米老鼠NANA
牛津的书应该是LOOKING GOOD,FEELING GOOD内容如下：Unit 3 Looking good,Feeling good Part 1 Words 1.stay link-v= continue in a certain state 保持，维持(后面跟形容词或名词作表语) You must get enough sleep to stay healthy. The shop stays open until ten at night. They stayed friends for years. 2.ashamed adj. 羞愧的，感到难为情的（后跟+of 。。。/to do 。。/ that。。。） She was ashamed of having failed in the examination. He felt ashamed of having done so little work . I'm quite ashamed to have troubled you so many times. I feel ashamed that I haven't written for so long. 3.since conj. 1) = because 2)=now that Great changes have taken place in China since the open-policy system was carried out Since you have finished your work ,you may go now. 4.work vi Everyone has to work to live.（工作） My watch doesn't work.（运转） The medicine worked .After I took it ,I felt better.（起作用，有效果，奏效） 5.recover vt =get /find something again With the help of the police ,she recovered her lost watch. He was determined to recover his honor. After the operation ,it took the patient a long time to recover his health. Vi = become well again Now he is recovering from a bad cold . Trade soon recovered from the effects of the war. 6.contain vt 包含，容纳,含有 This theatre can contain 4000 people. We can't eat much food that contains too much fat. 注意：contain /include 都有包含的意思。Contain可表示包含所含之物的全部或部分，而include则只是包含一部分。Include 着重被包含者只是整体中的一部分；contain 着重"内有"。 I have a story-book which contains a lot of interesting stories .The wolf is coming is included . 7.match v 和。。相配/相称 ;敌得过,比得上 The color of the shirt doesn't match that of the tie. No one can match him in singing. n. 相配的人或物。配对物 The blue shirt and gray tie are a good match Bill is no match for his brother on it . 注意： go with 与…相配/配套 You'd better buy some tapes to go with your English book. 8.damage vt 损害,毁坏 The car was damaged in the serious accident. It's wrong of you to damage your health by smoking . n 损害,损失 Human activities are doing great damage to the earth . Smoking causes much damage to one's health. 注意:类似的词 如destroy /harm /spoil 9.embarrass vt 使…窘迫/使..不好意思/局促不安 He has been embarrassed by his debts for years. be/feel/get embarrassed about He was embarrassed about that stupid mistake. Don't feel embarrassed about being different from others in public. When he was asked to answer that embarrassing question , he became very embarrassed. embarrassment n 尴尬 10. diet vi 节食;控制饮食 The doctor has dieted the patient strictly. "No sugar in my coffee, please; I'm dieting." n 节食;日常饮食 The Chinese diet contains lots of fruit and green vegetables ,while the western diet contains too much sugar and fat. The doctor put his patient on a diet of low fat and sugar. I mustn't have too much potato because I'm now on a diet. 注意 : diet 指习惯上吃的食物,又指规定的食物,特指维持健康的定质或定量的食物 food 是一般用语,指任何能吃且有营养的东西. 10.consider vt 1)考虑 ~ +sth /doing sth / 从句 Have you considered this problem? I have considered changing my job. He considered whether he should do it . 2) 认为;把…视为~ + to be …/ as …/that 从句 He is considered ( to be) / as an expert in computer science . She considered herself( to be) lucky. I consider that driving at such a speed is dangerous. consideration n. 考虑 take sth into consideration 考虑… 11.affect vt 1)影响 Smoking affects a person's health. 2)感动 He was deeply affected by the moving story. n. effect have an effect on sb/sth have much /no / little effect on 12.risk vt ~ one's life /fortune/health ~ doing sth. He risked his life in saving the child. I risked losing my job by arguing with the boss. n He saved the child at the risk of losing his life. During my life ,I have to take/run risks. 13.recognize vt 认出，识别；认可，公认 I recognized Peter although I hadn't seen him for 10 years. lrealize vt 实现，认识到，了解 I hope we can realize our dreams. I realized that I was wrong. 14.control vt （controlled ,controlled）控制 We should learn to control our feelings and don't get angry easily. Nobody can control him ;he is free to do what he wants to . n in control of 对。。。控制 out of control （某物）失控 15．count vt 1) 数，记数Can you count from 1 to 20 ? 2) 有价值/有重要性 Her opinion counts because of her experience. 3) 认可，有效 You didn't shut your eyes before you made the wish ,so it doesn't count! 4)认为 (~ sb as ~ )We count her as one of our oldest friends. 16 concentrate vt /vi 集中（注意力，思想等）；全神贯注 You should concentrate on/upon your study. concentration n focus on 集中。。于。。 17 amount n 量 ，数量 a large amount of money in amount=in all 1）修饰可数名词的（词或词组）: a good /great many books a large number of books quite a few books many a/an +单数可数名词 2）修饰不可数名词 a great deal of money a large sum of money 3) 两者都可修饰 a lot of =lots of plenty of a large quantity of /large quantities of Part Ⅱ Phrases and expressions 1.be healthy attractive 2.dying to be thin 3.hear from sb 4.used to do 5.work out 6.stay slim 7.lose some weight/put on 8.be ashamed of sth 9.be popular among/with sb 10.keep doing sth 11.recover from liver failure 12.regret to do /doing 13.contain a harmful chemical 14.cause my liver to fail 15.donate sth to sb 16.follow the doctor's advice 17.damage your health 18.a touching story 19.be embarrassed about your weight 20.go on diets 21.learn from 22.come across 23.in secret 24.get hurt 25.build up your strength 26.on your own 27.consider doing sth 28.fall out 29.side effects 30.take the risk 31.recommend sth to sb 32.get sth for free 33.along with 34.in the long /short term 35.give up on sport 36.prepare you for the day to come 37.as a matter of fact 38.take in 39.make some suggestions 40.give adivice 41.in no time 42.in time / on time /at any time/ at times/from time to time/at a time/at one time/ Part Ⅲ Patterns and structures 1.be dying to do sth /for sth 渴望做某事 She is dying to go home. He is dying for success. 2.Is everything okay with you ? 一切都好吗？ Is everything going well with you ? 3.I've lost 7 kg in the last two months.在过去的两个月里我减了7公斤。 与in the last / past/ recent +一段时间在一起使用，句子的谓语部分用现在完成时。 4．I think you look great as you are .我觉得你现在的样子很棒。 5. It's the same in China ?C many people are always going on diets . always 与现在进行时连用，表示不满或者责备等情绪。 He's always telling lies . He is always listening carefully in class. 6.Healthy eating along with regular exercise is the only way to become fit. 做某事的方法 the way to do sth /of sth 也可用定语从句 Can you tell me the way to work out the problem /of working out the problem? Can you tell me the way in which/that (省掉) I can work out the problem. 7. Walking and riding your bike count ,and so do school sports. 行走和骑自行车就算，在学校里进行的体育活动也算。 I like music ,and so does he. I don't like music . Neither/ Nor does he . I like music and I can sing well. So it is with him / It is the same with him. --Does he like music ? -- So he does . 8. My mother is too old for such a long operation.我妈妈年纪太大，不能承受如此长时间的手术。 too… for The coat is too big for me . The work is too much for me. 9.It isn't worth it.不值得那样做。 The book is worth five yuan. The book is not worth that price. The place is worth visiting. The place is worth a visit. The book is well worth reading. 10.You look great as you are.你这样很好。As作连词，引导方式状语从句，表示像。。。。 一样，按照 You must do everything as I do . Keep the book as it is. Part Ⅳ Grammar and usage 一 、Non-restrictive attributive clauses 1.了解限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别（意思与标点符号） 2.关系词的选择（特别主语as与which的区别） 二、Question tags（见反意疑问句的讲义） 1.反意疑问句的构成和意义。 2.常见反意疑问句的句式 3.反意疑问句的回答 Part Ⅴ Writing Page 109 (课本) Liangliang is no longer the boy he used to be ?Che has changed considerably. Only a year ago, he was overweight and a little lazy. He got tired easily and did not like sport. His favorite meal was fried chicken and chips .One day, he realized that he couldn't continue like this .So, he decided to change. He started to exercise. He ran on the school playground every day .He also began eating a healthier diet of more fruits and vegetables ,and less meat .These changes helped him lose a lot of weight .He is now a very happy boy in very good shape ,and he is always so energetic. P 78 (课时训练) How Max Keeps Fit It's important for us to stay healthy. Max give us a good example .He always takes exercise in the open air .He likes sports such as swimming ,running and playing basketball .He goes to bed at 10 at night and gets up at six in the morning. He takes god care of himself .He takes a shower every day and washes his hands before meals .When he has meals ,he eats all skins of food like fish, eggs, vegetables and meat .He also eats a lot of fruit .So he looks strong and healthy .He often says doing sport makes him become a top student. P 88 (课时训练) Dear nice to hear from you again .You want to know what is going on in schools in China ? In short ,things have begun to improve since schools were called on to reduce learning load .I don't know about others ,but I used to work even at weekend doing endless homework and attending classes as well. Now I have more free time .I can follow my own interests such as reading books, visiting museums and taking computer lessons .In the evenings I can watch news on TV or read newspapers. What' s more ,I can go to bed earlier .As far as I know ,everyone is happy about this new arrangement of things. Li Hua P 60（A B卷） Dear editor , Nowadays in our city ,more and more people own cars .I think there are god reasons for owning a car .First ,with a car a person can get around freely and conveniently ,without spending a lot of time .Second ,a car is comfortable to travel in .Finally ,it is safer to drive a car than ride a bike . However ,I am afraid more amore cars will cause heavier air pollution .What's more ,more traffic jams and accidents are happening every day . Personally ,I hope the government should control the number of the cars so that we can have a clean, quiet living environment. P80 （AB卷） Studying abroad In recent years ,studying abroad has been popular .Tens of thousands of Chinese students have gone to foreign countries to study. many people are trying their best to apply their children to go abroad . There are many advantages in attending schools abroad .First ,students who have studied abroad can act as mediators between people of different cultures .Second ,we can learn much more advanced knowledge of science and technology from foreign countries .Third ,we can learn foreign languages more quickly . However ,the there are some disadvantages .Most of the students are too young to live alone without any living experience .Besides ,being far way from their home country ,they may feel lonely and homesick .Also ,the costs are much higher there than at home. In spit of these ,advantages are more than disadvantages .In my opinion ,it is advisable to attend schools abroad. Exercises : 1.--?CCan I help you ,sir ? --- Yes ,I bought this raio here yesterday ,but it ______. A didn't work B won't work C can't work D doesn't work 2.-?CYou were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. --Well .Now I regret ____ that . A to do B to be doing C to have done D having done 3.Most of us went to the exhibition, ____ some girls . A include B including C contain D to contain 4.Don't all speak at once ! _____,please. A Each at one time B One by one time C One for each time D One at a time 5.If you want help ?Cmoney for anything ,let me know,____ you ? A don't B will C shall D do 6.I don't think you are serious ,____ ? A do I B don't I C are you D aren't you 7.Mrs. Black doesn't believe her son is able to design a digital camera ,_____? A is she B isn't she C doesn't she D does she 8.Now that she is out of a job ,Lucy ____ going back to school ,but she hasn't decided yet. A had considered B has been considering C considered D is going to consider 9.--Oh it's you .I ______ you . --I've just had my hair cut and I'm wearing new glasses . A didn't recognize B hadn't recognized C haven't recognize D don't recognize 10.Sailing on a stormy day means ___ in the sea. A to risk sinking B risking sinking C to risk to sink D risking to sink 11.I hope that all the things will _____ well. A turn in B work out C carry out D change 12.Jack advised that we ____ there in his car but the smile on his face suggested that it ____ a trick . A go /was B should go /should be C go /be D went /should be 13. Mother bought me a dictionary on my birthday,_____ made me very happy. A what B that C who D which 14._____ most of us can understand, it is hard to bring the situation under control. A It B As C That D Which 15.Daniel is good at physics and runs very fast in sports meeting .____. A So is his brother B Nor does his brother C So it is with his brother D It is the same as his brother. 16.The flu is believed ___ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat. A causing B being caused C to be caused D be have caused 17.What a lovely day ,isn't it ?--- Yes ,a bit cold ,________. A although B but C though D yet 18.Great attention should be paid to _______ our environment from _____. A protect /polluting B protecting /being polluted C protect /being polluted D protecting /polluting 19.He has no ______ in his class . A loser B match C enemy D winner 20.In order to keep ___,you must drink that water ,for it ______. A fit /fits to drink B fit /is fit to drink C suitable /fits to drink D sit /is suitable to drin
维尼蜜罐
掌握好课本上的重点 短语 ，对于学好英语十分重要。下面我为大家带来人教版 高一英语 必修三第一单元短语，欢迎大家学习!
人教版高一英语必修三第一单元短语：
1)starve
作不及物动词，表示“饿死，挨饿”。
starve for=be starve of/for，表示“渴望获得，迫切得到”。
2)plenty
作不可数名词，只用于肯定句中，表示“充足，大量，富裕”，可做主语，宾语或表语。
做主语时，谓语动词随着plenty所指的单复数形式作相应的变化。
plenty也可作副词，表示“充分地，十足地，好多”。
in plenty表示“大量的，丰富，充裕”可作表语，定语，状语。
3)satisfy
作及物动词，表示“满意，使满足”，直接跟宾语，若接that从句时，意思是“使相信”，从句前有间接宾语。
satisfy…with以……满足
be satisfied with对……满足
satisfy…for向……偿还
be satisfied to do sth满足于做某事
4)harm
作名词，意为“损害”，不与不定冠词连用，常与do，come，mean等动词搭配。
do more harm than good弊大于利
There’s no harm in(sb’s)doing sth=It does no harm for sb to do sth做某事无害处
作及物动词，表示“损害，伤害”。
5)lead
作及物动词，表示“领导，引导”其宾语常接介词短语或者副词作宾补。
表示“影响，致使”时，后接介词to，也可以接不定式。
lead sb into使某人陷入某种不良的状态。
lead sb away使盲从，常用于被动语态。
lead nowhere毫无结果，，对……不起作用。
lead up to sth作为……准备，导致。
lead sb by the nose牵着某人的鼻子，完全操纵某人
lead a dog’s life过困难的生活
lead sb believe that使某人相信(假的事情或不确切的事情)
lead the way带路，带头
lead作为名词，give sb a lead给某人做出榜样，提示某人
6)origin
是名词，表示“起源，起因，出身”。
be of origin起源于，出身于
7)event
是名词，表示“事变，事件”，既可以指历史上的，国际上的，国内的大事件，也可以指日常事件,复数形式还可以指事态的发展和结局。也可以指体育比赛中的“项目”。
常见词组：at all events/in every event总之，无论如何，不管怎样
in the event结果，终于
in the event of万一，如果，倘若
in that event若果那样的话
8)dress
作及物动词，表示“给……穿衣”，后接人作宾语，也可以做不及物动词，表示“穿上衣服，穿着衣服”。
dress up穿上盛装，打扮
dress作不可数名词，表示“衣服”;作可数名词，表示“妇女及 儿童 的衣服”。
dress sth up修饰，掩饰
9)trick
play a trick on sb=play sb a trick开某人的玩笑，诈骗某人
do/turn the trick达到(预期的)目的，获得成功。
have a/the trick of doing sth(有)做……的习惯/癖好。
be up to tricks，be at one’s tricks玩鬼把戏，闹恶作剧
trick可以做动词：trick sb into doing骗某人去做某事
trick sb out of…骗取某人
10)memory
是名词，表示“记忆”时，接for而不接of。
复数形式memories可表示往事。
in memory of纪念，一般表示对死者的纪念。
lose one’s memory“失去记忆”，可能永远也想不起来;而slip sb’s memory指一般想不起来，可能不知道什么时候又想起。
within one’s memory=within the memory of表示“记忆所及的时间”。
11)gain
作及物动词，表示“获得”，指经过努力取得有价值的东西或想要的东西。也可以表示“增加，增进;(钟，表)走得快”。
作不及物动词，表示“获得利益，增加，改善”。
作名词表示“收获，利益，增加”。
常用的词组有“gain in增加
gain over说服
gain on sb/sth赶上
12)gather
作及物动词，意为“搜集，采集，恢复，积累，加速”。还可以表示“推断，得出(印象，想法”后常接从句。作不及物动词，表示“聚集，群集”。
常用的词组有：gather oneself together振作精神
gather oneself up集中全力，鼓起勇气
13)admire
作及物动词，只能接名词或者代词作宾语，不能接宾语从句。
admire to do高兴做
admire sb for sth在某方面钦佩某人
admire at对……感到羡慕，对……感到惊讶
14)forward
作副词，表示“向前地，向未来”。
look forward to盼望，期待
push one’s way forward挤着向前走
come forward走出来
put forward提出
backward and forward来回
forward作形容词，表示“在前面的，热心参与的”。
作名词，表示“( 足球 ，曲棍球的)前锋”。
作动词，表示“转递，增进，发送，提高”。
15)take place
表示“发生”有计划的，有目的的，有准备的发生，是不及物动词，无宾语，不能用于被动语态。
区别take place，happen，break out：
take place有计划的发生，多指运动，变化，进步，会议，婚礼等。
happen偶然发生或者意外事件的发生。
break out表示“突然发生，爆发”，强调出人意料，多指地震，火灾，火山，战争，疾病，瘟疫等的突然发生。
take one’s place表示“代替某人，执政，上台”。
take the place of表示“取代，代替”。
16)fool的短语
make fool of欺骗，捉弄
act/play the fool 瞎胡闹，逗乐
fool around/about无所事事，胡混
fool out of骗走
fool away把(时间)胡混掉
fool with胡摆弄
17)apologize
apologize to sb for doing sth因为做了某事向某人道歉
make an apology to sb for doing sth道歉
18)drown
表示“淹死，淹没，浸泡，沉浸于”。
drown one’s sorrow in drink借酒消愁
drown sth out淹没
19)wipe
wipe sth from/off sth把……从……上擦掉/擦净。
wipe out擦拭(盆，碗等的)内部，除去，消灭，摧毁。
wipe over 再擦一遍。
wipe the floor with sb(在 辩论 中，竞赛中)把某人打得一败涂地。
20)weep
weep about为……而哭泣
weep at看到/听到……而哭泣
weep away一直哭
weep for/over因……而哭泣
weep out哭着抒发掉
21)forgive
作及物动词，表示“原谅，赦免”，有时可以接双宾语。
forgive sb for doing sth原谅某人做某事
22)有关word的短语：
give one’s word许诺
break one’s word to失信于
have a ward with sb和某人交谈
have words with sb和某人吵架
have word听到消息
eat one’s word认错，道歉
go back on one’s word食言
put in/say a good word for sb为某人说好话相助
say the word发指令，发信号
in short words简言之
in other words换句话说
in a/one word总之
word for word逐字地，一字不差地
by word of mouth口头上
without a word什么也没说
23)有关breath的短语：
catch one’s breath屏息
drawn breath歇口气
drawn one’s first/last breath出生/死亡
get one’s breath恢复正常呼吸
lose one’s breath气喘吁吁
save one’s breath不必浪费口舌
take one’s breath away使某人吃惊
waste one’s breath白费唇舌
out of/short of breath喘不过气，上气不接下气
24)set off：“出发，起程”，还可以表示“使爆炸，激发”。
有关set的短语：
set up建立，树立，创立
set forth出发，起程，公布
set out开始，着手，出发
set about着手，试图，开始
set fire to点火 set to doing sth开始做某事
set…aside把……放在一边
set sth down记下来
set…free将……释放
25)as though
表示“好像，似乎”，引导的从句谓语动词多用于虚拟语气。
如果as though从句中所叙述的情况是事实或有可能发生，也可用于陈述语气。其后面除了跟 句子 外，还可以跟名词，动词不定式，形容词(短语)，介词短语或分词。还可以表示感叹语气，来对某项建议、假设或推测表示不赞成，惊讶，不满和厌恶等。
3.语法
情态动词
定义:情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,但要与动词原形及其被动语态一起使用，给谓语动词增添情态色彩，表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法，认为其可能、应该或必要等。情态动词后面加动词原形。
分类：
情态动词有四类：
①只做情态动词：must,can(could),may(might),ought to
②可做情态动词又可做实义动词：need,dare
③可做情态动词又可做助动词：shall(should),will(would)
④具有情态动词特征：have(had,has) to,used to
位置:情态动词在句中放在谓语动词之前, 谓语动词前若有助动词,则在助动词之前,疑问句中, 情态动词则在主语之前。
特点：
情态动词无人称和数的变化, 情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形,否定式构成是在情态动词后面加 “not”。 个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式, 过去式用来表达更加客气, 委婉的语气, 时态性不强, 可用于过去，现在或将来。情态动词属非及物动词，故没有被动语态。
基本助动词与情态助动词最主要的区别之一是，基本助动词本身没有词义，而情态助动词则有自己的词义，能表示说话人对有关动作或状态的看法，或表示主观设想。
除此之外，情态助动词还有如下词法和句法特征：
1) 除ought和used以外，其他情态动词后面只能接不带to的不定式。如果我们把ought to和used to看做是固定词组的话，那么，所有情态动词无一例外地只能接不带to的不定式。
2) 情态助动词在限定动词词组总是位居第一。
3) 情态助动词用于第三人称单数现在时的时候，没有词形变化，即其词尾无-s形式。
4) 情态动词没有非限定形式，即没有不定式和分词形式，也没有相应的动名词。
5) 情态助动词的“时”的形式并不是时间区别的主要标志。在不少场合，情态助动词的现在时和过去时形式都可以表示现在、过去或将来时间。
6) 情态助动词之间是相互排斥的，即在一个限定动词词组中只能出现一个情态助动词，但有时却可以与have和be基本助动词连用。
用法
首先它是动词，而且不同于行为动词，行为动词表示的是可以通过行为来表达的动作(如写，读，跑)，而情态动词只是表达的一种想法(如能，也许，敢)。
用法是：情态动词+行为动词原形
情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,表示说话人的情绪,态度或语气的动词,但不能单独作谓语, 只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。
情态动词数量不多,但用途广泛,主要有下列:
can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will (would),have (to) ,had better.
功能
助动词(auxiliary)主要有两类：基本助动词(primary auxiliary)和情态助动词(modal auxiliary)。基本助动词有三个：do, have和be;情态助动词基本的有十四个：may, might; can, could; will, would; shall, should; must, need, dare, used to, ought to,had better 上述两类助动词的共同特征是，在协助主动词构成限定动词词组时，具有作用词的功能。
1) 构成否定式。
2) 构成疑问式或附加疑问式。
3) 构成修辞倒装。
4) 代替限定动词词组。
can和could的用法
1. 表示能力或客观可能性，还可以表示请求和允许。
注意：①could也可表示请求，语气委婉，主要用于疑问句，不可用于肯定句，答语应用can(即could不能用于现在时态的简略答语中)。
②can表示能力时，还可用be able to代替。
2. 表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度。(主要用在否定句、疑问句或惊叹句中)
3. “can(could) + have + 过去分词”的疑问或否定形式表示对过去发生的行为怀疑或不肯定。
4. 用在疑问句及否定句中，表示惊讶，不相信等。
5. cannot…tooenough表示“无论怎样……也不过分”，“越……越好”。
may和might的用法
1. 表示许可。
表示请求、允许时，might比may的语气更委婉一些，否定回答时(口语中常用) no , you can’t . or , yes, please 用mustn’t表示“不可以”、“禁止”、“阻止”之意(具有强烈禁止的意思)。
用May I…征询对方许可在文体上比较正式，在口气上比较客气。在日常口语中，用Can I … 征询对方意见在现代口语中更为常见。
2. 用于祈使句中表示祝愿。
3. 表示推测、可能(疑问句不能用于此意)。
4. “may(might) + have + 过去分词”表示对过去发生的行为的推测。
must和have to的用法
1. 表示必须、必要。(must表示主观多一些而have to则表示客观多一些)
回答must引出的问句时，如果是否定的回答，不能用mustn’t，而要用needn’t或don’t have to。
2. “must be + 表语”的结构表示推测，它的否定或疑问式用can代替must。
3. “must + have + 过去分词”的结构常用在肯定句中，表示对过去发生的行为的推测。它的否定或疑问式用can代替must。
4. have to的含义与must相似，两者往往可以互换使用，但have to有各种形式，随have的变化而定。must与have to有下列几点不同：
① must表示的是说话人的主观看法，而have to则往往强调客观需要。
② must一般只表现在，have则有更多的时态形式。
③ 二者的否定意义不大相同。
④ 询问对方的意愿时应用must。
注意：have to也可拼做have got to。
dare和need的用法
1. need表示“需要”或“必须”，作情态动词时，仅用于否定句或疑问句中，在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to,或should代替。
注意：needn’t + 不定式的完成式“表示本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事”
2. Dare作情态动词时，主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中，一般不用在肯定句中。
3. Dare和need常用作实义动词，有时态、人称和数的变化，所不同的是，作实义动词时，在肯定句中，dare后面通常接带to的不定式，在否定和疑问句中，dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。
shall和should的用法
一.shall的用法：
1. shall用于第一人称，表示征求对方的意愿。
2. shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。
3. shall用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。
二.should的用法：
1.should表示劝告、建议、命令，其 同义词 是ought to;在疑问句中，通常用should代替ought to。
should的含义较多，用法较活，现介绍三种其特殊用法。
情态动词should用于第一人称时可以表示说话人的一种谦逊、客气、委婉的语气。
should还可以用在if引导的条件从句，表示一件事听起来可能性很小，但也不是完全没有可能。相当于“万一”的意思。从句谓语由should加动词原形构成，主句谓语却不一定用虚拟语气。
此外，Why(or How) + should结构表示说话人对某事不能理解，感到意外、惊异等意思。意为“竟会”。
2. “should + have + 过去分词”结构一般表示义务，表示应该做到而实际上没有做到，并包含一种埋怨、责备的口气。
will和would的用法
1. 表示请求、建议等，would比will委婉客气。
2. 表示意志、愿望和决心。
3. 用“will be”和“will(would) + have + 过去分词”的结构表示推测，主要用于第二、三人称。前者表示对目前情况的推测，后者表示对已经完成的动作或事态的推测。
4. would可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。would表过去习惯时比used to正式，并没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。
5. 表料想或猜想。
ought to的用法
1. ought to表示应该。
2. 表示推测。注意与must表示推测时的区别：
He must be at home by now. (断定他已到家)
He ought to be home by now. (不十分肯定)
This is where the oil must be. (比较直率)
This is where the oil ought to be. (比较含蓄)
3. “ought to + have + 过去分词”表示过去应做某事而实际未做。
注意：在美国英语中，ought to用于否定句和疑问句时，to可以省略。
ought和should的区别：
1.ought语气略强。
2.should较常用。
3.ought在美国英语中用的很少，而should却相当常用。
4.ought属正式用语。
used to，had better，would rather的用法
1. used to表示过去的习惯动作或状态，现在已不存在，在间接引语中，其形式可不变。如：
He told us he used to play football when he was young.
在疑问句、否定句、否定疑问句或强调句中，可有两种形式：
疑问句
Did you use to go to the same school as your brother?
Used you to go to the same school as your brother?
否定句
I usedn’t to go there.
I didn’t use to go there.
usedn’t 亦可拼作usen’t，但发音皆为['ju:snt]。
否定疑问句
Usen’t you to be interested in the theatre?
Didn’t you use to be interested in the theatre?
Had better意为“最好”，后接不带to的不定式。
注：①had best与had better同意，但较少用。②You had better…用于同辈或小辈，对长辈不可用。
Would rather意为“宁愿”，表选择，后接不带to的不定式。
由于would rather表选择，因而后可接than。
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