踏雪1230
动物、植物病毒的结构动物和植物病毒，特别是相当多的动物病毒，其核衣壳外面还有一层或多层由糖蛋白、脂类所构成的囊膜把它们包裹起来，如流感病毒、疱疹病毒、狂犬病毒、水泡性口膜炎病毒以及小麦丛矮病毒等。有的病毒在囊膜的最外层还有突起物。引起天花一类疾病的痘病毒是最大、结构最复杂的一类病毒，外形呈砖状或面包状，大小300nm×250nm×100 nm，所以用光学显微镜就可以看到，但要看清表面结构还需要电子显微镜。它的核衣壳的结构复杂，而且囊膜上还有很多管状突起物。昆虫病毒的结构昆虫病毒基本分三类：一类是病毒核衣壳颗粒为游离态，没有囊膜包被，也没有结晶状蛋白质包被的；第二类是核衣壳外有囊膜包被的；第三类是核衣壳外面有很多蛋白质晶体包被，形成多角形的包涵体，呈四面、长方、六面和十二面等，所以称为多角体病毒。细菌病毒——噬菌体的结构噬菌体是一类寄生于细菌的病毒的总称，英文名称为bacteriophage，简称phage，来源于希腊文“phagos”，是“吞噬”的意思。在结构上，噬菌体比我们大家熟知的细菌、真菌要简单得多。关于噬菌体的结构、侵染方式、复制、成熟（包装）等是病毒学中研究的最早、最清楚的一类病毒。如果在培养皿中使培养基内长满细菌，就好像一片草地，如果有噬菌体活动，我们就能在这片“草地”上发现一个个透明的圆圈，这是因为细菌被噬菌体分解了。我们把这些透明圈称为噬菌斑。大家熟知的噬菌体的构型有以下几种。绝大多数噬菌体为裸露的球状、纤维状或丝状，只有极个别的才带有包得很紧的脂蛋白囊膜， 还有一种噬菌体是有头有尾，核酸包在头部外壳中，头是二十面体对称，而尾是螺旋对称。在病毒中有两种特殊情况：一种是类病毒（viroids），它是一种只含有RNA而缺少蛋白的具有感染性的独特因子；与之相反，朊病毒（prions）是一种只含蛋白，缺少核酸具有感染性的特异因子。
城阳高升移门
Part IV reduce inflammation of the gums behind and mitigation standards Application : The standards applicable to the assessment and certification contain enough to reduce inflammation and alleviate inner components of products including toothpaste, wash water and other products. The enactment of this standard reference literature and standards : Ability to reduce inflammation and alleviate Most clinical trials First, the general principles 1. Containing new active ingredients or product system Containing new active ingredients or systematic enough to reduce inflammation and alleviate back the efficacy of products should be two independent clinical testing certification. 2. Has been tested to contain the active ingredient clinical products Clinical containing has been tested to reduce plaque and periodontal inflammation active ingredients or reduce the system's effectiveness oral care supplies, choose appropriate Yakenyan patients, the certification contain the same concentration of active ingredients imported products and products with the equivalent of positive, but also negative in the establishment of a control group or placebo. 3. Products (such as toothpaste) containing different, may affect ability to reduce inflammation and alleviate Most of the 237,448 active (non-reactive components), its effectiveness through clinical testing certification. 4. Biological active ingredients, recipes and stability needed for use by the applicant to provide effective proof. Second, the research design (random and compare) General law should be applied blind, stratified, two units parallel observation clinical research methods. Third, the duration of the pilot Ability to reduce inflammation and alleviate Most clinical trials required to observe longer. Normally be for six months, at least three clinical examination (baseline, three months, six months). 4, the study : Applying the exclusion criteria and to meet with Yakenyan into adult male and female. General group completed pilot groups should be greater than the number 30. 5, inspection or use indicators index 1. Should include recognized easily index and the indicators reflect the degree of periodontal inflammation. The former includes enough coverage (such as from the Turesky improved Quigley & Hein PLI) or Junban thickness (Silness & L ö e PLI), the focus should be observed near the gums and neighbors face the fate Junban. In selecting the above-mentioned indicators, should be explained and justified. Use the index recorded Kenyan bleeding gums extent of available BI (controls) or MBI, also available BOP% (mine up the place after a bleeding point total population% of the total spaces points). May also be used to bite and bite at the nipple changes colour patterns based index, such as the ability index (GI). If the use of other methods, these methods should have at least the same sensitivity. 2. In principle, there should be checks and records all around the mouth of teeth, dental check every six spaces points (adjacent to the mouth, cheek side of the central and lateral entry far, nearly broke side, adjacent to the tongue, tongue side far), or four spaces points (adjacent to three entry points and places adjacent to the tongue). Inappropriate use of teeth (as Ramfjord teeth, CPI teeth, etc.). 6, the issuance and use of products 1. Quick comparison of products and positive effective products should contain the same concentration of ingredients and other textiles, and other elements should be identical or similar. Overpack and appearance should be similar, if not achieved this requirement, then only a single blind testing by the inspection of non-payment products. 2. To the degree that use requirements and attention matters. As far as possible quantitative, toothpaste every usage (such as the length of one Gaoti centimeters, or one 10ml bottle each Hanshu fluid, etc.), daily use of uniform frequency, duration, etc. 3. In addition to the certification of products should be maintained outside the terms agreed, as all use the same toothbrush degree, but can maintain the original degree Brushing habits. First, because even with the uniform methodology, not necessarily good person can grasp and compliance; Second, to test a more realistic life different groups. 7, the evaluation results 1. According to the medical statistical methods to test and control groups, respectively, the indicators of statistical tests and the entire population mean changes; And the time between the two groups, and changes in the statistical analysis of the indicators. 2. Results of the assessment should be based on the clinical indicators and distance changes between the comparative group identified, the report should include the value of statistics and the results should not simply be used from the 4 evaluation criteria (soil, effective, progress, invalid). In each clinical research, testing group compared with a control group, the target should be reduced to meet the following conditions : [(contrast-test) / contrast ]=15%. 3. By reducing the volume or change Junban Junban pathogenic inflammation of the gums and control products should be reduced or volume measurement Junban reduce pathogenic nature, and have statistical differences. 不晓得准不?
小泥格格
刷牙 brush one's teeth更多释义>> [网络短语] 刷牙 Tooth brushing;brush one's teeth;Brushing 我刷牙 I brush my teeth;I am brushing;I brush your teeth 刷牙洗脸 Grooming;Brush your teeth wash;Brush wash
