英语现在分词用法

英语现在分词的用法：做表语、作定语、作状语、作宾补。

1、做表语：相当于形容词，表示主语的性质。

例如：He is an amusing man.他是一个很搞笑的人。

2、作定语：单个单词修饰发出该动作的名词，置于前面，短语置于后面，相当于定语从句。

例如：That must be a terrifying experience.那一定是个糟糕的经历。

3、作状语：现在分词短语可以表示一个同时发生的次要的或伴随的动作。

例如：Carrying the schoolbag, he opened the door.他打开门，背上书包。

现在分词短语还可以表示原因。

例如：Being refused, he is very sad.被拒绝了，他很伤心。

现在分词短语还可以表示时间。

例如： Be careful when you cleanning the window.擦窗的时候小心点。

4、作宾补：置于动词之后。

例如：I see something burning.我看到有些东西在燃烧。

（一）作定语1. 动词现在分词单独作定语，通常放在所修饰词前。例如：The sleeping boy is Tom.2. 现在分词短语作定语放在所修饰词的后面，意思同定语从句差不多。例如 ：Tell the children playing outside not to make too much noise. = Tell the children who are playing outside not to make too much noise.3. 现在分词可相当于非限制性定语，常用逗号分开。例如：Tom, wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill. = Tom, who is wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill.4. 有时现在分词可以和副词或名词构成复合词作定语。例如：This is an English-speaking country.（二）作表语现在分词作表语多表示主语的特征。如amusing, discouraging, puzzling, refreshing, astonishing, exciting 等。例如：The story is moving.（三）现在分词在句中作宾语补足语，这时现在分词和前面的宾语有逻辑上的“主表”关系或“主谓”关系。例如：We all found his equipment interesting. (主表关系)I saw Mary going upstairs then. (主谓关系)（四）作状语现在分词作状语，其逻辑主语一般是句中的主语，如果不是，需在V-ing 形式前加名词或代词主格作逻辑主语。1. 作原因状语，相当于原因状语从句。例如：Being ill, Mary didn't come to school yesterday.2. 作时间状语，相当于时间状语从句。例如：Seeing their teacher coming, the students stopped talking.如果现在分词表示的动作与谓语表示的动作同时发生，常在现在分词前加上when或while。例如：While waiting for the plane, I had a long talk with Simon.3. 作条件状语。V-ing 形式作条件状语时，相当于一个条件状语从句。例如：Working harder, you'll be No. 1 in your class.4. 作让步状语，相当于让步状语从句。例如：Weighing almost two hundred jin, the stone was moved by him alone.5. 作结果状语。例如：He died, leaving nothing but debts.6. 作伴随状语或方式状语。例如：He sat by the roadside, begging.（五） 现在分词的完成式表示它发生在主句谓语动词表示的动作之前。例如 ：Having finished his homework, he left the classroom.（六） 现在分词的被动式当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，用V-ing 形式的被动式。例如：The factory being built now is a big one.（七） 现在分词的否定形式是由“not + 现在分词”构成。例如：Not having been invited to the party, she had to stay home.