? What did you do last Sunday? Can you tell us? Would you please tell us what you did last Sunday? 20.那么,你能给我们讲一个故事吗?Well, could you tell us a story? 21.谁愿意到这儿来给大家讲一个故事?Who’d like to tell us a story here? 22.到谁的了?Whose turn ( is it )? 23.小张,到你的了,到这来给大家讲个故事 Xiao Zhang, it’s your turn. Come here and tell us a story. 24.大家注意听,然后就他讲的故事进行问答. Listen to him carefully, then ask and answer about the story. 25.就你所喜欢的话题进行对话. Make a dialogue in pairs about any topics you like. 26.好了,该学第八课了.Well, it’s time to learn Lesson 8. Well, let’s learn the 8th lesson. 27.今天这节课,我们学习新课,第八课. Today in this class we’ll learn a new lesson, Lesson 8. 28.学习新课前,我们复习一下第七课的生词和短语. Before the new lesson Let’s revise / go over the new words and phrases in Lesson 7. 29.拿出练习本来,我们来听写. Take out your exercise books. Let’s have a dictation. 30.我叫两个学生到黑板上来写. I ask two students to write on the blackboard. 31.谁愿来写?Any volunteers? Who would like to do it here? Who would like to come here and write on the blackboard? 32.准备好了吗?开始! Are you ready? (Let’s ) Begin. 33.就听写到这,把你们写的交上来. So much for the dictation. Please hand them in. 34.现在看图,两人一组进行问答. Now look at the pictures, then ask and answer in pairs. 35.谈论这幅图,可多可少. Talk about the picture. You can say more or less. Say something about the picture more or less. 36.表演第七课的对话.Act out the dialogue in Lesson 7. 37.看教学挂图,回答我的问题. Look at the wall charts and answer my/ the questions. 38.在图上你能看到什么?What can you see in the picture? 39.还有吗?还有什么吗?Anything else / more? Any other things? 40.看图一,猜一猜发生了什么事? Look at Picture 1, and guess what ( has ) happened? 实用课堂教学用语(二)- - 1. 谁能回答这个问题? Who would like to answer this question? Who can answer it? 2. 会的举手!Hands up if you can. Put up/ Raise your hands if you know the answer. 3. 好,你来答.OK, you please. 4. 下一个,你请来(答,做) Next / The next one, you please. 5. 小李,你能回答这个问题吗?Can you (answer this one), Xiao Li? 6. 小林,你呢?(你能回答吗?) What /How about you, Xiao Lin? 7. 你来回答这个题好吗?Would you like to / please answer this one? 8. 试一试,错了没关系. Just have a try. It doesn’t matter if you make any mistake. 9. 是否正确?( Is he / that / it )Right or wrong? Yes or no? 10.正确/ 错误 Right./ Yes./ Wrong. / No. 11.正确吗?( Is it / that / he) Right? 12.是的,正确.Yes, ( it / he) is right. 13.不,不正确.No, ( it / he) is wrong. 14.谁来再做一次?Who would like/ wants to do it again? 15. 16.谁能用另一种方式来做?Who can do/ say it in a different other way? 17.谁有不同观点/ 看法? Who has a different idea/ opinion? 18.你是什么观点?/ 你的看法如何?What’s your opinion? 19.没听清,请你再说一遍.( I beg your ) pardon? I didn’t hear clearly. Please say it again/ repeat it. 20.请大声点.( A little ) Louder, please. 21.稍慢点读.Read ( a bit ) slower. 22.肃静,你们最好不要在课堂上说话. Be quiet./ Keep silent. You’d better not talk in class. 23.管好自已的事/ 别管闲事.Mind your own business. 24.不要朝窗外看.Don’t look out of the window. 25.下面学习生词.Now word study. 26.注意发音.Pay attention to your pronunciation. 27.注意听我说,并观察我的动作,然后猜词意. Listen to me carefully and watch my actions, then guess the meaning of the word. 28.你们听明白/ 懂了吗? Are you clear? Do you catch my idea? 29.这个词是什么意思?What’s the meaning of the word? 30.汉语意思是什么?The Chinese ( meaning). Give the Chinese for it. 31.好了,我们学习第二部分对话. Well, let’s come to Part II, the dialogue. Well, let’s come to the dialogue in Part II. 32.下面听录音,听前快速看一下黑板上的问题. Now listen to the tape. Before listening, read through the questions on the blackboard. 33.听音时合上书.Close/ Shut your books while listening. Books closed. / shut while listening to the tape. Listen to the tape with your books closed/ shut. Listen to the tape without your books. 34.回答黑板上的问题.Answer the questions on the blackboard. 35.我们来核对答案.Let’s check the answers. 36.一题,哪个正确?No. 1, which one is right? 37.下一个,哪个正确?Next, which is the right answer? 38.最后一题最难,正确答案是C,选对的举手. The last( one ) is the most difficult/ hardest. The right answer is C. Put up your hands if you choose right. 39.再听一遍,并跟着读.Listen to the tape again and read after it. Now, once again/ more /over, read after it this time. 40.注意语调.Pay attention to your intonation. 英语课堂用语大全(三)- - 1. 好啦,就听到这.OK, stop here. 2. 打开书,两人一组读对话.Open your books and read the dialogue in pairs. 3. 口答练习册上的习题一. Do Exercise One in the workbook orally. Now, workbook, Exercise 1, do it orally. Answer the questions of Exercise 1 in your workbooks orally. 4. 谁能帮他指出来? Who can point it out?/ Who can correct the mistakes for him? 5. 注意,不要再犯同样的错误.Be careful./ Take care. Don’t make the same mistake again. 6. 好了,接着来.Well, let’s go on ( with it ) 7. 接下去做习题.Let’s go on to do the exercises. 8. 看动作猜猜他们在干什么?Look at them/ their actions and guess what they are doing. 9. 下面进行书面作业?Now written work. 10.用下列词语写一篇150字的短文,十分钟完成. Write a 150-word passage with / using the following expressions in ten minutes. 11.写一段对话尽可能使用列词语.Make a dialogue using the following expressions as much as you can/ possible. 12.写完了吗?Have you finished it/ the writing? Finish up? 13.我找两名同学,把你们写的对话读出来. I ask 2 students to read out their dialogues. 14.下面学习课文.Now we study / learn the text. 15.你知道某人或某事吗?/ 你听说过…吗?你能谈一谈他的情况? Do you know sb./ sth? Have you heard of sb./ sth? 16.今天,我们学习一篇关于…的文章. Today we’ll learn a passage/ an article about sb./sth. 17.首先,我给大家介绍课文大意. First I tell you the main/ general idea about it. 18.快速读课文,并找到这个问题的答案. OK. Now read the text quickly and find out the answer to this question. 19. 谁找到答案了?Who find/ know the answer? 20. 再细读一遍课文,然后回答练习册24页上的问题. Read it in detail/ more carefully for the second time, then answer the answer questions on Page 24 of your workbooks. 21. 找出疑难点.Find out the difficulties and what you don’t understand. 22. 谁能帮他解答这个问题? Who can help him with the question? Who can help him out? 23. 你最好用英语说. You’d better say it in English. 24. 如果你用英语说有困难,可以用汉语. You may say it in Chinese if you have difficulty in speaking English / can’t speak it in English. 25. 好,我告诉你们这两个句子的区别. OK. I tell you the differences between the two sentences. 26. 这两个词有什么不同?What’s the difference between the two words? 27. 请举例说明.( Give us ) An example, please. 这个词可以这样用.We can use it (in) this way / like this. 英语课堂用语(四)- - 英语课堂用语 作者:曾春健 转贴自:本站原创 点击数:3356 课堂常规用语 一、 打招呼(Greetings) Good morning, class. Good afternoon, class 4. Good morning, everybody. Good afternoon, everyone. Good morning, boys and girls. Good afternoon, children. How are you all today? Are you all well this morning? 打招呼之后,可以增加一两句(Beginning a chat) Well, did you have a good weekend? Well, did you enjoy the holiday? Well, what did you do yesterday evening? Tell me what you did at the weekend? 谈谈学生衣着发型也可以: Oh, you\'ve got a new dress on. It\'s very nice. Oh, you\'ve got a new hair style. 二、考勤(Checking attendance) 1.点名 Right ! I\'m going to call the row. OK ! Listen while I call your names. Now ! I\'ll take the register. Quiet f now, please. Listen while I see if you\'re all here. 2.问缺席情况 Now ! Let\'s see who\'s absent. Right ! Let\'s see if anyone\'s away. Is anybody absent? Is everybody here? 3. 关照新生 Oh, are you new? OK, are you a pupil? You have just come to this class (school), haven\'t you? Where do you come from? What\'s your name? Do you like the school? Welcome to our class. 4. 谈缺勤原因 Where\'s Wang Hai? Does anyone know where Li is? Can anyone tell me where Liu has gone? Who knows when he will be back? Han Meimei is ill today, isn\'t she? 5. 关照病愈者 You were absent for three lessons last week. Did you catch a cold? Oh, I\'m sorry. You\'ll catch up l won\'t you? Don\'t worry. You\'ve been absent for days, haven\'t you? You were away last lesson, weren\'t you? \' What was the matter? Why were you away? Are you better? How are you feeling now? Do you feel better? Well, Jane, ask your friends to help you. OK, you\'d better ask your neighbour to tell you what we\'ve done. Come and see me after the lesson, OK? 三.介绍 Now, let me introduce myself. I\'ll just tell you a bit about myself. My name is..., spelt... I\'ve been teaching in the school for 1O years. I come from Shanghai. I worked for a newspaper until last year. And what about you? Will you introduce yourselves? 四.开始谈话 T: I went to the Summer Palace (引出话题) Yesterday. Did any of you go? No?... Well, (无人回答,问某一学生) What did you do, -.. er... Zhang Hong. Zhang:... er... I-. - er. -. in home. (学生响应断断续续) T: Oh, you stayed at home. (“搭救“说话的学生 ) Zhang: Yes, I stay at home. T: OK, you stayed at home. (暗中纠正时态) What did you do then? Zhang:... TV... T: Oh, you watched television 9 didn\'t you? Which programme? (继续问下去困难,可就此打住 ) 有关用语还有: Tell me what you did 1ast night. Will you te11 me a bit about your weekend? Could you tell us more about the programme? How did you like yesterday\'s party? 五.建议 (Suggesting) Let\'s go through the text. Could you open your textbook and find Ex. 5 on page 45? Could you take out the cards? Will you all think of some questions to ask each other? Will you get together in groups and discuss the idea? Try to think it out for yourself. Let\'s work out how you could plan your piece of writing. Now you\'ve answered all the questions in full. You need to say a bit more about that. You\'d better get that right. 六.提起注意 (Directing students\' attention) Quiet, now, please. Let\'s work in pairs. Will you face the people in front of you? Fine. Look again carefully. Are you ready to listen? Are you all listening? OK, then. Now then something new! Let\'s change the topic. That was quite good, let\'s do it once more. 七.请求(Making polite requests) Could you possibly plug the cassette player in for me? Can you check thetch is on? Will you go and fetch some chalk? Will you find the wall charts? Has anybody seen the stick/tape/drawing pins? Please could you put it up here? Please would you mind cleaning the board? 八.指导 (Giving instructions) 1. 纠正语音 You\'d better listen again. Will you listen carefully? Now listen to the sound [a:].Not [a ], like this - you try. Don\'t forget it\'s [[] not [a ] in and. Now listen. There\'s something different, What\'s different? Listen. 2. 启发思路 Suppose a friend needs advice on the subject- You could agree with the other person and say something else. You may ask the reason. Shal1 1 demonstrate? Keep to the same pattern, ~ OK? What do you think the author will say next? I\'ll give you a cue. It\'s something to do with -. Let me give you some help. When did the man use the word? 3. 介绍方法 You\'d better put them together- Ask each other questions to find out what is different. Look at the sentence before and see if you can guess. You sort out these sentences, then copy them, taking care with capital letters. You fill the blanks in these sentences, then write them neatly. 4. 示范动作 Look at what I\'m doing. You may do as I do. Please look at my mouth, like this -. 九 宣告 (Announcements) 1.宣布教学计划 Today we\'re going to do three main things. First l I\'m going to introduce a few new words about weather. Then you\'re going to write a dialogue and act it out. After that, we are going to learn a new song. 2. 宣布某些事项 I have something to tell you before you go. There\'s a club meeting on Saturday. If you want to attend it, please write your name on thispiece of paper. 3. 宣布教学项目 Well, now, we\'re going to practise a short dialogue. l want to introduce to you a new programme now. 十.解释 (Explaining) Listen to me and I\'ll explain the meaning of the word. Let me use the picture to show its meaning. The word ends in \'tion\' so it must be a noun- Let\'s see if you can guess. I\'ll give you an example: -. We can use this sentence to express -. What does it mean in the context? It\'s clear that the man used it to blame the boy. Look at the picture here- The man is standing by the window. Perhaps he is interested in What is happening in the street. What might happen in a few minutes? The boy is getting angry with Mary. There are three people sitting by the river. They are looking at the ship. The ship is very beautiful. 十一.禁止 (Forbidding) T: OK t everybody. Quiet now please! No more talking. Wang Hai, stop chatting now. And you, Li Guang! Whose turn is it? S: It\'s my turn. (教学继续进行......) No talking! No chatting Stop making a noise. Without disturbing the others. No more shouting ! 客气一些: Please will you stop interrupting the others J Would you mind not whispering? 严重一些: There\'ll be trouble if you go on disturbing the others\' I\'ll report you to Miss Zhou if you go on being silly ! 更严重些: You shouldn\'t be have (be behaving) like that! Why are you passing notes? You can\'t copy ! Do it on your own ! No dreaming1 Wake up! - Stop turning round ! 训练中禁止 No writing while I\'m talking. Don\'t move your lips while (you\'re) reading. No, Wang Hai, that\'s not the way to learn English properly\' No, Han Meimei, it\'s not good to do pair practice like that- You\'re doing it the wrong way. 十二.指命 (Issuing a command) By yourself. This is practice for the exam. Books closed. Back into groups, each person can say it in turn. You work in twos with two pictures. Silence. Quiet please. Stop now. Watch how I write it. Watch how to do it. Now, turn round, face the back ) without looking at the board. 十三.警告(Warning) Careful. This is a hard sentence- Don\'t forget to write neatly. Make sure your spaces between words are clear. See that your \'U\'s are different from your \'v\' s. Copy them taking care with spelling. Watch your punctuation. 十四、评价 (Evaluating) Wonderful ! Good ! Very good J That was good. Not bad- Well done. That was a little better, but... That\'s much better, but you forgot something when you pronounced Don\'t you think you have made a little progress? Nearly right, but you\'d better... That was not quite right, you didn\'t... That doesn\'t sound very good. Not really ! /Not quite! /Watch me and I\'ll show you.

英语课堂名词

144 评论(13)

军大大大

who wanna give it a shot? 谁想试试? everyone's ready for a quiz? 准备好来个小考了没? come on, you can do it. 来吧,你能成的. lets get this started! 让我们开始吧! good job you guys! 大家都是好样的! if anyone have any question, feel free to ask! 如果谁有问题的话尽管问. not really, can you think of another answer? 不太对,还有其他答案么? could you explain a little? 能稍微解释一下(你的答案)么? right on! 答对了! you seem confused, anything that you don' understand? 你看起来不太懂,有什么不会的? pay attention to this one please! 仔细听这个! that was amazing! 太棒了! come again? 什么?再说一遍好么? good question! 问得好! i'm sorry i have no idea about that one, but i will check it up after this. 抱歉,我无法解答你的问题,但是我回去会研究的. everyone's following? 大家都听的懂吧? let's recap. 来回顾一下我们所讲的. and this is everything for this class! 这课就到这了. 都是些我国外上课经常能听到的.

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DaisyYaoYao

第二课:名词 一、名词的定义:世间万物的名称。 名词的定义很容易理解,名词就是世间万物的名称。世界上所有的东西,都有一个名称,包括抽象的,看不见的东西。比如我们每个人都有一个名称,这就是我们的名字,所以人名也是名词。我们用的电脑(computer),钢笔(pen),手机(mobile phone/cellphone.)都是名词。(请参看上节课主语部分) 二、名词的分类:普通名词和专有名词。实际上,名词还可以分得更细,但是没必要把语法变得更复杂,所以就分为普通名词和专有名词。下面先讲普通名词。 普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。 可数名词和不可数名词是英语名词里面很重要的概念。我们使用英语名词的时候,要特别注意认清是可数还是不可数,因为它们的用法和变化区别很大。如果不注意分清可数名词和不可数名词,很容易用错。 可数名词就是那些肉眼能分清数量的名词,比如:书,房子,手机,电脑等等。不可数名词刚好相反,就是肉眼分不清数量的名词,比如大部分的液体:水、牛奶、 酒、 茶、 咖啡等,还有,头发、砂、肉、大米等等。 有时候,可数不可数,跟中文不一样。中文里面不可数的名词,在英文是可数的。比如:“天空”,在中文里面是不可数,英文“sky”是可数的,复数形式是“skies”。“记忆”在中文是不可数的,英文“memory”是可数的,复数形式是:“memories”。同样是液体,“water”是不可数的,“眼泪tear”却是可数的,复数形式是“tears” 我们造句的时候,要注意这些不同的情况,但也不要死记规则。因为这样只能把英语变得更复杂,增加我们学习的压力。买一本英文字典,学到新的名词,查一下字典。字典里面会说清楚名词是可数还是不可数的,最好是牛津英汉双语词典。 每个可数名词都有两种格式:一个是单数的格式,另一个是复数的格式。复数的格式都是由单数变化而成的。有规则的变化和无规则的变化。大部分名词单数变复数都是有规则的变化,下面就是有规则的变化规律: 三、可数名词单数变复数的规律: 1.大部分可数名词变复数,在词尾+s。如: pen钢笔-pens cup 杯子-cups book 书-books computer电脑-computers 2.当可数名词是以字母s 、sh 、x 、ch结尾的单词,变复数要+es. 如:    box箱子-boxes kiss吻-kisses watch手表-watches brush刷子-brushes toothbrush牙刷-toothbrushes bus汽车-buses 有一个例外的单词:stomach-stomachs 胃,复数形式直接加s, 3.辅音字母+y结尾的名词,去y变i+es 大家都知道英语有26个字母。其中有五个元音字母,分别是:“A 、U 、I、 O、 E”。那么除了这个五个元音字母,其他的21个字母就是辅音字母。当一个可数名词是由“辅音字母+y”结尾的,那么变复数的时候,就要把这个“y”变成“i”,再加“es”,比如:“city” 这个单词,“t”是辅音字母,后面还有一个“y”,所以“city”的复数就是“cities”。比如: baby婴儿-babies country-countries story 故事-stories dictionary字典-dictionaries 例外:如果是元音字母加y结尾的单词,就不用变化了,直接加s变复数。如: toy玩具-toys boy男孩-boys day日子-days 4.当可数名词是以字母f 或fe结尾的单词,去f 或fe 变v 再+es,如: wife妻子-wives knife小刀-knives thief小偷-thieves leaf叶子-leaves wolf狼-wolves 例外:roof-roofs 房顶  gulf-gulfs 海湾  cliff-cliffs 悬崖 5.辅音字母+o结尾的可数名词变复数也是+es ,如: tomato西红柿-tomatoes potato土豆-potatoes hero英雄-heroes     这类词语很少 ,常见的就是上面几个,可以通过下面的句子来记: Heroeslike tomatoesandpotatoes.(英雄喜欢西红柿和土豆)  例外: 很多“元音字母+o”结尾的可数名词或者以“o”结尾的外来词、简写词都是直接加“s”,如: bamboo竹子-bamboos piano钢琴-pianos radio收音机-radios photo相片-photos video视频-videos studio工作室-studios 四.可数名词不规则变化: 不规则的变化是少数的。有一种误区,就是不规则的变化要死记硬背。这些不规则的变化,死记是没有什么效果的,因为如果不去运用这些名词的复数,是很难记住的,就算暂时记住了,过几天也会忘记。所以最有效的方法,就是拿这些名词的复数来造句。 Man- men  男人  mouse- mice 老鼠  goose- geese 鹅ox- oxen 牛 child-children小孩 有些可数名词,单复数都是相同:  Deer鹿    sheep绵羊   Chinese     Japanese 日本人  Vietnamese 越南人  Lebanese黎巴嫩人    Portuguese 葡萄牙人 有些可数名词,只有复数的形式,没有单数的形式,称为复数名词,如: People 人们  police     public 公众   clothes 衣服(总称) cattle 牛(总称) 五.不可数名词 不可数名词没有复数的格式,只有单数的格式。有些人把不可数名词也变复数,这是错误的。比如有人犯这样的错误:“A lot of moneys”。“money”是不可数名词,不能加“s”变复数,根本就没有复数的格式,直接说,“a lot of money”就对了。不可数名词是单数概念,所以作主语的时候,后面的谓语动词要考虑变单数格式。 比如:water is important.不能说 water are important. 具体情况以后详细讲。 不过,有时候,我们需要用一个量词,表示不可数名词的数量。比如“water(水)”,我们可以说“一杯水,一瓶水”。英文就可以这样说:“a glass of water. A bottle of water”,“A glass of ”,“a bottle of ”就相当于中文量词的作用。要表示“几杯水,几瓶水”的时候,要把“杯,瓶”变复数,但是“water”不能变复数。比如:two glasses of water(两杯水), three bottles of water(三瓶水)。请看下面更多的例子: ①two cups of tea/coffee 两杯茶/咖啡 ②a bottle of milk/wine/ oil一瓶牛奶/酒/油 ③a kilogram of meat 一公斤肉 量词的构成方式有两种: 1.A/an/one+可数名词单数+of   比如: ①a cup of  一杯       ②a bucket of 一桶 2.数词+可数名词的复数+of  比如: ①two bottles of 两瓶   ②three tins of 三罐 注意,量词里面的“of”是没有意思的,不要跟后面的名词所有格里面的“of”混淆。另外,量词其实也可以修饰可数名词的复数,但是不能修饰单数。比如: ①a basket of apples 一篮子苹果   ②a box of books一箱书 使用量词要注意: 1.不是所有的可数名词,都能构成量词。只有那种有内部空间或容器或者一些符合逻辑的可数名词才可以构成量词。比如: ①bag/basket/truck(有内部空间)②Cup/glass/bottle (容器) ③Bar/piece/loaf (符合逻辑) 2.大部分的量词都是修饰不可数名词。而且不是每一个量词都能修饰每一个不可数名词,要注意逻辑问题。不能用中文的量词思维来判断英文的量词使用。 3.英文的量词一定不能修饰可数名词的单数。 4.英文的量词虽然可以修饰可数名词的复数,但是不常见。而且要求非常严格,必须是可数的事物装到容器里面或者装到有空间的事物里面,才能使用量词。符合上面规则,很多时候,还是不行的,最重要的是要注意逻辑问题,而且是按英文的逻辑,不能按中文的量词思维。 六、名词的作用 1.作主语 The book is new. 这本书是新的。 Tom is a good student.汤姆是一个好学生。 The computer is very small.这台电脑很小。 Guangxi is beautiful.广西是美丽的。 Water is important.水是重要的。 My books are good.我的书很好。 2.作表语 He is myfriend.他是我的朋友。 This is acellphone/mobile phone.这是一台手机。 My brother is an engineer.我哥哥是工程师。 注意,名词作表语的时候,是说明主语的身份。使用的时候要注意这点,有些人乱用抽象名词作表语,造出很多不符合逻辑的句子。比如,有些人这样造句:I am happiness.这句话语法没有错,但是逻辑有问题。因为这句话的意思是:我的名字叫幸福,或者我是幸福。“我”是“人”,不是“幸福”这个抽象概念。如果要表达:我很快乐,我很幸福。应该用形容词作表语:I am happy. 3.作宾语 I like pears我喜欢梨子 I bought a textbook last week.上周,我买了一本教科书。 He does his homework very carefully.他很认真做作业。 I like Mary.我喜欢玛丽。 I like Guangxi.我喜欢广西。 I like money.我喜欢钱。 4.作宾补 I call him Uncle Tom.我叫他汤姆叔叔 My sister calls the cat Kitty我妹妹叫这只猫Kitty I will make her a happy woman.我会让她成为一个幸福的女人。 5.作定语,(名词作定语的情况不多,并且可以理解为一个复合名词)。 ①English book 英语书  ②School gate 学校大门  ③Room number 房间号码 “English book”只是一个名称“英语书”,世界万物的名称叫名词。所以,完全可以把“English book”当作一个复合名词。 6.名词作介词宾语(暂不讲) 7.名词作同位语(暂不讲)      最后,注意一个内容。这是很多人忽略的问题,有些书也没有提到。这个内容就是: 一个可数名词的单数是不能单独在句子或短语里面出现的,需要加限定词(形容词性物主代词,指示代词, ’ s 的所有格,数词等等)或加冠词,或变复数 。比如,我们不可以说:“she is teacher”,很多人说,这句话的中文翻译是:“她是老师”,这样没有错啊。中文是没有错的,因为中文的名词是没有单复数的概念。但是英文是错的,“她是老师”,在英语里面,应该说:“she is a teacher.”,这样的错例很多,比如:“I like apple. I read book.Ilike singing song.”,如果喜欢苹果,肯定不止喜欢一个,即使是喜欢一个,也要说:“I like an apple”或者“I like the apple.”,正确的并符合逻辑的应该是:“I like apples.”。“I read book,”也是一样的道理,如果看一本书,就是“a book.”,所以应该是:“I read a book”或者“I read books.”如果喜欢唱歌,肯定不止唱一首歌的,所以应该把“song”变复数:“I like singing songs.”七、名词所有格 名词所有格是英语名词一个很重要的内容。首先,先了解一下什么是所有格。名词所有格是表示所属关系的一种格式。比如:小明的书包。“小明的” 就是所有格。因为书包是属于小明的。再比如,妈妈的手。“妈妈的”就是名词所有格。 英文的名词所有格有两种构成方式:        1.有生命的名词+ 's 这里的“’s”就相当于中文“妈妈的手”里面的“的”(Mother’s hand) 注意:这里的名词是表示有生命的事物,一般是指人和动物。 这种名词所有格,构成方式很容易,直接在一个表示人或动物的名词后面加“‘s”就可以了,表示人的名词,一般是人名或表示身份,职业的名词。如果是人名,直接加“‘s”就可以构成一个名词所有格。但是,如果是一个普通的可数名词,变成所有格的时候,要注意“可数名词单数不能单独使用”这个规则。比如: ①Nick’s 尼克的  ②Jack’s 杰克的  ③Lily’s 莉莉的  ④Lucy’s露西的 ⑤My friend’s 我朋友的(friend是可数名词单数,不能单独用,加了限定词my,才可以构成名词所有格) ⑥The doctor’s 这个医生的(doctor是可数名词单数,不能单独用,加了the,才可以构成名词所有格) ⑦Mother’s妈妈的(注意,Mother在这里是称呼语,相当于专有名词,第一个字母必须大写,如果是小写,就是可数名词单数,不能单独用) 名词所有格一般作前置定语,修饰名词。比如: Nick's book 尼克的书  Mother's kiss  妈妈的吻 名词所有格作前置定语的时候可以修饰可数名词,也可以修饰不可数名词。如: Lily’s tea 莉莉的茶 (修饰不可数名词) Mother's hands 妈妈的手(修饰可数名词) my sister's friends 我姐姐的朋友(修饰可数名词) The dog' s food 狗的食物(狗粮)(修饰不可数名词) the dog's tail 狗的尾巴 (修饰可数名词) the bird’s nest 这只鸟的窝/鸟巢(修饰可数名词) 如果修饰可数名词,可以修饰单数,也可以修饰复数: 可以说:Nick’s book也可以说:Nick’sbooks 但是,不可以说:Nick’s three books。如果想表示“Nick的三本书”,应该说:three books of Nick’s,这个叫双重所有格。这里暂时不详细讲,后面的课程专门讲。 如果名词是“s”结尾的复数或名词本身是“s”结尾的,直接加“’”就可以了,当然也可以加“’s” 如:the boss’ car/the boss’s car 这个老板的车   teachers' day教师节  虽然说,由“’s ”构成的名词所有格,必须是有生命的名词。但也有些例外的情况,比如下面的例子: today's newspaper今天的报纸 由“’s ”构成的名词所有格除了可以作前置定语,还可以作表语: 1)A:Whose pen is it?这是谁的钢笔  B:It is Tim's .   是提姆的 2)A:Whose cellphone is it? 这是谁的手机 B:It is Nick’s   是尼克的 3)The house is my father’s .这个房子是我爸爸的。 2.无生命的名词用“of +无生命名词” 我们先看这样的一个短语:这个城市的中心 这里的名词所有格是“这个城市的”,城市是没有生命的事物,英语是不可以说:the city’s center.在英语里面,要用“of +名词”的结构表达。应该说:the center of the city. 这里“of the city” 才是正确的名词所有格。这种名词所有格比较难,因为作定语的时候,需要放在被修饰的名词后面,也就是作 后置定语 。这里的“of ”是“的”意思,相当于前面的“’s”,而且“of+无生命名词”构成的名词所有格也是表示所属关系,但是因为作后置定语,所以表示“前面的名词属于后面的名词”。比如“The center of the city”的“The center”属于“the city.” 这种名词所有格的结构是:of+一个没有生命的名词。但是,一定要注意,如果这个名词是一个可数名词,也要考虑单复数问题或冠词问题。比如: ①Of the house 这个房子的  ②Of houses 房子的      ③Of my house 我房子的 ④Of this coat 这件大衣的   ⑤Of my coat 我的大衣的 ⑥Of the carrot 这个胡萝卜的 (上面的名词:house,coat,carrot都是可数名词,不能直接用,所以都加了一些限定词或冠词或变复数,才能构成所有格。) ⑦Of water 水的       ⑧Of oil   油的 (上面的名词 water和oil是不可数名词,所以可以直接用。当然,也可以根据情况加上某个定语) 另外,被这种所有格修饰的名词,不管单复数,可数或不可数名词,都必须加定冠词“the.”,这也是定冠词的一种规则。冠词也是一个难点,所以这种名词所有格,对初学者来说,有点难。不管多难都可以掌握的,多做点练习就可以了。请看下面的例子: 1)The price of the house 这房子的价格(名词所有格of the house作后置定语修饰名词price,所以price要加冠词the) 2)The color of the house 这房子的颜色 3)The color of the carrot 这个胡萝卜的颜色 4)The price of oil 油的价格 5)The gate of our school 我们学校的大门 6)The covers of the book 这本书的封面 7)The roof of the house 这个房子的顶部(房顶) 8)The answers of the exam 这试卷的答案 例外:today's newspaper/ the newspaper of today今天的报纸       Shanghai’s industry/the industry ofShanghai上海的工业       The school’s history/the history of theschool学校的历史    这种没有生命的名词所有格作后置定语的时候,还要特别注意一个问题:所属关系。也就是这种名词所有格拿去修饰名词作后置定语的时候,必须考虑所属关系。如果没有所属关系,不能乱作后置定语,因为会产生逻辑问题。比如: The water of the cup错误 The water in the cup 正确    “杯子的水”,其实“水”是不属于“杯子”的,杯子不能拥有水。中文的“杯子的水”,实际上是指“杯子里面的水”,所以应该用介词短语“in the cup”作后置定语才是正确的。详细解释,请看录像。 Nickcen:如果以上文字不能让你们更好地理解英语名词的情况,可以点击观看以下详细讲解视频

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大大大小精灵

英语课堂用语(Classroom English)1. 上课(Beginning a class) (1) Class begins!上课.(2)Stand up,please.起立! Sit down,Please.请坐! 2. 问候(Greeting) (3)Good morning/Good afternoon boys and girls/children. (4)How are you today? 3. 考勤(Checking attendance) (5)Who is on duty today?今天谁值日? (6)Is everyone/everybody here?每个人都到了吗? (7)Go back to your seat,please.回到座位上. (8)What day is it today? 今天星期几?(9)What is the date today? 今天几号呀?(10)What is the weather like today? 今天天气怎么样?4. 宣布(Announcing) (11)Let’s learn Lesson One. 我们学…课(12)First,Let’s review. / Let’s have a revision. 首先,让我们复习一下.(13)What did we learn yesterday / last time?上节课我们学了什么? 5. 提起注意(Directing attention) (14)Ready?/Are you ready? 准备好了吗?(15)Understand ? / Clear?/Do you understand? 懂了吗? (16)Be quiet,please./Quiet,please. 安静!(17)Listen /Look carefully,please 请仔细听/仔细看 !6. 课堂活动(Classroom activities) (18)Read it together./All together. 大家一起!(19)Let’s do it one by one.一个人一个人的做. (20)Now you,please./It’s your turn ,(Students name).轮到你了,….(21) Next,please. 下一个.Don’t speak out.别说出来. 7. 鼓励(Encouraging) (22)Can you try it ? 你能试一试吗?(23)Try your best./Do your best. 尽力试一试. (24)Don’t be afraid/shy. 别害怕/害羞.8. 指令(Issuing a command) (25)Follow / Read after /me,please.跟我读. (26)Repeat,please./ Again. 重复.(27)Once more,please./One more time,please. 再来一次. (28)Hands up/ ,please.请举手. (29)Hands down,please.放下手. (30)Please take out your books.拿出本子. (31)Please open your books at page…/Turn to Page… 打开书到…页.(32)Please answer my question(s).请回答问题.(33) Please read it loudly. /Loudly ,please. 请大声读.(34)Please stop now./Stop here,please.现在停止.9. 评价 (35)Good,thank you. 很好,谢谢.OK. / Good/Very good./Good job.很好,做的很好. Excellent./Great!/Well done.精彩!很好!太棒了.(36)I don’t think so.我可不这么认为.10. 布置作业(Setting homework) (37) Today’s homework… 今天的作业是…11. 下课(Dismissing the class) (38)That is all for today.今天就讲到这里吧. (39)Class is over.下课.Good bye.Bye. (40) See you next time.下节课见课堂常规用语一、 打招呼(Greetings)Good morning, class.Good afternoon, class 4.Good morning, everybody.Good afternoon, everyone.Good morning, boys and girls.Good afternoon, children.How are you all today?Are you all well this morning?打招呼之后,可以增加一两句(Beginning a chat)Well, did you have a good weekend?Well, did you enjoy the holiday?Well, what did you do yesterday evening?Tell me what you did at the weekend?谈谈学生衣着发型也可以:Oh, you\'ve got a new dress on. It\'s very nice.Oh, you\'ve got a new hair style.二、考勤(Checking attendance)1.点名Right ! I\'m going to call the row.OK ! Listen while I call your names.Now ! I\'ll take the register.Quiet f now, please. Listen while I see if you\'re all here.2.问缺席情况Now ! Let\'s see who\'s absent.Right ! Let\'s see if anyone\'s away.Is anybody absent?Is everybody here?3. 关照新生Oh, are you new?OK, are you a pupil?You have just come to this class (school), haven\'t you?Where do you come from?What\'s your name?Do you like the school?Welcome to our class.4. 谈缺勤原因Where\'s Wang Hai?Does anyone know where Li is?Can anyone tell me where Liu has gone?Who knows when he will be back?Han Meimei is ill today, isn\'t she?5. 关照病愈者You were absent for three lessons last week.Did you catch a cold?Oh, I\'m sorry.You\'ll catch up l won\'t you?Don\'t worry.You\'ve been absent for days, haven\'t you?You were away last lesson, weren\'t you?\' What was the matter?Why were you away?Are you better?How are you feeling now?Do you feel better?Well, Jane, ask your friends to help you.OK, you\'d better ask your neighbour to tell you what we\'ve done.Come and see me after the lesson, OK?三.介绍Now, let me introduce myself.I\'ll just tell you a bit about myself.My name is..., spelt...I\'ve been teaching in the school for 1O years.I come from Shanghai.I worked for a newspaper until last year.And what about you?Will you introduce yourselves?四.开始谈话T: I went to the Summer Palace (引出话题)Yesterday. Did any of you go?No?... Well, (无人回答,问某一学生)What did you do, -.. er... Zhang Hong.Zhang:... er... I-. - er. -. in home. (学生响应断断续续)T: Oh, you stayed at home. (“搭救“说话的学生 )Zhang: Yes, I stay at home.T: OK, you stayed at home. (暗中纠正时态)What did you do then?Zhang:... TV...T: Oh, you watched television 9 didn\'t you? Which programme?(继续问下去困难,可就此打住 )有关用语还有:Tell me what you did 1ast night.Will you te11 me a bit about your weekend?Could you tell us more about the programme?How did you like yesterday\'s party?五.建议 (Suggesting)Let\'s go through the text.Could you open your textbook and find Ex. 5 on page 45?Could you take out the cards?Will you all think of some questions to ask each other?Will you get together in groups and discuss the idea?Try to think it out for yourself.Let\'s work out how you could plan your piece of writing.Now you\'ve answered all the questions in full. You need to say a bitmore about that.You\'d better get that right.六.提起注意 (Directing students\' attention)Quiet, now, please. Let\'s work in pairs.Will you face the people in front of you?Fine. Look again carefully.Are you ready to listen?Are you all listening? OK, then.Now then something new! Let\'s change the topic.That was quite good, let\'s do it once more.七.请求(Making polite requests)Could you possibly plug the cassette player in for me?Can you check thetch is on?Will you go and fetch some chalk?Will you find the wall charts?Has anybody seen the stick/tape/drawing pins?Please could you put it up here?Please would you mind cleaning the board?八.指导 (Giving instructions)1. 纠正语音You\'d better listen again.Will you listen carefully?Now listen to the sound [a:].Not [a ], like this - you try.Don\'t forget it\'s [[] not [a ] in and.Now listen. There\'s something different, What\'s different? Listen.2. 启发思路Suppose a friend needs advice on the subject-You could agree with the other person and say something else.You may ask the reason.Shal1 1 demonstrate? Keep to the same pattern, ~ OK?What do you think the author will say next?I\'ll give you a cue. It\'s something to do with -.Let me give you some help. When did the man use the word?3. 介绍方法You\'d better put them together-Ask each other questions to find out what is different.Look at the sentence before and see if you can guess.You sort out these sentences, then copy them, taking care withcapital letters.You fill the blanks in these sentences, then write them neatly.4. 示范动作Look at what I\'m doing.You may do as I do.Please look at my mouth, like this -.九 宣告 (Announcements)1.宣布教学计划Today we\'re going to do three main things.First l I\'m going to introduce a few new words about weather. Thenyou\'re going to write a dialogue and act it out. After that, we aregoing to learn a new song.2. 宣布某些事项I have something to tell you before you go.There\'s a club meeting on Saturday. If you want to attend it, pleasewrite your name on thispiece of paper.3. 宣布教学项目Well, now, we\'re going to practise a short dialogue.l want to introduce to you a new programme now.十.解释 (Explaining)Listen to me and I\'ll explain the meaning of the word.Let me use the picture to show its meaning.The word ends in \'tion\' so it must be a noun-Let\'s see if you can guess. I\'ll give you an example: -.We can use this sentence to express -.What does it mean in the context? It\'s clear that the man used it toblame the boy.Look at the picture here- The man is standing by the window. Perhapshe is interested inWhat is happening in the street.What might happen in a few minutes? The boy is getting angry withMary.There are three people sitting by the river. They are looking at theship. The ship is very beautiful.十一.禁止 (Forbidding)T: OK t everybody. Quiet now please! No more talking.Wang Hai, stop chatting now. And you, Li Guang! Whose turn is it?S: It\'s my turn. (教学继续进行.)No talking!No chattingStop making a noise.Without disturbing the others.No more shouting !客气一些:Please will you stop interrupting the others JWould you mind not whispering?严重一些:There\'ll be trouble if you go on disturbing the others\'I\'ll report you to Miss Zhou if you go on being silly !更严重些:You shouldn\'t be have (be behaving) like that!Why are you passing notes?You can\'t copy ! Do it on your own !No dreaming1 Wake up! -Stop turning round !训练中禁止No writing while I\'m talking.Don\'t move your lips while (you\'re) reading.No, Wang Hai, that\'s not the way to learn English properly\'No, Han Meimei, it\'s not good to do pair practice like that-You\'re doing it the wrong way.十二.指命 (Issuing a command)By yourself. This is practice for the exam.Books closed.Back into groups, each person can say it in turn.You work in twos with two pictures.Silence.Quiet please.Stop now.Watch how I write it.Watch how to do it.Now, turn round, face the back ) without looking at the board.十三.警告(Warning)Careful. This is a hard sentence-Don\'t forget to write neatly.Make sure your spaces between words are clear.See that your \'U\'s are different from your \'v\' s.Copy them taking care with spelling.Watch your punctuation.

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