缺件上线英文

1. birthplace 出生地2. appearance 出现或：absence 缺席3. simply 仅仅/只是4. custom 风俗5. within 在...之内6. fair 恰当的/公平的7. ensure 确保8. bother 烦扰9. behavior 行为举止10. author 作者11. persuade 说服12. escaped 逃离13. sail 航驶14. lecture 讲学如果你满意我的答案，敬请采纳，这是对我们答题者劳动的尊重，多谢！

精益生产管理 一、什么是SOP SOP，又叫“标准作业程序”、“标准操作程序”，英文翻译是Standard Operation Procedure，取三个单词中首字母的大写即为SOP. 定义：指将某一事件的标准操作步骤和要求以统一的格式描述出来，用来指导和规范日常的工作。 SOP的精髓，就是将细节进行量化，用更通俗的话来说，SOP就是对某一程序中的关键控制点进行细化和量化。 1、SOP的特征 （1）SOP是一种程序。SOP是对一个过程的描述，不是一个结果的描述。同时，SOP不是制度，也不是表单，是流程下面某个程序中关控制点如何来规范的程序。 （2）SOP是一种作业程序。SOP是一种操作层面的程序，是具体可操作的，不是理念层次上的东西。如果结合ISO9000体系的标准，SOP是属于三阶文件，即作业性文件。 （3）SOP是一种标准的作业程序。所谓标准，有最优化的概念，即不是随便写出来的操作程序都可以称做SOP，而一定是经过不断实践总结出来的，在当前条件下可以实现的最优化的操作程序设计。说得更通俗一些，所谓的标准，就是尽可能地将相关操作步骤进行细化、量化和优化，细化、量化和优化的度就是在正常条件下大家都能理解又不会产生歧义。 （4）SOP不是单个的，是一个体系。虽然我们可以单独地定义每一个SOP，但真正从企业管理来看，SOP不可能只是单个的，必然是一个整体和体系，也是企业不可或缺的,而且这个标准作业程序一定是要做到细化和量化。 2、SOP的作用 （1）将企业积累下来的技术﹑经验,记录在标准文件中,以免因技术人员的流动而使技术流失; （2）使操作人员经过短期培训,快速掌握较为先进合理的操作技术; （3）根据作业标准,易于追查不良品产生之原因; （4）树立良好的生产形象，取得客户信赖与满意。 （5）是贯彻ISO精神核心(说，写，做一致)之具体体现，实现生产管理规范化、生产流程条理化、标准化、形象化、简单化。 （6）是企业最基本﹑最有效的管理工具和技术数据。 二、为什么企业要做SOP 1、为了提高企业的运行效率 由于企业的日常工作有两个基本的特征,一是许多岗位的人员经常会发生变动,二是一些日常的工作的基本作业程序相对比较稳定。 不同的人，由于不同的性格、学识和经验等,可能做事情的方式和步骤各不相同。 即使做事的方式和步骤有相同,但做每件事的标准和度仍会有一些差异。因此,我们就可以通过SOP的方式将微笑进行量化，即将细节进行量化和规范了。 同时，由于SOP本身也是在实践操作中不断进行总结、优化和完善、持续改进的产物，在这一过程中积累了许多人的共同智慧，精益争霸，因此相对比较优化，能提高做事效率。 通过每个SOP对相应工作的效率提高，企业通过整体SOP体系必然会提高整体的运行效率。 2、为了提高企业的运行效果 由于SOP是对每个作业程序的控制点操作的优化，这样每位员工都可以按照SOP的相关规定来做事，就不会出现大的失误。 即使出现失误也可以很快地通过SOP加以检查发现问题，并加以改进。 同时，有了SOP，保证了我们日常工作的连续性和相关知识的积累，也无形中为企业节约了一些管理投入成本。 从每一个企业的经营效果来看，关键的竞争优势在于成本最低或差异化。对于同等条件的竞争企业来看，差异化往往不是在硬件，而是在软件。 软件的差异化又往往不是在大的战略方面，而是在具体的细节。细节的差异化不体现在理解上，而体现在能否将这些细节进行量化，也即细节决定成败。 因此，从这个意义上来看，SOP对于提高企业的运行效果也是有非常好的促进作用。 三、如何做SOP （1）先做SOP编写流程。 明确SOP的编号、工序名称、编写人、初稿完成时间、小组讨论时间及最终的定稿时间。 （2）确定每一个需要做SOP工作的执行步骤。 编写小组要有团队精神，可以要求相关部门给予支持：专门的时间、提供相关资料等。 （3）套用公司模板，制定SOP。 （4）SOP的讨论修订。 统一认识，达成共识。 （5）SOP的试运行。 通过实践来检验SOP的合理性和可操作性 （6）SOP的定稿、批准和执行。 建立与SOP相应的查核表（工段长、工艺工程师两级查核） （7）适时更新。 当工艺要求、设备状况等发生改变，一些操作方法的改进时，要对SOP进行 四、做好SOP六要素 1）物料名称及数量 2）工装夹具 3）设备名称及参数 4）作业步骤 5）人员配置 6）安全因素 1.物料 在生产前须确认好本工位所需的物料和准备的物料是否一致、数量是否正确，物料是否经过IQC检验。当全部确认无误后方能上线生产。 生产过程中绝不接受不良品，绝不生产不良品，绝不传递不良品。 2.工装夹具 每天上班前对夹具进行校准检查，确认工装夹具是否能够正常使用。 3.设备 设备操作工必须经培训合格后方能上岗操作机器，在设备开启前先仔细阅读设备使用说明书及设备各参数的设定值，精益争霸 然后按照使用说明书对机器进行操作，且确定设定的各参数值与要求的参数值相同。 4.作业步骤 操作步骤是SOP内容中的重点，必须简洁、明了，让人一看就懂，一看就知道怎么操作。 SOP需要达到的效果是一个新人一来就可以独立操作且产品质量合格，这也是SOP的最高境界。 5.人员配置 SOP中各工位须确定人员，这样可以避免每天上班还得需要班组长对人员进行分配。 这样每天上线前员工知道自己要做什么准备，并且可以让他们更熟练本工位工作。工位定员的话既可以节约时间，又可以保证质量。 6.安全因素 任何操作都有可能导致产品的质量问题，所以我们在SOP中必须包含操作的注意事项、检查项目和一些人员安全须知。

这个有3000吧! 自从二十世纪八十年代开始，现代物流率先出现于欧美等工业国家，并以其独特的魅力受到全球工商界企业的青睐，得到了迅猛的发展，被誉为企业发展的“加速器”和二十一世纪的“黄金产业”，成为新兴的经济增长点。现在，在世界各国，越来越多的企业不惜巨资投向现代物流企业，同时现代物流企业也成为了全球金融投资家关注的重点行业之一。现代物流，炙手可热。 在钢铁产品流通领域内，现代物流意味着包括钢材在内的生产资料和生活资料等所有物质资料从供给者到需求者的物理性活动，是为了满足消费者需求而进行的对原材料、中间库存、最终产品及相关信息从起始地到消费地的有效流动及存储的计划、实施与控制的过程。现代物流强调的是这个过程的有效流动与存储，以及信息及管理在物流中的作用。 我国钢铁行业物流现状 我国钢材流通领域的物流产业与欧美等发达国家相比，从总体来说，还是处于比较落后的状态，主要是存在以下五个方面的不足： 物流产业起步较晚 各自为战，尚未建立全国范围内的物流体系 基础配套设施等硬件条件差 经营管理理念和方法不先进 现代物流的认识和理论研究还有待提高 在看到我国钢铁流通领域内物流产业的不足之处的同时，我们也要看到经过各个方面不懈努力取得的进步和成绩。现在，我国钢铁行业及钢材流通领域的现代物流基本上是处于良性循环的蓬勃发展趋势之中。 大型钢铁企业纷纷兴办物流公司，利用自身雄厚的人力、物力资源，打造出享誉我国钢铁流通领域内的物流企业品牌。从1982年开始，鞍钢就设计并实施了众多的大型技改项目的物流解决方案，累计运输和管理进出口物资总值高达300多亿元人民币，积累了丰富的现代物流经验。鞍钢物流业的发展是立足在其自身的四大优势基础之上的：一是在许多港口的费率是同类企业中最低的；二是与许多船舶公司、航空公司已经建立了良好的伙伴关系；三是与海关、商检部门有良好的合作，通关能力十分强；四是具有良好的品牌和信誉，这也是鞍钢发展物流业的最大资本。目前，辽宁省内许多企业已表示出浓厚的与鞍钢物流企业合作的愿望，其中三家企业已通过鞍钢国贸国际货运有限公司做成了生意。 中小型钢铁企业也不甘心失去发展现代物流的有利契机，同时希望通过现代物流的强力推动，缩短与大型钢铁企业间的距离。莱钢根据企业物流的现状，在物流优化和整合上大做文章，以便降低企业物流成本，提高企业的综合竞争能力。为此，莱钢专门成立了“现代物流管理部”，负责莱钢物流的优化与整合工作；聘请物流专家对莱钢的物流进行诊断，制定物流优化整合方案，指导企业进行现代物流管理创新；建立物流优化与整合的数字模型，将各个生产企业的原燃料采购、生产过程的半成品转移及产品销售至用户的全过程进行系统优化，以从更大范围内优化企业生产成本，实现莱钢物流管理的整体创新。 网上招标与采购，是钢铁产品与钢材流通领域内迈向现代物流的实质性一步。“中国钢铁联合采购招标系统”自2001年10月在国内冶金行业正式推出后，发展势头十分强劲。这一系统可以提供全程进行网上发标、加密投标、截标、网上解密开标的招标采购平台，并且采用了用户IC卡系统和先进的复合数字加密技术。如今，通过“中国钢铁联合采购招标系统”已累计实现网上采购额4.5亿元。2002年1月，北京首钢新钢有限责任公司通过“中国钢铁联合采购招标系统”网上发布9大类48个标书，采购品种规格共有200多个，价值达到8258万元，之后举行网上开标，实施采购，参加网上投标的供应商有76家。现在，越来越多的供应商以钢铁企业网上招标采购为契机，积极参加网上供应行列，进入这一网上大市场。 相比国外企业差距明显 在我国，钢铁系统物流产业的发展毕竟还才起步，从整体上看，还不能适应钢铁生产和钢材贸易发展的需要，物流企业在规模、效益、物流技术和管理水平等方面与国外物流企业相比，还存在很大的差距，面临着许多亟待解决的问解，主要表现在以下八个方面： 钢铁行业的物流缺乏整体规划，各环节没有理顺，物流布局不合理，物流成本很高，物流方式单一，物流市场无序竞争，导致物流业整体效益不佳。 专业化程度不高，业态发展不平衡，企业“大而全”、“小而全”的现象较为普遍，专业化程度低，物流运输、仓储的现代水平较低，物流中心和配送中心的建设在规模和发展速度上都还不适应现代物流的要求。 物流系统效率低下，物流成本居高不下，主要表现在运输时间、储存时间、基础设施劳动生产率等三个方面。 物流基础设施不匹配，物流技术装备水平低，物流中心和配送中心的建设规模和发展速度都不适应现代物流的要求。我国的钢铁企业多数都是计划经济下的产物，条块分割、多头管理的传统经营管理模式的影响根深蒂固，导致各种物流基础设施的规划和建设缺乏必要的协调，因而配套性、兼容性差，导致系统功能不强。 物流系统一般技术水平低，装备落后。在仓储设施方面，第三方物流企业拥有的仓库70％是普通平房仓库，现代化立体自动化仓储设施比例较低，具有冷藏、保鲜、气调的仓库更少。在使用的搬运工具中，人工搬运车、手推叉车和普通起重设备占到70％以上，而可视屏叉车等现代化的搬运工具却很少采用。第三方物流企业拥有的运输车辆中，普通车辆占到70％以上，现代化的箱式货柜和集装箱拖头及特种运输车辆却很少。 物流专业人才短缺。物流人才是钢铁系统的物流业发展的关键，也是物流企业成长的保障。而我们钢铁企业或钢材流通领域的物流管理和人才培养，都还相当滞后，没有形成适应我国现状的物流理论和现代物流管理体系，物流人才培育比较困难。 标准化建设滞后。物流是跨地区、跨行业的运作系统，标准化程度的高低不仅关系到各种物流功能、要素之间的有效衔接和协调发展，也在很大程度上影响着物流效率的提高。物流器具标准不配套，托盘标准化没有推行，严重影响了物流的效率。 信息化程度低，现代营销和经营水平不高。目前不少从事钢材贸易的经营企业，大多还处于电话联系、手工操作、人工装卸较低层次的运作阶段。而在现代物流系统中，物流信息并不局限于单个企业的内部，需要在相关企业进行广泛的交换。在相关交易者之间进行网络连接，零售企业向批发企业或厂商发出的订货信息会同时发往物流企业，从而实现即时交货。但现在绝大多数的钢材贸易商是依*纸媒体的信息传递，这显然是无法实现钢材的现代物流。 尽管我国刚刚起步的钢铁流通领域内的物流企业还存在诸多问题，然而其发展的前景十分广阔，有着巨大的发展潜力和成长空间。随着我国经济的持续发展、市场经济的逐渐成熟、全球经济结构调整及产业的不断升级，这都将使我国钢铁行业的物流业的地位和作用发生深刻的变化，物流业必须成为促进我国钢铁工业和钢材贸易蓬勃发展的重要载体。 Since the 20th century, the beginning of the 1980s, modern logistics first appeared in Europe and the United States and other industrial countries, and its unique charm by the global business enterprises favored by the rapid development Hailed as the development of enterprises "accelerator" and the 21st century "gold industry," and become a new point of economic growth. Now, the nations of the world, more and more enterprises at Juzidouxiang modern logistics enterprises Meanwhile modern logistics enterprises have become the global financial investors concerned about one of the key sectors. Modern logistics, hot. In the circulation of steel products, Modern logistics means including steel, means of production and means of subsistence all material information from supplier to the demand - Rational activities, in order to meet consumer demand for the right raw materials, intermediate stock, the final product and related information from the consumer to start to the effective flow and storage of the planning, implementation and control of the process. Modern logistics emphasis of this process is efficient, effective flow and storage, and information management and logistics in the role. China's steel industry logistics situation of China's steel domain to the logistics industry and Europe and the United States and other developed nations, Generally speaking, or at a relatively backward state, is primarily the following five aspects of the inadequate : Logistics Industry late start fighting each other, yet to establish a nationwide system of logistics supporting infrastructure such as hardware poor management philosophy and methods are not advanced modern Logistics understanding and theoretical research remains to be seen in the increase in China's steel circulation within the logistics industry shortcomings in the meantime, We have to see that through all aspects of the unremitting efforts made progress and achievements. Now, China's iron and steel industry and steel circulation of modern logistics is basically a benign cycle in the vigorous development trends. Large iron and steel enterprises have set up logistics companies, using its abundant human and material resources, The building of China's steel circulation reputation in the field of logistics enterprises brand. From the beginning in 1982, when the volume on the design and implementation of a large number of major technology projects logistics solutions, total transport and import and export goods and materials management worth more than 300 billion yuan, has accumulated a wealth of experience of modern logistics. Angang development of the logistics industry is based on its own foundation of the four major advantages : First, in many ports rate is the lowest among similar enterprises; Second, with many shipping companies. Airlines have established a good partnership; Third, customs, commodity inspection departments have good cooperation. clearance capacity is very strong; 4 is a good brand and reputation, it is also Angang development of the logistics industry in the largest capital. Currently, many enterprises in Liaoning province have expressed strong with Angang logistics enterprises desire to cooperate these three enterprises have adopted international cargo Angang ITC Ltd. made a business. Small and medium-sized iron and steel enterprises have not reconciled to losing the development of modern logistics of the favorable opportunity, also hope that through modern logistics of promoting strong, with large steel shorten the distance between enterprises. Laigang logistics enterprises under the current situation, the logistics optimization and integration of a big fuss about the logistics enterprises in order to reduce costs, enhance the comprehensive competitiveness. To this end, Laiwu Steel established the "Modern Logistics Management," responsible for the logistics of Laigang optimization and integration; hire experts on the logistics of the logistics Laigang diagnosis, develop integrated logistics optimization program, direct enterprises in modern logistics management innovation; the establishment of logistics optimization and integration of numerical models, all of the original production enterprises fuel procurement, production process and the transfer of semi-finished products to the customer sales process for system optimization, from the greater scope to optimize production costs and achieve Laigang the overall logistics management innovation. Online bidding and procurement, steel products and steel circulation towards modern logistics substantive step. "China's steel joint procurement tender system" since October 2001 in the domestic metallurgical industry following the formal launch of development momentum is very strong. The system can provide full Internet Hair, encryption tender, the tender closing, the online decryption opening a tender for the procurement platform, and the use of IC card system and advanced composite digital encryption technology. Today, the "Chinese steel joint procurement tender system" has realized a total online purchases 450 million yuan. January 2002. Beijing Shougang Steel new limited liability company through "Chinese steel joint procurement tender system," published online September 48 largest category of bids , procurement specifications varieties were more than 200, the value of 82.58 million yuan, to be held after the opening of the Internet, implementation of the procurement, participate in the online bidding vendors are 76. Now, an increasing number of suppliers to the steel business online bidding for the opportunity to actively participate in the ranks of online suppliers, Internet access to the big market. Compared with foreign enterprises, an obvious gap in our steel logistics system, after all, the development of the industry will also start from the overall perspective, still unable to meet steel production and steel trade development needs of logistics enterprises in terms of scale, efficiency, logistics technology and management standards with respect to foreign logistics enterprises, there is a wide gap between faced many pressing to resolve the question of solutions, mainly in the following eight areas : the iron and steel industry, logistics lack of overall planning, the segment did not straighten out, the logistics of irrational arrangement, the high cost of logistics, logistics means of a single, disordered competition in the logistics market, logistics industry as a whole led to poor efficiency. The degree of specialization is not high, Business uneven development, enterprises, "large and all-embracing", "dumbbell" of a common phenomenon, and Low degree of specialization, transport and logistics, warehousing modern low level. logistics centers and distribution centers in the construction scale and the pace of development has not yet adapted to the demands of modern logistics. Inefficient logistics system, the high cost of logistics, mainly in the transport, storage time, infrastructure such as labor productivity in three aspects. Logistics infrastructure does not match, the logistics technology and equipment, the low level logistics center and distribution center of the scale and speed of development of modern logistics do not meet the requirements. China's iron and steel enterprises are mostly under the planned economy product fragmentation, overlapping management and the traditional management patterns of deep-rooted, led to various logistics infrastructure planning and construction of a lack of the necessary coordination, thus compatibility and coordination poor, lead to the system function is not strong. Logistics systems generally low level of technology, equipment behind. Storage and warehousing facilities, the third party logistics warehouse owned 70% ordinary cottage warehouse, Stereo modern automated storage facilities a lower proportion is frozen, refrigeration, air conditioning fewer warehouses. In the use of the removal tool, manual handling car, pushing a forklift and the general lifting equipment accounted for more than 70%, and can screen forklift handling and other modern tools has been rarely used. Third-party logistics enterprises owned transport vehicles, ordinary vehicles accounted for more than 70%, modern box-type containers and container tractors and special transport vehicles were few. Shortage of logistics professionals. Steel logistics personnel system is the development of the logistics industry is seen as a key logistics enterprises grow protection. Our steel or steel circulation field of logistics management and personnel training, are also considerable lag, not suitable to the status of China's logistics theory and modern logistics management systems, logistics personnel training more difficult. Standardization lag. Logistics is a trans-regional and cross-sectoral operating system, the level of standardization is not only related to various logistics functions, elements of an effective interface between the development and coordination, has also significantly influenced the logistics efficiency. Logistics support equipment standards, standardization tray is not implemented, a serious impact on the efficiency of logistics. A low degree of information technology, modern marketing and operating level is not high. Many in the steel trade enterprises, are still in the telephone links by hand. Artificial handling low-level operational phase. In modern logistics system, the Logistics Information is not confined to a single enterprise's internal, In related businesses need a wide-ranging exchange. In related transactions between network connectivity, Retail enterprises to manufacturers and wholesale enterprises or orders issued by the information will also be sent to the logistics businesses, thereby achieving prompt delivery. But now, the majority of the steel traders according * permits the transmission of information to the media, it is impossible to achieve the steel of modern logistics. Although China has just started the flow of steel in the field of logistics enterprises still have many problems, However, its development prospects are very broad and has tremendous potential for development and growth space. With China's sustained economic development, the market economy gradually mature, the global economic structural adjustment and the industry has been escalating and This will make China's iron and steel industry, the status of the logistics industry and the role undergoing profound changes, logistics industry must be the promotion of China's iron and steel industry and steel trade to flourish the major carriers.