林肯生平英文简介

Abraham LincolnBorn: February 12, 1809 in Hodgenville, Kentucky, United StatesDied: April 14, 1865 in Washington, DC, United StatesOccupation: presidentSource Database: Encyclopedia of World BiographyTable of ContentsBiographical Essay | Further ReadingsBIOGRAPHICAL ESSAYSixteenth president of the United States and president during the Civil War, Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865) was immortalized by his Emancipation Proclamation, his Gettysburg Address, and two outstanding inaugural addresses.Abraham Lincoln was born on Feb. 12, 1809, in a log cabin on a farm in Hardin County, Ky. His father had come with his parents from Virginia and had grown to manhood on the Kentucky frontier. He had evidently become moderately successful as a farmer and carpenter, for in 1803 he was able to pay £118 cash for a farm near Elizabethtown. Three years later he married Nancy Hanks, described as "intelligent, deeply religious, kindly, and affectionate," but as "illiterate" as himself. Of her family and background little authentic is known.Lincoln's BackgroundThe young couple soon moved to the one-room cabin on Nolin Creek where their second child, Abraham, was born. Two years later the family moved to the farm on Knob Creek that Abraham later remembered. There, when there was no pressing work to be done, Abraham walked 2 miles to the schoolhouse, where he learned the rudiments of reading, writing, and arithmetic.Five years later the elder Lincoln sold his lands and carried his family into the untracked wilderness of Indiana across the Ohio River. It was late fall, and there was time only to pull together a crude three-sided shelter of logs, brush, and leaves. The open side was protected by a blazing fire which had to be replenished at all times. The only water was nearly a mile away. For food the family depended almost entirely on game.They began building a better home and clearing the land for planting. They were making progress when, in the summer of 1818, a dread disease known as milk sickness struck the region. First it carried off Mrs. Lincoln's uncle and aunt and then Nancy Hanks Lincoln herself. On the shoulders of Abraham's 12-year-old sister, Sarah, fell the burden of caring for the household; the home was soon reduced to near squalor.The next winter Abraham's father returned to Kentucky and brought back a second wife, Sarah Bush Johnson, a widow with three children. Abraham learned to love her and in later years referred to her as "my angel mother."As time passed, the region where the Lincolns lived grew in population, and James Gentry's little store became a trading center around which the village of Gentryville grew. There Abraham spent much of his spare time, early showing a marked talent for storytelling and mimicry. He grew tall and strong, and his father often hired him out to work for neighbors. Through this came the chance, with Gentry's son Allen, to take a flatboat of produce down the Ohio and Mississippi rivers to New Orleans--Lincoln's first sight of anything other than frontier simplicity.Meanwhile Lincoln's father had again moved his family to a new home in Illinois, where he built a cabin on the Sangamon River. This was open prairie country, but the abundant trees along the streams supplied the rails to fence their fields. Young Lincoln, already skilled with his ax, was soon splitting rails, not only for the Lincoln farm but for others as well.At the end of the first summer in Illinois an attack of fever and ague put the Lincolns again on the move. This time it was to Coles County. Abraham, however, did not go along. He was now of independent age and had agreed with two friends to take a cargo of produce, belonging to one Denton Offutt, downriver to New Orleans. Offutt was so impressed with Lincoln's abilities that he placed him in charge of the mill and store which he had established at New Salem.Entering Public LifeThis was the turning point; the Lincoln of history began to emerge. To the store came people of all kinds to talk and trade and to enjoy the stories and rich human qualities stored up in this unique man. The young roisterers from Clary's Grove found him to be more than a match for their champion wrestlers and became his devoted followers. The members of the New Salem Debating Society welcomed him; and when the Black Hawk War broke out, the volunteers of the region elected Lincoln to be their captain. On his return he announced himself as a candidate for the Illinois Legislature on a "Henry Clay-Whig" platform of internal improvements, better educational facilities, and lower interest rates. He was not elected, but he did receive 277 of the 300 votes cast in the New Salem precinct.Lincoln next formed a partnership with William Berry and purchased one of the other stores in New Salem. However, on the death of his partner Lincoln found himself responsible for a $1,100 debt. His appointment as New Salem postmaster and the chance to work as deputy surveyor of the country improved his finances. He also was enabled to widen his acquaintances and to win election to the state legislature in 1834. The skill with which Lincoln conducted his campaign so impressed John Todd Stuart, the Whig leader of the county and an outstanding lawyer in Springfield, that he took Lincoln under his care and inspired him to begin the study of law.Lincoln served four successive terms in the legislature and became floor leader of his party in the lower house. Meanwhile, he mastered the law books he could buy or borrow and in September 1836 passed the bar examinations and was admitted to practice. He played an important part in having the state capital moved from Vandalia to Springfield, and in 1837 he moved there to become Stuart's law partner. Coming into a firm already well established, Lincoln had a secure legal future. He not only practiced in Springfield but rode the Eighth Circuit of some 160 miles through the Sangamon Valley. He did not, however, neglect politics, and in 1846 he was elected to the U.S. Congress.In these years Lincoln had become engaged to Mary Todd, a cultured and well-educated Kentucky woman who was visiting relatives in Springfield. After a rather stormy courtship, they were married on November 2, 1842. The part which Mary played in Lincoln's life is still a matter of controversy.National PoliticsLincoln's election to Congress came just as the war with Mexico began. Like many Whigs, he doubted the justice of the war, but since it was popular in Illinois he kept quiet.When Congress convened in December 1847, Lincoln, the only Whig from Illinois, voted for the Wilmot Proviso whenever it came up. When William A. Richardson, Illinois Democrat, presented resolutions declaring the war just and necessary and Mexico the aggressor, Lincoln countered with resolutions declaring that Mexico, not the United States, had jurisdiction over "the spot" where blood was first shed. These resolutions, together with one to abolish slavery in the District of Columbia, brought sharp criticism from the people back in Illinois. Lincoln was "not a patriot." He had not correctly represented his state. Although the Whigs won the presidency in 1848, Lincoln could not even control the patronage in his own district. His political career seemed to be ended. His only reward for party service was an offer of the governorship of far-off Oregon, which he refused. He could only return to the practice of law.War on the HorizonDuring the next 12 years, while Lincoln rebuilt his legal practice, the nation was drifting steadily toward sectional confrontation. Victory in the Mexican war, having added vast western territory to the United States, had raised anew the issue of slavery in the territories. To southerners it involved the security and rights of slavery everywhere; to Northerners it was a matter of morals and democratic obligations. Tempers flared and the crisis developed. Only the frantic efforts of Henry Clay and Daniel Webster brought about the Compromise of 1850 as a temporary truce. The basic issues, however, were not eliminated. Four years later Stephen A. Douglas, by his bill to organize the Kansas-Nebraska Territory according to "squatter sovereignty" and "with all questions pertaining to slavery ... left to the decision of the people," reopened the whole bitter struggle.Douglas's bill, plus the repeal of the Missouri Compromise, brought Lincoln back into politics. He had always viewed slavery as a "moral, social and political wrong" and looked forward to its eventual abolition. Although willing to let it alone for the present in the states where it existed, he would not see it extended one inch. Douglas's popular sovereignty doctrine, he thought, revealed an indifference to the moral issue and ignored the growing Northern determination to rid the nation of slavery. So when Douglas returned to Illinois to defend his position, Lincoln seized every opportunity to point out the weakness in it.Republican LeaderLincoln's failure to receive the nomination as senator in 1855 convinced him that the Whig party was dead, and by summer 1856 he became openly identified with the new Republicans. At their state convention that year he delivered what many have considered his greatest speech. It was an appeal aimed at welding all anti-Nebraska men into a vigorous and successful party. Thus, Lincoln had made himself the outstanding leader of the new party. At the party's first national convention in Philadelphia, he received 110 votes for vice president on the first ballot. Though he was not chosen, he had been recognized as an important national figure.Violence in Kansas and the Supreme Court decision in the Dred Scott case soon centered national attention on Illinois. There Douglas, who had broken sharply with the new administration over acceptance of the proslavery Lecompton Constitution, had returned to wage his fight for reelection to the Senate. It would be an uphill struggle, with the fate of the national Democratic party in the balance. It would not be like earlier elections, for Illinois had grown rapidly and the population majority had shifted from the southern part of the state to the central and northern areas. In these growing areas the new Republican party had gained a large majority and offered, in Abraham Lincoln, a rival candidate of proven ability. Some Republicans in the East thought that Douglas should not be opposed, because of his stand on Kansas; but Lincoln thought differently. He had delivered his now famous "house divided" speech, and he pressed Douglas for a joint discussion of issues. Out of this came the Lincoln-Douglas debates, in which Lincoln proved his ability to hold his own against the "Little Giant." In the end Douglas was reelected, but Lincoln had gained national attention. Invitations for speeches pored in from all over the country. His speech at Cooper Institute in New York attracted wide attention and gave him a new standing in the East.When the Republican National Convention met to choose its presidential candidate for 1860, Lincoln was the first or second choice of most delegations. As a result, when serious objections were raised against other first choices, many turned to Lincoln. That he stood well in the states which the Republicans had lost in 1856 also helped; the bargains and promises which Lincoln's managers made did the rest. He was nominated on the third ballot. The split in the Democratic party and the formation of the Constitutional Union party made Lincoln's election certain. He would be a minority, sectional president. Seven Southern states reacted by seceding from the Union and forming the Confederate States of America.Sixteenth PresidentIn the critical months before taking office, Lincoln selected his Cabinet. It was a strange group, chosen with the aim of representing all elements in the party. The skill with which Lincoln taught each of his men that he was their master and secured maximum service from them is one of the marks of his greatness.In his inaugural address he clarified his position on the national situation. Secession, he said, was anarchy. The Union could not legally be broken apart. He would not interfere with slavery in the states, but he would "hold, occupy, and possess" all Federal property and places. Firmness and conciliation would go together.The first test came when Secretary of State William H. Seward secretly conferred with Southerners regarding the evacuation of Ft. Sumter in Charleston harbor. Lincoln firmly but kindly put Seward in his place and refused to yield even though it meant the outbreak of the Civil War.A second test came when Col. John C. Frémont, in command at St. Louis, invoked martial law and announced the confiscation of the property of all persons who had taken up arms against the government and the freeing of their slaves. Lincoln quickly rescinded the orders and, when Frémont resisted, removed him from command.Civil WarFrom this time on, Lincoln's life was shaped by the problems and fortunes of civil war. As president, he was the head of all administration agencies and commander in chief of the armies. On him the criticisms for inefficiency in administration and failure in battle fell first. Radicals in Congress were soon demanding a reorganization of his Cabinet and a new set of generals to lead his armies. He let the dissatisfied congressmen air their views and in the end withdraw in confusion. To the critics of Gen. George McClellan, he pointed to the army this general had created, relieved him when he failed, but brought him back to serve until better men had been developed. Meanwhile Lincoln himself studied military books. He correctly evaluated Gen. Ulysses S. Grant and Gen. William T. Sherman and the importance of the western campaign.As to slavery, Lincoln waited until after the victory at Antietam, when it would have real meaning as a war measure, to issue his Emancipation Proclamation. Later, at Gettysburg, he gave the war its universal meaning as a struggle to preserve a nation "conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal."As the war dragged on, Lincoln's critics began to question his chances for reelection. Salmon P. Chase in the Cabinet and Radicals in Congress plotted to crowd him aside, and only the loyalty of the people and final military success secured his reelection. His second inaugural address was brief. It lacked bitterness toward the South and urged his people "to bind up the nation's wounds." "With malice toward none; with charity for all," Americans could achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace.Lincoln had already taken steps in that direction. As the Federal Army had conquered Southern territory, he had set up military governments and soon had governments in Tennessee, Louisiana, Arkansas, and Virginia. When Congress opposed this, he applied the "pocket veto" to its bill. He had never learned to hate. He was interested only in a restored Union. He did insist on ending slavery in the reconstructed states, and there are some indications that he favored votes for capable Negroes. What the final outcome might have been, history does not know, for on the night of April 14, 1865, an assassin's bullet ended his life. Then, as Edwin Stanton said, he belonged to the ages.-- Avery CravenFURTHER READINGSLincoln's writings are gathered in The Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln (8 vols., 1953), edited by Roy P. Basler and others. The Lincoln Reader (1947), edited by Paul M. Angle, is one of many anthologies of selected writings. Lincoln and His America, 1809-1865: The Words of Abraham Lincoln (1970), arranged by David Flowden and the editors of Viking Press, is a handsome book that gives a portrait of Lincoln's entire life through his own words and includes hundreds of photographs. Lincoln As I Knew Him (1999), edited by Harold Holzer, offers glimpses of Lincoln through the letters, diaries, memoirs and accounts of people who met him over the course of his life.The literature on Lincoln is enormous and still growing. A useful bibliography is Paul M. Angle, A Shelf of Lincoln Books: A Critical, Selective Bibliography of Lincolniana (1946). One of the most popular biographies is Carl Sandburg's sprawling study, Abraham Lincoln: The Prairie Years (2 vols., 1926) and Abraham Lincoln: The War Years (4 vols., 1939), all condensed into one volume in 1954. Among the many good biographies are older works: W. H. Herndon and J. W. Weik, Herndon's Lincoln (3 vols., 1889); the classic work of John G. Nicolay and John Hay, Abraham Lincoln: A History (10 vols., 1890), condensed into an excellent one-volume edition in 1966; Lord Charnwood, Abraham Lincoln (2 vols., 1925); and Albert J. Beveridge, Abraham Lincoln, 1809-1858 (2 vols., 1928). Edgar Lee Masters, Lincoln the Man (1931), portrays Lincoln unfavorably. More recent biographies are Benjamin P. Thomas, Abraham Lincoln (1952); Stefan Lorant, The Life of Abraham Lincoln (1954); Reinhard Henry Luthin, The Real Abraham Lincoln (1960); and Edward J. Kempf, Abraham Lincoln's Philosophy of Common Sense: An Analytical Biography of a Great Mind (3 vols., 1965).Interpretative studies of Lincoln's life include Roy P. Basler, The Lincoln Legend: A Study in Changing Conceptions (1935), which analyzes the creation of a national legend about Lincoln; David Herbert Donald, Lincoln Reconsidered: Essays on the Civil War Era (1956); Richard N. Current, The Lincoln Nobody Knows (1958); and David D. Anderson, Abraham Lincoln (1970), which examines Lincoln's personal and political life through the development of his thought and prose.There are numerous studies of specific aspects of Lincoln's career and influence. Among them are T. Harry Williams, Lincoln and the Radicals (1941) and Lincoln and the Generals (1952); David M. Potter, Lincoln and His Party in the Secession Crisis (1942; with a new preface, 1962); Reinhard Henry Luthin and Harry J. Carman, Lincoln and Patronage (1943); Jay Monaghan, Diplomat in Carpet Slippers (1945); Burton J. Hendrick, Lincoln's War Cabinet (1946); James G. Randall, Lincoln and the South (1946), Lincoln the President (4 vols., 1946-1955), Lincoln the Liberal Statesman (1947), and Mr. Lincoln (1957); William Best HesseHine, Lincoln and the War Governors (1948); Donald W. Riddle, Lincoln Runs for Congress (1948); Don E. Fehrenbacher, Prelude to Greatness: Lincoln in the 1850s (1962); Benjamin Quarles, Lincoln and the Negro (1962); Paul Simon, Lincoln's Preparation for Greatness: The Illinois Legislative Years (1965); Dean Sprague, Freedom under Lincoln (1965); and Richard Allen Heckman, Lincoln vs. Douglas: The Great Debates (1967), which attempts to diminish the exaggerated importance of the debates and place them in a better perspective. A critique of special interest is Benjamin P. Thomas, Portrait for Posterity: Lincoln and His Biographers (1947). The 1860 and 1864 presidential elections are detailed in Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., History of American Presidential Elections (4 vols., 1971). An examination of Lincoln's perspective on religion and his theological endeavors can be found in Allen C. Guelzo,Abraham Lincoln: Redeemer President (1999).

亚伯拉罕·林肯 ( Abraham Lincoln ) （1809-1865）

亚伯拉罕·林肯，共和党人，美国政治家、思想家，黑人奴隶制的废除者。下面是我为你整理的林肯的英文简介，希望对你有用!林肯简介 Abraham Lincoln (February 12, 1809 - April 15, 1865), Republicans, American politicians, thinkers, abolition of black slavery. 16th president of the United States, during his presidency, the United States outbreak of civil war, known as the Civil War, Lincoln firmly opposed to the national division. He abolished the rebellion of the state slavery, promulgated the "homestead law", "the liberation of black slaves declaration." Lincoln defeated the separatist forces in the south, maintaining the rights of the United States and its territory, regardless of race, human life and equal rights. Shortly after the end of the civil war, Lincoln was assassinated, was the first assassination of the US president, is also the first Republican president, has repeatedly been rated as the greatest president. The latest version of the $ 5 notes is the picture of Abraham Lincoln. In 2006, Abraham Lincoln was rated by the American authoritative journal "Atlantic Monthly" as the first 100 characters to influence the United States. British "The Times" in 2008 organized the Committee of Experts on the 43 US presidents were different standards for the "greatest president" ranking, Abraham Lincoln as the first. 林肯人物生平 Early experience February 12, 1909, Lincoln was born in a poor family in Harding County, Kentucky, in his own words, his childhood is "a poor chronology of poverty." When he was a child, he helped the family move the firewood, raise the water, do the farm work, and so on. Parents are descendants of British immigrants who live by farming and hunting. In 1816, the Lincoln family moved to the southwest of Indiana, land reclamation for a living. 9 years old, Lincoln only 36-year-old mother died, and thus cultivate his ability to think and work independently, grew up after the height of 193cm, but always gives the most calm and depressed impression. A year later, the father married a good-hearted woman named Sally Bush. Stepmother kindly hard work, treat her husband's ex-wife's children as their own, full of love for the small Lincoln, Lincoln also respected mother, a family living in harmony and happiness. Lincoln's education is not high due to poor family poverty. In order to maintain the family plan, juvenile Lincoln had been on the Ohio River ferry, plantation workers and so on. At the age of 18, tall Lincoln was hired by a shipowner, with people along a flat barge boat along the Ohio River, sailing thousands of miles to New Orleans. Before the age of 25, Lincoln did not have a fixed career, four to make a living. Adulthood, he became a local land surveyor, due to proficient in measurement and calculation, often people to go to solve the boundary disputes. In the hard work of spare time, Lincoln is always a love of reading young people, his night lights always flash to late very late. In his youth, Lincoln read all of Shakespeare's writings, read "American history", and read many historical and literary books. He makes himself a learned and intelligent man through self-study. Beginning with politics In 1834, at a political rally Lincoln first published a political speech, because of criticism of the slave system, made some suggestions conducive to public affairs, he had an impact in the public, coupled with his outstanding character, In 1834 he was elected a state legislator. In August the same year, 25-year-old Lincoln was elected as a member of Illinois as a member of the Illinois and re-elected three to 1842, while managing the country post office, and engaged in land survey. In 1836, Lincoln became a lawyer through self-study, and later opened a law firm in Springfield. And soon became the state legislator Whig party leader. After accumulating the experience of state legislators. In 1846, 37-year-old Lincoln was elected to the US House of Representatives. In 1847, Lincoln as the representative of the Whig Party, participated in the election of members of Congress, was successful, the first time to the capital of Washington. In the past, the debate on slavery has become a major event in American political life. In this argument, Lincoln became an anti-niggerist. He believes that slavery should eventually be eliminated, first of all should be in the capital Washington to abolish slavery. Manchuists who represent the interests of the slave owners in the south are frantically opposed to Lincoln's slavery. In 1850, the slave forces in the United States increased, and Lincoln withdrew from Congress and continued as a lawyer. In 1856, Lincoln withdrew from the Whig Party for his strong opposition to the expansion of slavery, took part in the newly established Republican against slavery and soon became the main leader of the party. Elected president In November 1860, Lincoln was elected president, Republican for the first time in power. Lincoln's election posed a serious threat to the interests of the southern plantation owners, the southern plantation slaves for the manufacture of divisions, launched a mutiny, the southern 11 states have quit the federal, announced the establishment of the "United States Union", and developed a new constitution, Elect the new president. In April 1861, the southern rebel forces first provoked war to the north. Lincoln called on the people to fight for the reunification of the Union, the outbreak of the Civil War. After the Civil War began, President Lincoln was decisive, not only to expand the power of the President of the war, but also ordered in some areas to abolish the personal protection of citizens privileges. However, Lincoln has been shaken and hesitated on the issue of liberation of slaves, one of the important concerns is the private property rights issues related to the constitutional process. In view of the fact that the US Constitution prohibits the government from depriving citizens of property without proper legal process, Lincoln has no intention or liberation of slaves. August 22, 1862, in a letter to the New York Tribune editor, "Lincoln wrote:" My highest goal is to save the federation, neither to preserve slavery nor to destroy slavery. A slave can save the union, I will not liberate; if the liberation of all slaves can save the federal, I will be all liberation; if the liberation of part of the slaves, not the liberation of other slaves can save the federal, I also do. "In his presidency, Lincoln tried to demand a peaceful way to abolish slavery in order to avoid state divisions and wars. But with the deepening of the war, Lincoln really realized that in order to really abolish slavery, it must be bloodshed and sacrifice, and the way of peace can not solve any problems at all. Lincoln, in the most critical juncture of the civil war, was able to comply with the demands of the broad masses of the people and destroy the slavery in a revolutionary way and to solve the people's demands on the land, thus promoting the development of American capitalism and maintaining national unity and the liberation of black slaves Made an important contribution. Civil war wins The defeat of the North on the battlefield caused strong dissatisfaction among the broad masses of the people, and many cities broke out demonstrations and asked the government to take measures to reverse the war situation. At this time Lincoln realized that in order to win the war, we must mobilize the enthusiasm of farmers, the abolition of slavery, the liberation of slaves. In May 1862, Lincoln signed the "Homestead Law", which stipulated that each American citizen would pay only $ 10 in registration fees and would be able to make 160 acres of land in the west and five years after the continuous cultivation became the legitimate owner of the land. This measure fundamentally eliminates the possibility of the southern slave owners to seize the western land, but also to meet the urgent needs of the majority of farmers, greatly stimulated the enthusiasm of farmers fighting courageously. In September 1862, Lincoln personally drafted the "liberation of black slaves declaration (draft)". January 1, 1863 formally promulgated the "liberation of black slaves declaration", announced that the abolition of the rebellion of the slavery of the state, the liberation of the slaves can be called to participate in the federal army. Announced the slaves to obtain freedom, fundamentally disintegrated the combat effectiveness of the Southern Army, but also to the North Army to get a solid source of soldiers. During the civil war, direct black warriors reached 18.6 million people, they are very brave fighting, the average of every three blacks have one for the liberation of the cause of life. 1863 proposed "people, the people, the people enjoy" the programmatic slogan, so that the war has become a mass revolutionary struggle. It is important to note that the Liberation Slave Declaration advocates that all slaves of the territory under the rebel territory of the United States should enjoy freedom, but the object of exemption also includes states that are not divorced from the federal state and the state under the control of the state. This declaration immediately liberates a small part of the slaves, but essentially strengthens the authority of the slave army after the federal army controls the territory of the Union, and paves the way for the final abolition of the national slavery. The promulgation of the two laws of the "Homestead Law" and the "Declaration of the Liberation of the Black Slaves" is a turning point in the Civil War, and the situation on the battlefield has become increasingly favorable to the North. On July 1, 1863, the two sides launched the largest battle since the Civil War in Gettysburg, north of Washington. The two sides fighting for three days and three nights, the North Army hit the Southern Army, the South Army lost 36,000 people, from the North Army began to enter the counterattack, while the South Army only defensive. On July 4, 1863, the Northern Army was victorious in Vicksburg. Vicksburg is located on the Mississippi River, is a 200 feet above the surface of the cliff, according to the cliff of the Southern Army condescending, you can use fire directly threaten the river from the ship. It is very difficult to attack this fortress from below. As early as the end of 1862, Grant led his troops in the Navy with the help of several times to attack the fortress, but did not succeed. In April 1863, Grant launched a new offensive plan, first destroyed the fortress around the various positions, and then surrounded the Vicksburg. The Navy also came to help, from the land and water at the same time attack, violent shelling fortress, deafening sound has been ringing for 47 days. July 4, trapped in the fortress of the Southern Army exhausted, forced to surrender, the Northern Army this time captive rebels 2.9 million people. Then, the northern army swept the leaves of the autumn trend, the rapid pursuit of rebels, April 3, 1865 captured the rebel capital Richmond. On 9 April, the rebel commander-in-chief Robert Lee's rate of remnants of 28,000 people surrendered to Grant in the village of Apomacomos. The four-year-long North and South war ended in the north. Shot dead Due to Abraham Lincoln's outstanding achievements in the American Civil War, he was re-elected as President of the United States on 8 November 1864. However, before Lincoln put his postwar policy into effect, the tragedy took place. At 10:15 on April 14, 1865, Lincoln was shot at the Ford Theater in Washington on the fifth day after the surrender of the South Army. Sympathetic to the South actor John Booth while the president bodyguard to leave, quietly slipped into the presidential box shot hit Lincoln. On 15 April, the 16th President of the United States of America, Abraham Lincoln, died. Booth was born in the United States after the opening of the theater, his superb acting has been the object of female fans chase. But the Boss was in the midst of the mourning of the country, and he was unequivocal in politics: a strong supporter of the Confederacy. During the civil war, Booth put together a group of people secretly activities, these people, including his childhood friends Mitchell Aoluofu Lin and Sam Arnold; Maryland, a manufacturing carriage of George Atzrode; 23 years old Of the drugstore staff David Herold; former South Federal fighter Louis Powell, and a former army has provided information for the John Salat. The organization had plotted an apartment in Washington to kidnap Lincoln to exchange plans for captive soldiers in the south, but these plans were as fruitless as many other conspiracies. Lincoln was stabbed two or three days before, Booth almost every day drunk, his former conspiracy organization fragmented, only Pein, Herod and Atzrod. April 14 at noon, he went to the Ford Theater to take the e-mail, inadvertently see the poster said Lincoln and Grant will attend the evening show, Booth burst of ecstasy, immediately called the buddies to implement their final plan: Assassinate Vice President Johnson, Pein and Herold to assassinate the increasingly recovering Secretary of State West Howard, Booth himself to shoot the president. Booth entered the president's box at 10 pm. The box is a lock, but this lock in a few days ago on the bad, and no one reported the matter. As Booth was an actor, so the guards of the President did not embarrass him. Police John Parker should have been on the way to the box in the lobby, but he was not interested in the play, so he hid to another room to drink. When Booth entered the box, he calmly aimed the gun between Lincoln's left ear and back ... ... shot a total of 8 times, Lincoln was hit 6 times, of which 5 hit the key. However, only 1675 viewers, only few people heard gunshots, and even sitting next to Mrs. Lincoln and a few accompanied by watching the people are not too shocked by the gunfire. It was hard to hear that the laughter and the gunshots of the audience were hard to hear because Booth had chosen to shoot at the climax of the play. Then the box in a chaos, Booth jumped from the box to the stage, turned to the audience shouted: "All tyrants are the end of this." This is the famous words of Virginia. After the assassination of Lincoln, Booth has been to the south to escape, but because the government launched a national search, Booth was found in a locked pigsty, and finally killed by the guns outside the staff. After the death of a few decades, there are a lot of people claim that they are real Booth, there is a person several times twice said that he is Booth, but in fact because these people want to be known through this, from these Things can reflect Lincoln's position in the eyes of the Americans is extremely high. 林肯的人物评价 亚伯拉罕·林肯(Abraham Lincoln)(1809年02月12日—1865年04月15日)，是美国第16任总统，首位共和党总统，也是首位被暗杀的美国总统。他为推动美国社会向前发展作出了巨大贡献，受到美国人民的崇敬。是世界历史中最伟大的人物之一，领导了拯救联邦和结束奴隶制度的伟大斗争。人们怀念他的正直、仁慈和坚强的个性，他一直是美国历史上最受人景仰的总统之一。尽管他在边疆只受过一点儿初级 教育 ，担任公职的 经验 也很少，然而，他那敏锐的洞察力和深厚的人道主义意识，使他成了美国历史上最伟大的总统之一，现行的5美元纸币上印的就是林肯的头像，由此可见林肯在美国历史上的地位。 共产主义革命导师马克思十分高度地评价林肯说：“他是一个不会被困难所吓倒、不会为成功所迷惑的人，他不屈不挠地迈向自己的伟大目标，而从不轻举妄动，他稳步向前，而从不倒退……总之，他是一位达到了伟大境界而仍然保持自己优良品质的极其罕有的人物。” 林肯1809年02月12日出生于肯塔基州哈定县一个普通农民家庭，青年时代先后当过售货员、乡邮员、测量员、 木工 等，1832年竞选伊利诺伊州议员失败，1833至1836年任伊利诺伊州新塞勒姆邮政局局长。 1834年8月，他作为辉格党人当选为伊利诺伊州议员并连任三届至1842年，1836年通过自学取得律师资格，后在斯普林菲尔德合伙开办律师事务所，1847年作为该州辉格党内唯一代表当选为国会众议员。1856年，林肯因强烈反对扩大奴隶制而退出辉格党，参加新成立的反对奴隶制的共和党，并很快成为该党主要领导人。1860年11月，林肯当选总统，共和党首次执政。林肯的当选对南方 种植 园主的利益构成严重威胁。1861年，南北战争爆发。战争初期，林肯采取谋求同南方和解的方针，军事上节节失利。在各阶层的强烈要求下，一系列打击奴隶制的法令在1862年得以通过。 1862年09月22日，林肯发表《解放黑人奴隶宣言》，宣布自1863年01月01日起废除叛乱各州的奴隶制，奴隶将成为自由人。文件给黑奴带来了希望和勇气，许多黑奴脱离了南方军队，参加了北方军。1864年，他提出“民有、民治、民享”的 口号 ，鼓舞士气，于1865年04月取得内战胜利。在1864年大选中，林肯提出了废除奴隶制的第十三条修正案并列入共和党竞选纲领。11月08日，林肯再次当选为总统。 1865年04月14日晚，林肯在华盛顿福特剧院观看喜剧《我们的美国亲戚》时，被一个奴隶主刺杀，次日晨逝世。林肯的不幸逝世引起了国内外的巨大震动，美国人民深切哀悼他，有700多万人停立在道路两旁向出殡的行列致哀，有150万人瞻仰了林肯的遗容。 猜你喜欢： 1. 对林肯英文版的评价 2. 林肯经典英语名言 3. 对林肯的评价英文 4. 林肯语录英文带翻译的 5. 林肯纪念堂英语简介

Abraham Lincoln (February 12,1809 – April 15,1865) was the sixteenth President of the United States,March 4,1861 to April 15,1865.As an outspoken opponent of the expansion of slavery and a political leader in the western states,he won the Republican Party nomination in 1860 and was elected president later that year.During his term,he helped preserve the United States by leading the defeat of the secessionist Confederate States of America in the American Civil War.He introduced measures that resulted in the abolition of slavery,issuing his Emancipation Proclamation in 1863 and promoting the passage of the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution in 1865.Lincoln's leadership qualities were evident in his close supervision of the victorious war effort,especially in his selection of Ulysses S.Grant and other top generals.Historians conclude that he handled the factions of the Republican Party brilliantly by bringing its leaders into his cabinet and forcing them to cooperate.In crisis management,he defused a war scare with the United Kingdom (1861),he outmaneuvered the Confederacy and took control of the border slave states in 1861 – 1862,and he managed his own landslide reelection in the 1864 presidential election.Antiwar "Copperheads" criticized him for refusing to compromise on the slavery issue.In contrast,the Radical Republicans,a strongly Abolitionist faction of the Republican Party,criticized him for moving too slowly in abolishing slavery.Yet despite his detractors,Lincoln successfully rallied public opinion through the powerful rhetoric of his messages and speeches; his Gettysburg Address is remembered as a prime example of this.