英语特殊结构

和一般疑问句差不多

特殊句式及其它主要涉及强调句型、反意疑问句、祈使句、感叹句、There be句型、倒装句及省略句。 1．强调句型： 句型结构形式：It is／was…that／who… be的时态：that／who前面be的时态一般是一般现在时，当它后面的句子为过去时时，才用过去时。 判断方法：将(It is／was)．．．(that／who)…括号中的词同时去掉，看剩下的部分是否仍然成立。若成立，则是强调句型；若不成立，则为状语从句、定语从句或主语从句。 2．反意疑问句： 形式：句子+简短的疑问 (1)前面若有多个句子并列，则以最后一个句子为准；若前面部分为主从复合句，一般说来，以主句为准；但若宾语主从复合句的主句谓语动词是think，believe，suppose，feel，imagine，consider，guess等，主语又是第一人称且为一般现在时、谓语又没有任何副词修饰时，简短疑问部分的动词、时态、人称则以从句为准，而肯、否定形式依主句而定。 (2)前面句子含有must，can’t，may等表推测的词时，疑问部分则依据句子的时态及时间状语而定。 (3)句子是Let’s．．．时，后面用shall／shan’t we；前面部分是Let us…祈使句时，后面用will／won’t you。 (4)前面句子是I’m…时，后面用 aren’t l；句子是I’m not…时，后面用 am I。 (5)前面是感叹句时，后面跟感叹句的主、谓一致，但用否定形式。 (6)当主语是anyone／anybody／everyone／everybody时，疑问部分用复数形式。 否定、肯定形式： (1)一般说来，前后两部分的否定、肯定形式相反；但当句子前有0h，Ah，so等语气词时，前后两部分的否定、肯定形式相同。 (2)前面部分有否定词或半否定词时，后面部分用肯定形式；但若前面部分含有由否定词缀构成的否定词时，后面部分还是用否定形式。 3．祈使句：祈使句的主语是you，但一般被省略；当前面有呼语时，一般得补出主语you；否定式一般是在前面加Don’t。 在“祈使句，+and／or／and then+句子”句型中，当祈使句中含有比较级时，可将祈使句中的谓语部分省略，只留下“比较级或比较级与名词，+and／or／and then+句子”。 4．感叹句：句型：what +a(n)+adj +n．+主语+be!；How +adj／adv．+主语+动词! 5．There be句型：注意动词的形式；注意能用于这一句型的抽象特殊名词及动词的抽象形式；注意主语补足语的形式。 6．倒装句：倒装分为全部倒装和部分倒装。 全部倒装：地点副词或介词短语+动词+主语(名词)；地点副词或介词短语+主语(代词)+动词。 部分倒装：(1)否定词或半否定词+助动词／情态动词+主语+谓语动词+其它。 (2)only+副词(状语)／SO+助动词／情态动词+主语+谓语动词+其它。 (3)让步状语从句的倒装。 (4)非真实条件句的倒装。 (5)结果、目的状语从句中的such，SO提到句首时的倒装。 7省略句(1)在上下文中，任何句子成分都可能省略，必须根据具体语境进行理解。 (2)熟悉并掌握一些特殊的省略形式。 A．在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中，当从句的主语跟主句的主语一致时，从句的主语可以省略，同时将从句的谓语动词变为分词形式。 B．在时间、地点、条件、让步等状语从句中，当从句的主语跟主句的主语一致或从 句的主语是it，谓语是be动词时，从句的主语、谓语可以省略。如：When／Where，／If necessary。 C．当句子的谓语部分省略时，若只用代词代替句子，则需用代词的宾格形式。 D．当省略不定式的内容时，须保留小品词to。 8．对宾语从句的提问：特殊词位于句首，主句用一般疑问式，而宾语从句用陈述语序。

一、 特殊的疑问词。 特殊疑问句要由疑问代词或疑问副词开头，询问的内容不同, 使用的疑问词也不同。我们学过的疑问词有what（询问事物）, how much（询问价格）, what time （询问时间，尤其是点钟）, what kind of（询问种类）, why（询问原因），who（询问人）, where（询问地点） 等等。如： —What is this? 这是什么？ —It's a key. 这是一把钥匙。 —How much is it? 这个多少钱？ —It's twenty dollars. 二十美元。 —What kind of movies do you like? 你喜欢哪一类型的电影？ —I like action movies. 我喜欢动作片。 二、特殊的语序。 特殊疑问句由疑问词开头，其构成是“疑问词 + 一般疑问句”。如： What time is it？ 现在几点钟？ Who is your teacher? 谁是你的老师？ 三、特殊的答语。 特殊疑问句不能用yes, no来回答，而应根据它所询问的内容直接做出回答才行。如： — What time is it, please? 请问几点了？ — It's 7:30. 七点半了。 — Where are they? 他们在哪儿？ —They're in the playground. 他们在操场上。 —What's your favorite subject? 你最喜爱的科目是什么？ —English. 英语。 四、 特殊的语调。 一般情况下，特殊疑问句要用降调（↘）来读。如： Who's ↘that? How old is↘Jack?

历年高考英语特殊句式专题精选1. —How is the little girl injured in the Wenzhou train collision（温州动车事故）?—The doctor said if______ in a proper way, she was likely to be saved. A. is treated B. treating C. treated D. to be treated解析：答案C。本句考查省略句。相当于if she was treated in a proper way…2. Was it in the lake ______she was saved by a solider? A. where B. that C. which D. what解析：答案B。考查强调句。此处强调的是句子的地点状语in the lake，是强调句的一般疑问句句型：Was it + 被强调部分+ that+句子？3. _____ an strange animal! I've never seen it before. A. Which B. What C. How D. Whether解析：答案B。考查感叹句。“多么奇怪的植物啊！我以前从没见过。”此处为“How+ adj. +a/an +n.+ it is/was”的省略结构，故B项正确。4. It doesn’t matter if he will come to my party, _______? A. doesn’t it B. does it C. don’t he D. won’t he解析：答案B。考查反意疑问句。反意疑问句的基本原则就是与主句主谓保持一致。陈述部分为否定，故附加部分为肯定，句意：他是否来参加我的派对，没有关系，是不是？5. You may have finished your homework. _____ , you can go on to play football. A. If you may B. If you do C. If not D. If so 解析：答案D。省略句的用法。If so = If you have done that / so。6. Hardly ________ the railway station when the train took off. A. I had arrived at; when B. had I arrived; than C. had I reached; when D. I had got to; than答案C 解析：hardly位于句首，句子使用倒装句式，并且和when搭配。7. —Have you ever seen anything like that before? —No, ________ anything like that before. A. I never have seen B. never I have seen C. never have I seen D. I have seen解析：答案C。本句考查倒装句。否定词never置于句首，后面的句子倒装。8. He is not fond of cooking, ________ I. A. so am B. nor am C. neither D. nor do解析：答案B。本句考查倒装句。否定句中当某事适合于两个事物或两个人时，常用nor或neither构成倒装句。9. Only by this means ________ make great progress in our English study. A. we B. can we C. we can D. will we be able to解析：答案B。本句考查倒装句。only 放在句首，后面跟介词短语、副词或者状语从句，后面的句子使用倒装句式。10. I like playing football and _______. A. so does Tom B. so is Tom C. so can Tom D. so Tom likes解析：答案A。本句考查倒装句。当一件事适合两个人或两件事，肯定句中用so接倒装句11. So loudly ________ that ________ hear him clearly. A. did he speak; could everyone B. did he speak; everyone could C. he spoke; could everyone D. he spoke; everyone could解析：答案B。本句考查倒装句。结果状语从句中，so后面使用倒装句，从句部分不必倒装。12. I’m a student and I like English very much, ___________. A. so is Li Hua B. so does Li Hua C. so it is with Li Hua D. so it was with Li Hua解析：答案C。本句考查倒装句。当句子有两个谓语，特别当一个是系动词，一个是行为动词时，常使用so it is/was …结构。13. Not until I began to work ________ realize how much time I had wasted. A. didn’t I B. did I C. I didn’t D. have I解析：答案B。本句考查倒装句。not until放在句首后面的主句使用倒装句式。时态要前后一致。14. _____, he’s honest. A. As he is poor B. Poor is he C. Poor as he is D. Poor as is he解析：答案C。本句考查倒装句。让步状语从句由as引导，常会把作表语的形容词、名词，作状语的副词，作谓语的动词提前到句首，形成倒装句。15. Many a time ________ shopping alone. A. the girl went B. went the girl C. did the girl go D. did go the girl解析：答案C。本句考查倒装句。状语提前，主谓语部分倒装。16. _____ a beautiful tower ________ the top of the hill. A. There stand; at B. There stands; under C. Stands there; under D. There stands; at解析：答案D。本句考查倒装句。副词there放在句首，主谓完全倒装。17. There ________. And here ________. A. goes the bell; she comes B. is the bell going; is she C. does the bell go; does she come D. the bell goes; come she解析：答案A。本句考查倒装句。副词there或者here放在句首，句子完全倒装。18. Out ________, with a ruler in his hand. A. did he rush B. rushed he C. he rushed D. he did rush解析：答案C。本句考查倒装句。副词out放在句首，如果主语为人称代词，主谓不完全倒装。19. Near the church ________ village. A. was such an old B. had a so old C. was such old a D. is so an old解析：答案A。本句考查倒装句。介词短语near the church放在句首，主谓倒装。20. It is not how much we learn but how much love we put into what we do______ benefits our work most. A. who B. which C. that D. what解析：答案C。本句考查强调句。强调句型:It is/was +被强调部分+that连接句子的其他部分。21. Only when I arrived the cinema ______I was late again. A. I realized B. I did realize C. realized I D. did I realize解析：答案D。本题考察倒装句， Only引导的状语从句位于句首，应把主句中动词的助动词提前构成部分倒装。22. Li Hua won’t join us in playing football this afternoon and . A. neither won’t I B. I won’t either C. I will too D. so will I解析：答案B。考查特殊句式。本句是否定句，故使用either，而too一般用于肯定句中。此处也可以用so倒装的否定式，即neither/nor will I．注意A项中neither表否定意义，所以不能用won’t。23. It seems that something is wrong with my computer._______ , I’d like to take it to the compliant desk immediately. A. Otherwise B. If not C. But for that D. If so解析：答案D。考查省略和替代。前后两句话之间是顺承关系。Otherwise否则，要不然；if not要不，不然；but for that若不是因为那件事；if so若是这样。24. I opened the door. There _____ I had never seen before. A. a boy did stand B. a boy stood C. did a boy stand D. stood a boy解析：答案D。考查特殊句式。Here, There, Thus, Then等副词位于句首, 且当句子的主语是名词时,句子用全部倒装句, 选D。25. Every day after supper, if not from homework, I will spend some time taking a walk with my friend. A. being tired B. tiring C. tired D. to be tired解析：答案C。本句考查省略句式。if引导的条件状语从句中, 从句中还原应为if I am not tired from homework, 根据省略的原则, 所以答案选C。26. She must be helping her mother water the garden, ? A. is she B. isn’t she C. must she D. mustn’t she 解析：答案B。本题考查反意疑问句。陈述句中的谓语中虽有情态动词must, 但此处must表示对正在进行的动作进行推测。而must后有助动词be, 故反意疑问句根据助动词be来构成, 选B。27.—I wonder ______ you’ll water this kind of flower. —Every other day. A. how often B. how long C. how soon D. how much 解析：答案A。相似疑问词的区别。根据答语Every other day可知对方问的是多久浇一次这种花。how often问频率, 符合题意。 28. It is that Prime Minister David Cameron（卡梅伦首相） blamed the worst riots（骚乱） in Britain the other day. A. reported B. to report C. reporting D. being reported解析：答案A。本句考查固定句型（it is +Ved +that从句）。29.—What’s wrong with Mary? —Well, her parents wouldn’t allow her to go out at night alone, but she still ________ . A. hopes to B. hopes so C. hopes not D. hopes for解析：答案A。本句考查固定搭配hope to do sth. 在不定式作简略回答时, 常常将不定式to之后的内容省略。30. the website of China daily, and you will learn a lot from it. A. Search B. To search C. Searching D. Having searched解析：答案A。此题考查祈使句+and+简单句。祈使句+and+简单句, 相当于if引导的条件状语从句。31.China has already sent up three spacecraft, the most recent at the end of last March. A. has been launched B. having been launched C. being launched D. to be launched解析：答案B。此题考查独立主格结构。句中没有连接词, 故不能选作谓语动词的A项；the most recent having been launched为独立主格结构, 由at the end of last March可知应选用表示动作完成的B项。32. Kate, here—everybody else, stay where you are. A. come B. comes C. to come D. coming解析：答案A。本题考查了祈使句的用法。Kate和everybody else作为呼语出现, 后面的句子为祈使句, 省略了第二人称的主语you, 故应用动词原形。33. I forgot to bring my ticket, but please let me enter the theatre, ? A. do you B. can we C. will you D. shall we解析：答案C。此题考查祈使句的反意疑问句。祈使句的反意疑问句通常用will you, 意思是 “好吗,可以吗”。34. It was when she got what she had wanted she realized it was not so necessary. A. that B. when C. since D. as解析：答案A。此题考查强调句。强调句的结构是It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子的其余成分。强调句子的时间状语when she got what she had wanted。35. China's railway system is said the brakes（高铁 “刹车”） these days. A. that it hits B. to hit C. that it has hit D. to have hit解析：答案D。句型sb. /sth. is said to+不定式。句型sb. /sth. is said to+不定式, 当不定式动作表示完成时, 不定式需用完成形式,因此选D项。36. Water is to human beings oil is to machines. A. as B. that C. what D. which解析：答案C。此题考查固定句型“A is to B what C is to D”。句意为：水对于人类正如石油对于机器一样。37.— I reminded you not to forget your homework.— . A. So you did B. So I do not C. So did you D. So do I解析：答案A。本题考查 “so+助动词+主语”与 “so+主语+助动词”的意义区别。so+与前句相同的主语+助动词, 表示赞同, 意为 “确实”。38. to cure the terrible disease, the patient turn to her doctor for help to end his life. A. Having given hope B. With no hope C. There being hope D. In the hope解析：答案B。本题考查with结构（独立主格结构）。根据句意和结构, 显然其余三项不符合。39. in sea trial(航母试航) that he decided to watch TV instead of doing his homework. A. So interested the boy was B. So interested was the boy C. How interested the boy was D. The boy was such interested解析：答案B。此题考查主谓一致和倒装结构。句意为:这个男孩对于航母试航是那样的感兴趣；以至于他决定去看电视而不做作业。so修饰的形容词或副词提到句首，句子用部分倒装。40. After the initial exchange of fire（第一轮交火）near the Yeonpyeong island(延坪岛), there was no further response from the DRPK, ? A. wasn’t there B. was there C. didn’t it D. did it解析：答案B。考查反意疑问句。因为陈述部分是肯定形式, 所以反意疑问部分用否定形式。41. She has worked for more than 12 hours. she is tired out. A. It is no way B. There is no need C. It is no wonder D. There is no point 解析：答案C。本题考查固定句型。句意为：她已经工作了12个小时之多, 怪不得那么疲倦。It is no way. 没门；There is no need.不需要；There is no point. 没有意义。42.—What can we do with this passage?— the main idea of each paragraph. A. Finding out B. Found out C. Find out D. To find out解析：答案C。本题考查在具体语境中的省略。第二句补充完整应为You should find out the main idea of each paragraph。43. Don’t be excited. things as they are and you will enjoy your own life. A. Taking B. To take C. Take D. Taken解析：答案C。考查“祈使句+and+简单句”句型。表示如果……就……。