英文up

英语up的各种用途详解

想要学好英语怎么能不知道up的各种用法呢?下面就让我为大家详解一下吧。

在英语里“up”的用途极为广泛;它是副词虚助词，也是介词，词义不止一个。

下面是“up”的六项主要用途：

一、作副词或介词，表示“向上”，如：

(1) The monkey climbed up the tree.

(2) Two boys helped the old man up.

(3) I can't hear you. Can you please speak up?

二、作副词或介词，意思“由远处到近处、由南到北、由小地方到大地方”，如：

(4) The dog-trainer led the dogs up the street.

(5) We would like to go up to town.

(6) This train is running up north.

(7) They have driven all the way up to the capital of Malaysia.

三、表示“……完毕。或……起来”，如：

(8)The hungry dog ate up all the leftover food.

(9)The library staff piled up the books in good order.

用“动词+up”来表示“做好、做完”的例子很多，常见的还有这些：

Button up, clear up, dry up, mix up, tie up, wrap up, pack up, tidy up, use up等。

四、可有可无的“up”，如：

(10) The road to the school was blocked (up) for some time because of the flood.

(11) Please fill (up) this form and then give it to me.

(10) 和 (11) 里的“up”可用可不用，意思都一样只是加上了“up”感到稳健些。

下面这些“动词+up”里的“up”也是可有可无，没有影响语义：

close up, divide up, hurry up, polish up, check up, follow up, finish up, seal up等。

五、协助组成片语动词，如：

(12) Something surprising has turned up.

(13) The train picked up speed after a while.

(14) Where did you pick up that habit?

(15) Please speed up if you don't want to lag behind.

常见的含“up”的片语动词(phrasal verbs)还有：

bring up(抚养长大), brush up(复习), crop up(突然出现), ring up(打电话), give up(放弃), look up(查阅), let up(中止)等。

六、协助组成一些具特殊意义的惯用语，如：

(16) Time is up.(时间到了)

(17) This matter is up to you; I wouldn't mind(由你决定).

(18) What are you up to?(搞什么鬼?)

(19) I am up to my ears in work.(忙得不可开交)

(20) Your mother has been looking for you up and down.(四处寻找)

(21) Many older people have experienced the ups and downs of life.(盛衰变化)

“up”用法归纳 up具有两种词性：后边没有宾语或跟有其他介词时,up为副词,后边跟有宾语时,up为介词.1．表示“向目的地”或“向说话人所在地”,如：The bus couductor came up to me．（副词）公共汽车售票员向我走来.（说话人所在地）The main troops moved up to the front．（副词）主力部队向前线开去.（目的地）2．表示“向（在）上,向（在）北方,向（在）中心地带,向（在）住宅区”等,其反义词为down,如：He's now up on the roof．（副词）他现在在房顶上.They are climbing up the hill．（介词）他们正在登山.His home is up in the North．（副词）他的家在北方.The Red Army was then going up to resist the Japanese invaders．（副词）红军当时正北上抗日.I'm going up to Beijing next week．（副词）下个星期我将到北京去.They sailed up the river．（介词）他们向河的上游驶去.The returned overseas Chinese travelled up the country．（介词）那些归国华侨在内地旅行.He's gone downtown shopping and he'll be（up）home in an hour．（副词）他进城去买东西去了,过一个小时就回来.3．up跟road／street搭配时,有时不表示“向北,向上”,而表示：①“沿着”,相当于down或along,如：I was walking up／down／along the road．（介词）我沿着大街走.②up有“向近处来”之意,down则有“向远处去”之意,如：Just then I saw some students coming up the street．（介词）正在那时,我看见一些学生朝这边走来.I hurried down the steps and ran down the street trying to catch up with him．（该句中down是介词,up是动—副—介型多词动词里的小品副词）我匆匆走下台阶,向街的远处跑去,想追上他.4．be up表示①起床；②结束Is he up yet?他起床了吗?No,he isn't．没有.Time's up．（-The time is up．）时间到了.When is your leave up?你的休假到期了吗?5．up to将近（=nearly）A walking fish can stay outside of the water for up to twelve hours．会走的鱼能在水外呆将近12小时.6．be up to sb．to do sth．表示“由某人负责做某事”.如：It was up to me to get the four of us moving．该由我负责使我们四人行动起来.It is up to you to decide．这得由你决定.7．跟动词连用表示多种意义,如：①跟某些动词连用,表示“向上,起来”之意,如：set up搭起 sit up坐起来 sail up驶向上游stand up站起来 climb up爬上 go up上升pick up捡起 pull up拔出 get up起床pile up堆起 screw up鼓起 look up举目crawl up爬上 move up向上移动 rush up向上冲②跟某些动词连用表示“（使）处于,保持在高处”之意,如：hang（keep,stop,tie,fix,stay）up挂（保持,停,捆,固定,呆）在上面③跟某些及物动词连用,表示“把……完成或破坏掉”之意,如：cover up盖上 drink up喝完 cut up砍掉dry up弄干 eat up吃光 wash up洗掉fill up装满 light up照亮 make up组成pack up包上 tear up撕掉 tie up捆上use up用完 catch up赶上 burn up烧掉shut up将……关起来 lock up把……锁起来clean up把……收拾干净 wrap up把……包起来④跟某些动词连用,各有其意,有的还一词多义.如：sit／stay up开夜车 ring／call up打电话do up 1）修缮 2）修理 3）打包,装罐 4）梳理,盘（发）5）整形,装饰6）扣好（女衫）7）破产,完蛋 8）痛打take up 1）拿起 2）让……上车 3）吸收,溶解 4）开始从事采取……态度,养成……习惯 5）占去（时间,地方,注意力） 6）接过别人事 7）接受别人的挑战等 8）（学校）开学,上课 9）抓住要点up跟动词连用构成短语动词时,均是副词.