市场英语演讲

全是中式英文!oil price rise There is really no sense in the price of Petroleum going high, It is disheartening that price keeps going up and this will continue for a while. This is basically due to crisis going on in Iraq, and the lingering dispute of Iran nuclear position as well as the Niger Delta Militants in Nigeria. The botttomline is that major Oil refineries are not getting enough crude supply and they can not produce refined products to meet the global demand as such high prices. Since much of the oil produced is consumed in the USA, it seems that only substantial price hikes will cool their demand. Most of Europe has far higher energy taxes than the US which works in part. For example, in Norway, petrol is over $7 per gallon, in the UK it is rapidly approaching the $7 mark. Almost all of Europe pays over $5.50 per gallon. However, as demand continues to rise and rise in places like India and China, there is very little room for oil prices to fall.Rise in oil price impact different economies in different ways. For example, if benefits oil exporting nations like Mexico, Canada, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela, and even the United States to a certain extent. While prices are a rationing factor, oil is a commodity for which there is an insatiable need. Thus, countries will buy the oil regardless of its price, even many small and poor countries rely on it greatly. As a whole, it doesn't have much of an effect. A surprising answer but really not when you consider how much every country, big or small, rich or poor relies on oil.------------------------------------------------ Do Petroleum Prices Rise and Fall? Consumers worldwide have watched the cost of petroleum (motor fuels) continue to fluctuate throughout the year. This raises the question, "Why do petrol prices rise and fall?"In the long term, the greatest single factor influencing petroleum prices is the cost of crude oil. However, marketplace forces of supply, demand and competition can have a significant effect on the price of petroleum in the short term.The Cost of CrudeCrude oil prices have risen dramatically over the last year, driven by strong global demand, limited spare oil production capacity, and continuing political instability in certain oil producing regions.Since the price of crude oil has the most significant long-term impact on the average price of petroleum, contributing over 50 percent to the retail price, it is not surprising to see average petroleum prices significantly higher as well.Increase in International Energy DemandSurging crude oil demand is being fueled by strong economic growth, particularly in the United States and Asia. The U.S. Energy Information Administration estimates that global crude oil demand will grow 2.5 percent in 2005, reaching 84.7 million barrels per day. Available spare oil production capacity is currently about one percent of total worldwide demand, leaving very little room to compensate for unanticipated supply disruptions or spikes in demand. The tenuous balance between supply and demand is even more of a concern when you consider that most of the world's oil is located in some of the more politically unstable parts of the world. As such, supply disruptions, whether real or perceived, can have dramatic effects on the price of crude oil.Global economic expansion is driving what the U.S. International Energy Agency (IEA) says is the biggest increase in oil demand in 24 years. In particular, industrialised countries such as the US and Asia have had a demand surge.China’s rapidly expanding economy has created a huge demand boost and US demand has risen because of its strengthening economic recovery and greater need for higher grade crude oil suitable for processing into petrol (gasoline) for SUVs, which are popular with US drivers.Oil Supply – Uncertainty is Placing Pressure on PriceCrude oil is refined to produce petrol and diesel and the cost of crude oil is traditionally the greatest single factor affecting fuel prices over time. However, with the shortage of refineries to refine the crude we are in a unique situation where the price difference between crude oil and refined product can be large.Supply remains volatile. A number of other factors also increase uncertainty of supply and with rising demand, this is placing tremendous pressure on pricing. Political volatility in oil producing regions has historically impacted on crude oil prices and the political situation in the Middle East is of global concern. Other Factors That Influence Petroleum PricesAlthough the cost of crude oil has the most impact on average petroleum prices in the long term, local market conditions, which include the forces of supply, demand, competition, and government regulation, can also have a significant impact on petroleum prices, and explain some of the variations in petroleum prices across different markets. In any market situation, supply and demand imbalances can affect prices in the short term. Supply shortages typically cause upward price pressure, and can result from an unplanned refinery outage, pipeline problems, or an unforeseen increase in demand. Conversely, length of supply, where supply exceeds demand, can result in downward price pressure. For example, last year on the West Coast of the USA, average petroleum prices actually dropped while crude oil prices were rising. This occurred because higher petroleum prices attracted more petroleum imports, which resulted in higher inventories and greater supply, while demand was softening with the end of the summer driving season.Other factors affecting pricing include foreign exchange, geographic location and local competition.Competition, reflected by the number of choices in the market place, can also affect pricing. Almost everyone has experienced the difference in petroleum prices between a lone station on a lengthy interstate and in town, where many intersections may have two or three service stations to choose from.Generally, price adjustments in the market affect short-term supply-demand imbalances and bring supply and demand back into balance. Whether in a situation of supply tightness or length, price will eventually bring the supply-demand balance into equilibrium by attracting additional supply or influencing demand.The FutureNo one can say with certainty what will happen in the future with crude oil and petroleum prices. Caltex, as a Chevron brand, supports a comprehensive national energy policy that would address both conservation (reducing demand) and increasing the supply of crude oil and refined products. This includes streamlined permitting for petroleum infrastructure, as well as increasing domestic crude oil production in an environmentally responsible manner. Caltex is committed to taking all appropriate steps to supply our customers reliably and safely with the motor fuel products they want.Prices for petrol are determined by global supply and demand and the market decides the price. Caltex will continue to monitor the situation closely and will adjust the prices accordingly in the direction of the market. Caltex is aware of customers' concerns on price sensitivity and we will always strive to price products competitively.----------------------------------------------- oil, also known as petroleum, is a naturally occurring thick, dark brown or greenish flammable liquid that is made of organic chemicals. It can be found in large quantities below the surface of the Earth. It's mainly used as fuel and as a raw material for the making of other products that we often use. Petroleum principally consists of various hydrocarbons of the alkane series.Crude oil is sometimes called "black gold" because of its scarcity on the Earth. It can be used in the manufacture of medicines and fertilizers, plastics, building materials, paints, cloths, and to generate electricity. Since petroleum is so extensively used in most parts of the world, the amount of it available is decreasing very rapidly while its price is increasing in the same way. It is predicted that petroleum will not be the commonly used commercial material by the middle of the 21st century.According to geologists, crude oil is formed form the decomposition of marine animals and plants. Over many centuries as this organic material is buried under the heavy weight of the material that is deposited on top of it, it undergoes high changes in temperature and pressure. As it undergoes these changes, the organic materials turn into a waxy material known as kerogen and then into what we know to be as crude oil and natural gas. This material flows through the rock, positions itself within the earth according to its density, and forms an oil field. We then drill into the earth in order to pump out the crude oil and put the black gold into use.Since the availability of crude oil over the past 20 years has declined, the price of it went from being $17/ barrel in 1986 to being $55/barrel in October of 2004.