赤脚医师
中国有七大淡水湖,包括鄱阳湖、洞庭湖、太湖、微山湖、洪泽湖、巢湖、洪湖,主要分布在长江中下游平原、淮河下游和山东南部,这一地带的湖泊面积约占全国湖泊总面积的三分之一。(1)鄱阳湖鄱阳湖位于江西省北部、长江的南岸,是中国第一大淡水湖。在洪水位21.69米时,湖长170.0公里,平均宽度17.3公里,雨季时面积达3914平方公里,最大水深29.19米,平均水深5.1米,蓄水量149.6×108立方米。鄱阳湖湖水主要依赖地表径流和湖面降水补给,主要入湖河流有赣江、抚河、信江、饶河、修水等。古称彭泽,它上承赣、抚、信、饶、修五江之水,下通长江,它南宽北窄,象一个巨大的葫芦系在长江的腰上,它每年流入长江的水超过了黄河、淮河和海河三河的总流量,是长江水流的调节器。 鄱阳湖烟波浩渺、水草丰美,湖中有大量长江流域的珍贵鱼类漫游,每年还有许多珍贵的鸟类栖息在这里,使得鄱阳湖的风景显得更加宜人。不仅如此,鄱阳湖自古以来就是文人墨客会聚之地,许多诗人都在此留下了不朽的诗句,如王勃的“渔舟唱晚,响穷彭蠡之滨”,苏东坡的“山苍苍、水茫茫、大姑小姑江中央”,描绘的都是鄱阳湖的胜境。鄱阳湖的著名景点有石钟山、大孤山、南山、落星湖等等。(2)洞庭湖洞庭湖位于湖南省北部的长江中游以南,为中国第二大淡水湖。它的面积在枯水期约有3100平方公里,洪水期为3900多平方公里,湖区总面积达18000平方公里。容积达一二百亿立方米。主要入湖河流有湘江、资水、沅水、澧水。跨湖南湖北两省,它北连长江,南接湘、资、沅、酆四水,号称“八百里洞庭湖”。洞庭湖的意思就是神仙洞府,可见其风光之秀丽迷人。其最大的特点便是湖外有湖,湖中有山。湖滨的风光极为秀丽,许多景点都是国家级的风景区,如:岳阳楼、君山、杜甫墓、文庙、龙州书院等名胜古迹。洞庭湖是著名的鱼米之乡,其物产极为丰富。湖中的特产有河蚌、黄鳝、洞庭蟹等珍贵的河鲜。洞庭湖的“湖中湖”莲湖,盛产驰名中外的湘莲。湘莲颗粒饱满,肉质鲜嫩,历代被视为莲中珍品。(3)太湖太湖古称震泽,又名"笠泽",是古代滨海湖的遗迹,位于江苏和浙江两省的交界处,长江三角洲的南部。大约在100万年前,太湖还是一个大海湾,后来逐渐与海隔绝,转入湖水淡化的过程,变成了内陆湖泊。太湖面积2 425平方千米,湖岸线长达400公里,是我国第三大淡水湖。太湖是平原水网区的大型浅水湖泊,湖区号称有48岛、72峰,湖光山色,相映生辉,其有不带雕琢的自然美,有“太湖天下秀”之称。无锡山水、苏州园林、吴县洞庭东山和西山、宜兴洞天世界都是太湖地区的著名旅游胜地。太湖地处江南水网的中心,河网调蓄量大,水位比较稳定,利于灌溉和航运。太湖流域总面积36500km2,人口3400万,以不到全国0.4%的国土面积创造着约占全国1/8的国民生产总值,城市化水平居全国之首,乡镇工业发达,粮食产量占全国的3%,淡水鱼业产值也占有较高比重。太湖平原气候温和湿润,水网稠密,土壤肥沃,是我国重要的商品粮基地和三大桑蚕基地之一,素以“鱼米之乡”而闻名。太湖是我国东部近海区域最大的湖泊,也是我国的第三大淡水湖。太湖以优美的湖光山色和灿烂的人文景观,闻名中外,是我国著名的风景名胜区,每年皆吸引着大量中外游人来此观光游览。太湖位于富饶的沪、宁、杭三角地中心,是长江和钱塘江下游泥沙淤塞了古海湾而成的湖泊。周围则群星捧月一般分布着淀泖湖群、阳澄湖群、洮滆湖群等。纵横交织的江、河、溪、渎,把太湖与周围的大小湖荡串连起来,形成了极富特色的江南水乡。太湖号称"三万六千顷,周围八百里",但它的实际面积受到泥沙淤积和人为围湖造田等因素的影响,在形成以后多有变化。今天的太湖,北临无锡,南濒湖州,西接宜兴,东邻苏州,水域面积约为2250平方千米。太湖流域面积虽然小于鄱阳湖和洞庭湖,但这里气候温和,特产丰饶,自古以来就是闻名遐迩的鱼米之乡。太湖水产丰富,盛产鱼虾,素有"太湖八百里,鱼虾捉不尽"的说法。(4)微山湖位于山东省的微山湖亦名南四湖,位于中国山东、江苏交界处,由微山湖、昭阳湖、南阳湖、独山湖四个彼此相连的湖泊组成。微山湖南北全长230公里,宽6.8公里至27.6公里,周长451公里、总面积为2100平方公里,可控蓄水量为17.3亿立方米,最大库容量47.31亿立方米。平均水深1.7米,汛期最深为3米。流域面积31700平方公里,京杭大运河纵贯全湖南北,是我国北方最大的淡水湖!也是中国第四大淡水湖。狭义微山湖是指1960年在微山湖湖腰建成了拦湖大坝的下级湖,同昭阳湖、独山湖和南阳湖构成广义微山湖。1953年为方便管理广大湖区设立微山县,湖区内有微山岛风景区和南阳古镇风景区。微山岛是微山湖中最大的岛屿,面积约9平方公里。岛上有“三贤墓”:微子墓、目夷墓、张良墓等文化遗迹。抗日战争时期,以微山湖为根据地的 “微湖大队 ”、“运河支队 ”、“铁道游击队”等革命武装 ,创造了许多可歌可泣的英雄业绩,一曲《弹起我心爱的土琵琶》唱响大江南北。(5)洪泽湖洪泽湖位于江苏省洪泽县西部淮河中游的冲积平原上,是中国第五大淡水湖。洪泽湖是一个浅水型湖泊,水深一般在4米以内,最大水深5.5米。湖区总面积为1576.9平方公里。湖水的来源,除大气降水外,主要靠河流来水。流入洪泽湖的河流有淮河、濉河、汴河和安河等。是我国平原水库型湖泊中面积最大的一个。(6)巢湖巢湖位于安徽省江淮丘陵中部,是中国第六大淡水湖。总面积为753平方公里。其源头起自英、霍二山,主要入湖河流有丰乐河、杭埠河、兆河等。因形似鸟巢而得名。巢湖属长江水系,其湖水在巢县出湖,经裕溪河汇入长江。巢湖是我国第五大淡水湖,面积为820千米。早在秦汉三国时代,巢湖就是沟通江淮北上运输的重要通道。现在,巢湖及裕溪河入江航道仍然常年通航。汛期江水可倒灌入湖,建国之后修筑的巢湖闸和裕溪闸构成了巢湖、裕溪河梯级水利枢纽,使巢湖流域的低圩农田能免受长江洪水的威胁。巢湖地区农业发达,是我国著名的稻米产区之一。(7)洪湖 洪湖,英文名Hung Lake,亦作Hong Hu。洪湖是湖北省第一大湖。位于省南部长江与东荆河间的洼地中。湖面高程25公尺,面积413平方公里。东西两侧与长江相通,是鱼类繁殖的良好场所。湖区南部黑鱼湾至螺山一带每年冬季雁鸭麇集,水禽资源丰富。用野鸭羽毛制成的羽毛扇为洪湖地区传统手工艺品。
樱花龙女
世界五大湖苏必利尔湖畔 在加拿大和美国交界处,有五个大湖,这就是闻名世界的五大淡水湖。它们按大小分别为苏必利尔湖、休伦湖、密歇根湖、伊利湖和安大略湖。 五大湖总面积约245660平方公里,是世界上最大的淡水水域。五大湖流域约为766100平方公里,南北延伸近1110公里,从苏必利尔湖西端至安大略湖东端长约1400公里。湖水大致从西向东流,注入大西洋。除密歇根湖和休伦湖外水平面相等外,各湖水面高度依次下降。 五大湖是始于约100万年前的冰川活动的最终产物。现在的五大湖位于当年被冰川活动反复扩大的河谷中。地面大量的冰也曾将河谷压低。现在的五大湖是更新世后期该地区陆续形成许多湖泊的最后阶段。 苏必利尔湖(Superior,lake)是北美洲五大湖最西北和最大的一个,也是世界最大的淡水湖之一,是世界仅次于里海的第二大湖。湖东北面为加拿大,西南面为美国。湖面东西长616公里,南北最宽处257公里,湖面平均海拔180米,水面积82103平方公里,最大深度405米。蓄水量1.2万立方公里。有近200条河流注入湖中,以尼皮贡和圣路易斯河为最大。湖中主要岛屿有罗亚尔岛(美国国家公园之一)、阿波斯特尔群岛、米奇皮科滕岛和圣伊尼亚斯岛。沿湖多林地,风景秀丽,人口稀少。苏必利尔湖水质清澈,湖面多风浪,湖区冬寒夏凉。季节性渔猎和旅游为当地娱乐业主要项目。蕴藏有多种矿物。有很多天然港湾和人工港口。主要港口有加拿大的桑德贝和美国的塔科尼特等。全年通航期为8个月。该湖1622年为法国探险家发现,湖名取自法语,意为“上湖”。 休伦湖(Huron,lake)为北美五大湖中第二大湖。它由西北向东南延伸,长331公里,最宽处163公里。湖面积59570平方公里。有苏必利尔、密歇根湖和众多河流注入。湖水从南端排入伊利湖。湖面海拔176米,最大深度229米。东北部多岛屿。湖区主要经济活动有伐木业和渔业。沿湖多游览区。4月初至12月末为通航季节,主要港口有罗克波特、罗杰期城等。休伦湖是第一个为欧洲人所发现的湖泊,名源出休伦族印第安人。 密歇根湖(Michigan,lake)也叫密执安湖,是北美五大湖中面积居第三位,唯一全部属于美国的湖泊。湖北部与休伦湖相通,南北长517公里,最宽处190公里,湖盆面积近12万平方公里,水域面积57757平方公里,湖面海拔177米,最深处281米,平均水深84米,湖水蓄积量4875立方公里,湖岸线长2100公里。有约100条小河注入其中,北端多岛屿,以比弗岛为最大。沿湖岸边有湖波冲蚀而成的悬崖,东南岸多有沙丘,尤以印第安纳国家湖滨区和州立公园的沙丘最为著名。湖区气候温和,大部分湖岸为避暑地。东岸水果产区颇有名,北岸曲折多港湾,湖中多鳟鱼、鲑鱼,垂钓业兴旺。南端的芝加哥为重要的工业城市,并有很多港口。12月中至来年4月中港湾结冰,航行受阻,但湖面很少全部封冻,几个港口之间全年都有轮渡往来。 伊利湖(Erie,lake)是北美五大湖的第四大湖,东、西、南面为美国,北面为加拿大。湖水面积25667平方公里。呈东北——西南走向,长388公里,最宽处92公里,湖面海拔174米,平均深度18米,最深64米,是五大湖中最浅的一个,湖岸线总长1200公里。底特律河、休伦河、格兰德河等众多河流注入其中,湖水由东端经尼亚加拉河排出。岛屿集中在湖的西端,以加拿大的皮利岛为最大。西北岸有皮利角国家公园(加拿大)。主要港口有美国的克利夫兰、阿什塔比拉等。沿湖工业区曾导致许多湖滨游览区关闭,上个世纪70年代末环境破坏得到控制。 安大略湖(Ontario,lake)是北美洲五大湖最东和最小的一个,北为加拿大,南是美国,大致成椭圆形,主轴线东西长311公里,最宽处85公里。水面约19554平方公里,平均深度86米,最深244米,蓄水量1688立方公里。有尼亚加拉、杰纳西、奥斯威戈、布莱克和特伦特河注入,经韦兰运河和尼亚加拉河与伊利湖连接。著名的尼亚加拉大瀑布上接伊利湖,下灌安大略湖,两湖落差99米。湖水由东端流入圣劳伦斯河。安大略湖北面为农业平原,工业集中在港口城市多伦多、罗切斯特等。港湾每年12月至来年4月不通航。 (据中国科普网)参考资料: Superior Junction in Canada and the United States, the five Great Lakes, which is famous the world's five major fresh water lake. According to the size of their superior, Lake Huron, Lake Michigan, Lake Erie and Ontario. FIVE a total area of about 245,660 square kilometers, is the world's largest source of fresh water. FIVE valley is about 766,100 square kilometers, nearly 1,110 km north-south extending from the eastern end of Lake Superior Huxi end to about 1,400 km. Generally from the West Lake to the east, and into the Atlantic Ocean. In addition to Lake Michigan and Lake Huron outside the same plane, the lake surface height were reduced. AMONG the glacier began about 100 years ago as the final product. Glacial lakes at the present time by repeatedly expanding activities in the valley. Ice Valley has a lot of ground to suppress. The late Pleistocene lakes are many lakes in the region have formed the final stage. Superior (Superior, lake) is the most lakes in North America and the largest in the Northwest and is also one of the world's largest freshwater lake, is the world's second largest after the Caspian Sea. Lake northeast of Canada, the southwest United States. Lake, 616 km from east to west, north and south as simple as 257 kilometers in size, the average altitude of 180 meters of water area of 82,103 square kilometers and a maximum depth of 405 meters. 12,000 cubic kilometers of water. There are nearly 200 rivers flow into the lake, the largest in Nipigon River and St. Louis. Royal i. lake is the main island (one of the United States National Park), the Cape of Apostle Islands, and St. AUC Mijipi cotten island of Vieques. Lingering more forest land, beautiful scenery and sparsely populated. Superior water is clear, the lake more storms Lakes Dong-han cool summer. Seasonal hunting and fishing and tourism major projects for the local entertainment industry. Stored in a variety of minerals. Artificial many natural harbors and ports. Canada's major ports, such as Thunder Bay and the United States Takenite. Navigation on the year for eight. French explorers to the lake in 1622 found that the lake name came from French, meaning "lake." Lake Huron (Huron, lake), the second of the North American Great Lakes lakes. It extends from northwest to southeast, 331 km long, 163 km wide at the maximum. Lake area of 59,570 square kilometers. A Superior Michigan and many rivers into. Lake water from the south into Illinois. Lake elevation of 176 meters and a maximum depth of 229 meters. Northeast many islands. Lakes fishery and the logging industry is the main economic activity. Lingering more touristic. Early April to the end of navigation season, a major port in Rockport, Rogers City period. Lake Huron is the first Europeans to discover the lake, the name originated from Huron Indians. Lake Michigan (Michigan, the lake) is also called Michigan, which ranks third in North American lakes, the only all American lakes. Hubei Department and the same Lake Huron, 517 km long from north to south and 190 km wide at the maximum, the lake area of nearly 120,000 square kilometers, an area of 57,757 square kilometers of waters in size, with an elevation of 177 meters and 281 meters deep, with an average depth of 84 meters, the lake Volume 4,875 cubic kilometers, 2,100 km length of Lake. About 100 of the river into which many northern island, the largest island in Beaver. Lingering shore of the lake from wave erosion of the cliffs, sand dunes many East Coast, particularly in the state of Indiana and Lake State Park's most famous sand dunes. Lakes climate is mild, to the banks of the shelters. Quite the east coast fruit producing areas, and many twists and turns in the Northshore Harbor, lake trout and more fish, salmon fishing industry flourish. Chicago important industrial city in the south, and a lot of ports. Harbor next year's mid-12 to mid-ice, obstructed navigation, but all the little lake snow, several ferry ports in the year between. Lake Erie (Erie, the lake) is the fourth North American lakes Great Lakes, East and West, to the southern United States to northern Canada. Lake area of 25,667 square kilometers. Southwest to the Northeast -- showed that 388 km long, 92 km wide at the maximum size, with an elevation of 174 meters, with an average depth of 18 meters and 64 meters in the deepest, most shallow lakes is one of the banks totals 1,200 km. Detroit River, Huron River, the Rio Grande River and other rivers into which water from the Niagara River on the eastern side of emissions. West of the island in the lake, the largest island in Canada Pillay. Point pelee national park with the north (Canada). Kailifulan major ports in the United States, such as Ashtabula. Lingering in industrial areas has resulted in the closure of many touristic lake last century late 1970s, the destruction of the environment under control. Lake (Ontario, lake) is the smallest North American lakes and most East, North Canada, the United States Southern broadly into an oval, the main east-west axis 311 km long, 85 km wide at the maximum. About 19,554 square kilometers of water, has an average depth of 86 meters deep, 244 meters and 1,688 cubic kilometers of water. A Niagara, Genesee, Oswego, into Blake and Trent River, Welland connecting Lake Erie and the Niagara River. The famous Niagara Falls connecting Lake Erie, Ontario, under irrigation, the 99-meter gap between two lakes. Water flows from the eastern side of the river. Ontario agricultural plains to the north, concentrated in the industrial port city of Toronto, the other in Rochester. Harbor each December to April next year no navigation. (According to science network)
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