care法律英语

楼上的理解不是很准确的，这个是在tort law（侵权法）中出现的。讨论这个问题，有个前提，就是在tort law（侵权法）中，而negligence的含义是疏忽、怠慢，这个字很多时用在专业人士身上，主要针对专业人士并没有根据他们的专业操守、行为，而作出适当的做法，至使他们的客户因此而蒙受损失。所以duty of care 翻译成“注意义务”比较合适，结合侵权法的理论，可以把duty of care 理解为因为行为人主观上的疏忽，而未尽到相应的注意义务，而这个注意义务的要求因为行为人为专业人士，所以要高于一般人。

It means a duty owed by one person to anonther because of the relatioship between the two parties arising from the risk of injury. 准确来说，a duty of care 翻译成“有责任去履行，承担。。义务”在侵权法中，如果被告的疏忽（ negligence），而造成原告的损失，则被告就有责任，义务去赔偿原告。that is to say, the defendent （被告）has a duty of care to the plaintiff(原告)

American tort law of strict liability originated in England, already became the continental law scholars often use of the concept. And has integrated into European countries tort law imputation principle system. In recent years, strict liability applicable scope are increasing tendency. Strict liability is based on security breach of the absolute duty, although most people already fulfill the fittest cautious attention, but as to his behavior is liable for damage done by. The defense of strict liability is very limited, reasonable care is not among them. Strict liability most often apply to abnormally dangerous activity or product liability cases.The essential characteristics of strict liability(a) strict liability of the fault sexStrict liability is undoubtedly following the fault liability which occurred after new milestone. It is the advent of make the fault factors is no longer determine the ultimate basis person responsibility, and this helps to protect the innocent victim and disadvantaged groups.(2) strict liability riskOverview of tort law, countries with strict liability unavoidable risk relates in together. Continental law system country Germany say strict liability for dangerous responsibility. Some scholars will will risk liability and the common law of strict liability equivalent. In France also in dangerous activity as use strict liability foundation. [20] but actually tort law, strict liability except applicable to animal causes infringement, workers' compensation, product liability etc, in most cases is also beyond applies abnormally dangerous activity of damage.(3) strict liability fixation sexIn fault liability tort party to produce a damage, should be liable for compensation because behavior person has moral can accuse sex. But strict liability actor no-fault, should remain liable for compensation, the imputation sex basis intriguing. And the 20th century's most influential one of western jurist pound from maintaining social general safety obligations set out, demonstrates the rationality of strict liability. He thought from the late nineteenth century begins, legal focuses on social interests rather than individual interests protection.(4) strict liability of causalityDue to the fault in fault liability is finally decided to constitute elements, it is to decide whether the key fault liability was established. In strict liability constituents, don't consider injures fault or. Therefore, causal relationship with more important sense, it is strict liability element of the final requirement. In strict liability only causality and damage two elements, namely the plaintiff only through the proe causality and damage of the two factors can get relief.(5) strict liability on the burden of proof inverted sexStrict liability is based on the safety of absolute duty breach, no matter whether the defendant fulfill the duty of care of the most careful, as long as the damage occurred shall assume responsibility, such as the defendant can't put forward reasonable justifications (and justifications quite limited), it cannot be exempted from liability, namely the plaintiff's burden partly transferred to the defendant body, the plaintiff simply just causality and by damage burden has sufficient.(6) strict liability of defense limited sex1, due to a third party behavior, animal behavior and natural forces caused the damage cannot become defenses.2, the victim fault can be used as a defense against the reason.3, aggrieved person, content and animal anomaly sensitivity as justifications.4 and perform the public responsibility can serve as justifications.The analysis of strict liability(a) practicality: American tort law rooted in the soil of pragmatism, upholds the artificial center, advocates understanding and the experience is inseparable, emphasize the integration of theory with practice. On the basis of the case -law system is a judge empirical wisdom and logical reasoning union product. Comes case law of strict liability after change the applicable range and the increasing this fact itself proves the rules have vitality and practicability.(2) transcendence: whether scholars with strict liability equivalent to what responsibility opinions vary, but undoubtedly, which transcends the French law "fault-presuming liability" and German law "dangerous responsibility", and brushed with abstract insight, and logical supply of continental law tort law theory system barriers, let the centralization of imputation principle system to systematically normalize or diversification imputation principle system development, thus the world legislation has far-reaching influence.(3) justice: strict liability emphasize behavior and the victim to gain the balance, reflected the protective weak instead of the equal protection of the new ideas, and thereby realizes the substantial justice. This point in product liability and workers' compensation field especially appear prominent.

一个人遭受法律赔偿可能能够使用侵权法接受赔偿法律责任的人,或者“责任”,对那些伤害. .侵权故意行为和事故的发生。例如,爱丽丝抛出一个球,意外地击中了布伦达的眼睛。布伦达可能起诉爱丽丝损失引起的事故(如。、医疗费用、损失的收入在下班时间,痛苦等)是否Brenda赢得她的衣服取决于爱丽丝如果她能证明了我

一个人必须检查自己的状态（或雇佣一个律师来这样做）确定如果美国要求特定的国家规定的法定的预先指令保健形式被使用。一些国家（e.g.california，俄亥俄州，德克萨斯，和佛蒙特州）需要国家的法定形式。密歇根需要代理＇在事前指示签名。大多数州要求预先指示在两个成年证人不相关或是给谁的人创建的文档的健康直接相关的见证下签署。他在不同的国家有多个居民个人应完成每个国家医疗照护事前指示。美国律师协会委员会的低和老化提供卫生保健的预先规划的公共消费的工具。该工具不创建卫生保健的一个正式的预先指示；相反，它有利于在达到个人决定医疗照护事前规划的多步骤的过程。老年法律专业人士也应该知道的变化所造成的健康保险流通与责任法案1996通道（HIPPA），第一个联邦立法是病历隐私，但结果可以证明有问题的律师要求代表昏迷病人和韦德通过隐私规则是指具有3-3读书这种运气塔拉的监督下制备的健康护理，为他们的客户朱莉安娜詹姆森

An individual must check his state status (or hire an attorney to do so) to determine if the states requiring that a particular state-mandated statutory advance directive for health care form be used. Some states (e.g. California, Ohio, Texas, and Vermont) require state statutory forms. Michigan requires the agent’s signature on the advance directive. Most states require that the advance directive be signed in the presence of two adult witnesses who are not related or who are directly related to the health care of the person creating the document. Individuals who have multiple residences in different states should complete advance health care directives for each state.

个人须检查其所在州的情况（或雇佣律师来做）以确定（这些）州是否要求使用特定州法定的事前指示医疗照护表格。有些州（如加利福尼亚，俄亥俄，德克萨斯和佛蒙特）需要该州法定表格。密歇根需要代理人在事前指示上签名。大多数州要求有两个成年证人在场时签署事前指示，这两个证人可以是与建立档案者的医疗不相关或直接相关的。在不同州有多个居民身份的个人应填写各州的医疗照护事前指示。......

详见附件。

勤勉义务(Duty of Care)，也称注意义务或审慎义务，和忠实义务一并构成公司董事和高管法律义务的两大种类。忠实义务的着重点在于董事行为的目的和做出决策的出发点是否正确，是否是为了公司的利益最大化；勤勉义务的着重点则是董事行为本身和做出决策的过程是否尽职和是否到位。 通俗地说，所谓“勤勉义务”，就是要求董事处理公司事务时能像处理个人事务时那么认真和尽力，或者说董事必须以一个谨慎的人在管理自己的财产时所具有的勤勉程度去管理公司的财产。在美国，有关董事勤勉义务，最常被引用的正式表述有两个。一个是美国《示范公司法修正本》，其表述是，董事在履行职责时必须，1.怀有善意；2.要像一个正常的谨慎之人在类似的处境下应有的谨慎那样去履行职责；3.采用良好的方式，这是他有理由相信符合公司利益的最佳方式。另一个是来自1966年宾西法尼亚州的一个判例：一般的审慎之人在类似情况下处理其个人事务时应尽到的勤勉、注意与技能。 董事的勤勉义务，在大陆法系也被称为“善良管理人的注意义务”、“善管义务”，在英美法系则被称为“注意义务”。董事的勤勉义务是指董事在管理公司事务过程中负有运用自己的知识、经验、技能和勤勉并且使之达到法律所要求的标准的义务。

哥哥 你以为有人这么蛋疼吗？免费给你翻译这么多？