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同位语:当两个指同一事物句子成分放在同等位置时,一个句子成分可用解释另一个句子成分,前者就叫做后者的同位语,这两个句子的成分多由名(代)词担任,两者的语法形式相同,但功用不同,同位于通常多放在其所说明的名代词之后。例:we have two children ,a boy and a girl.分词作宾语补足语和主语补足语其实是同一成分用于两种不同的句式中。具体地说,主动态句子中的宾语补足语就是被动态句子中的主语补足语。分词作宾语补足语时,如果分词与宾语构成"主谓关系",用现在分词;如果构成"动宾关系",则用过去分词。常用分词作宾语补足语的动词有:find , feel , get , have , hear , keep , notice , see , watch等。例如: When I passed by his office , I found John reading something carefully . (宾语补足语)我经过约瀚的办公室时,发现他正在认真地看什么文件。 I heard my sister singing that song in English outside. (宾语补足语)我听到妹妹在外面用英文唱那首歌。 My sister was heard singing that song in English outside. (主语补足语)有人听到我妹妹在外面用英文唱那首歌。 They once heard the song sung in English. (宾语补足语)他们曾听见有人用英文唱那首歌。 The song was once heard sung in English. (主语补足语)有人曾听见那首歌被人用英文唱过。
今夕访古
关于同位语从句的英语语法
1.同位语从句:whether
whether可以引导同位语从句,而定语从句不能用whether作为引导词。
He hasn’t made the decision whether he will go there.
他还没有做出决定是否去那里。
I have small doubt whether he is suitable for the job.
他是否适合这件工作我有点怀疑。
2.同位语从句:that
些名词的后面可以接that引导的同位语从句:
We came to the decision that we must act at once. 我们做出决定:我们必须立即行动。
He made a proposal that the meeting be postpone. 他提议会议延期。
There was little hope that he would survive. 他幸存的希望很小。
在非正式语体中that可以省略。
以下名词常用于以上句型:
advice, announcement, argument, belief, claim, conclusion, decision, evidence, explanation, fact, feeling, hope, idea, impression, information, knowledge, message, news, opinion, order, probability, promise, proposal, remark, reply, report, saying, statement, suggestion, thought, treat, warning, wish, word
3.同位语从句:what
what可以引导同位语从句,而定语从句不能用what作为引导词
I have no idea what he is doing now. 我不知道他现在在干什么。
4.同位语从句:how
how可以引导同位语从句,而定语从句不能用how作为引导词
It’s a question how he did it. 那是一个他如何做了此事的`问题。
5.同位语从句:who等
who, whom, which, when, where, why用来引导同位语从句
The question who should do the work requires consideration.
谁该干这项工作,这个问题需要考虑。
She raised the question where we could get the fund.
她提出这个问题:我们到哪儿去搞这笔资金。
6.同位语从句和定语从句的区别
1)同位语从句和先行词是同等的关系;而定语从句是用来修饰先行词,是从属的关系。
2)that在同位语从句中没有词义,不充当句子成分;而在定语从句中充当主语、宾语等句子成分。
3)whether, what, how可以用来引导同位语从句;而它们不能用来引导定语从句。
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