英语16种句型

There is no the most stupid, only the most don t work hard. Life is to know, learning is gained by accumulation. Learn knowledge, knowledge to create life. Successful and lucky tend to those diligent and hard. Take learning as a kind of living habits. 除了学习，我们别无选择。Knowledge like a broad ocean, learning such as voyage sails. 不问一个为什么，什么都学不到。做人在于知道，学习在于积累。今天的努力，明天的实力。没有最笨的，只有最不努力的。A person should be, in the study concerned. Don t ask why, couldn t learn anything. 不与时间竞争，只向效率挑战。Learning to use, what is there against it？努力造就实力，态度决定高度。In addition to learning, we have no other choice. Efforts to create the strength, attitude determines altitude. 挫折是生活对我们的考验，我们应微笑面对。

16种英语时态总结： 时态（Tense）是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式.因此,当我们说时态结构的时候,指的是相应时态下的动词形式. 英语时态分为16种：一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、过去将来时,以及这四者的进行时、完成时和完成进行时. 1. 一般现在时 用法： A) 表示现在发生的动作、情况、状态和特征. B) 习惯用语. C) 经常性、习惯性动作. 例：He always helps others. （他总是帮助别人.） D) 客观事实和普遍真理.尤其要注意,如果前后文不是一般现在时,则无法保持 主句、从句时态一致. E) 表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作,（仅限于某些表示“来、去、动 、停、开始、结束、继续”等的动词 ）可以与表示未来时间的状语搭配使用 .常见的用法是：飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通方式. 例：The next train leaves at 3 o'clock this afternoon. （下一趟火车今天下午3点开车.） How often does this shuttle bus run? （这班车多久一趟?） F) 在时间和条件状语从句里经常用一般现在（有时也用现在完成时）表示将来事 情. 例：When you have finished the report, I will have waited for about 3 hours.（等你完成这份报告的时候,我就已经等了将近3个小时了.） 2. 现在进行时(be doing) 用法：现在正在进行的动作. 3. 现在完成时(have done) 用法： A) 表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成. 例：I bought a new house, but I _________ my old one yet, so at the moment I have two houses. A) didn't sell B) sold C) haven't sold D) would sell 答案是C) haven't sold. B) 表示从过去某时刻开始,持续到现在的动作或情况,并且有可能会继续延续下去.此时经常用延续性动词.时间状语常用since加一个过去的时间点,或for加一段时间,或by加一个现在时间. 例：Great as Newton was, many of his ideas ___________ today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time. A) are to challenge C) have been challenged B) may be challenged D) are challenging 全句的意思是：“虽然牛顿是个伟大的人物,但他的许多见解直到今天还在受到挑战,并且被现代科学家的工作所修正.”challenge是及物动词,在本句中应当是被动语态；其动作延续到今天,所以要用现在完成时态.可见答案是C) have been challenged.A) are to challenge和D) are challenging都是主动语态,不可能是答案.B) may be challenged虽然是被动语态,但意思与全句内容不合,所以不对. C) 表示发生在过去,但对现在仍有影响的动作或情况.通常用点动词,如：arrive, begin, find, give, lose等. 例：John has broken his left leg.（约翰摔断了左腿.） 注意事项 A) 现在完成时是联系过去和现在的纽带.现在完成时和过去时的区别在于：现在完成时强调动作的动态,或受动态的影响,是动态的结果,对现在有影响；过去时只表示过去的某个具体时间里发生的动作,与现在没有联系. 例：He worked in that hospital for 8 years.（他曾经在那家医院工作了8年.这只是讲述一个过去的事实,他现在已经不在那家医院了.） He has worked in that hospital for 8 years.（他已经在那家医院里工作了8年.表示他从过去开始工作,一直工作到现在,现在仍在那家医院工作.） B) 因为含有for加一段时间或since加一个时间点这样的时间状语的完成时,有动态和延续性的特点,所以不能使用终端动词或瞬间动词. 例：My sister has been married for 5 years.（过去分词做表语表示状态,可以延续） My sister has married. Don't disturb her.（终端动词） C) 在"this is the first/ second/ third…… time that……"句型里要求用完成时. 例：This is the second time that the products of our company have been shown in the International Exhibition.（这是我公司产品第二次参加国际展览会.） D) 句型"It is/ has been……since"所使用的两种时态都正确. 例：It is/ has been 10 years since I last saw him.（从我上次见到他以来已经10年了.） E) 在"no sooner than"、"hardly/ scarcely ……when"、"before"、"prior to"等句型中,主句要求完成时. 例：I haven't met that professor prior to today.（以前我从未见过那位教授.） 4. 现在完成进行时(have been doing) 用法：表示某一动作开始于过去某一时间,延续或重复地出现至今,或将继续延续至将来. 例：We have been working on this project for over a month now.（到目前为止,我们一直在处理那个项目,已经花了一个多月时间了.） 注意事项：与现在完成时相比,现在完成进行时更强调：在从过去到现在的时间里,动作或状态一直持续或一直反复出现. 例：1997年6月四级第45题 It seems oil ___________ from this pipe for some time. We'll have to take the machine apart to put it right. A) had leaked B) is leaking C) leaked D) has been leaking 从本题上下文看,这两个句子的意思是：“看来,这个管道漏油已有一段时间了,我们将不得不拆卸机器排除故障.”第二句表示将要采取的措施.第一句动作发生在第二句之前,并且延续到现在为止仍在继续.因此,空格中需用现在完成时或现在完成进行时.D) has been leaking是现在完成进行时,因此是本题的答案.有11%的考生误选了B) is leaking.由于本句有时间状语for some time,表示谓语动作延续,谓语不能用现在进行时,必须用和完成时有关的时态.有些考生误选了C) leaked或A) had leaked.是因为他们没有注意到本题第二句是一般将来时,所以第一句的谓语不能用过去时或过去完成时. 答案补充 5. 一般过去时 用法： A) 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况. B) 表示过去习惯性动作.特别是由would/ used to do表达的句型,本身表示的 就是过去时. 例：The old man would sit on a bench in the quiet park and look at others for hours without doing anything or talking to anybody.（老人过去常常坐在宁静的公园里的一条长椅上,看着其他的人,一坐就是数个小时,什么也不干,也不和任何人交谈.） He used to visit his mother once a week.（他以前总是每周看望一次他的母亲.） C) 有时可代替一般现在时,表达一种婉转、客气、礼貌、商量的语气. 例：I wanted to ask you if I could borrow your car?（我想向您借车用一用,可以吗?） Would you mind my sitting here?（您介意我坐在这里吗?）答案补充未完.请在这个地方去看： OVER.

一、主语---动词----表语在这一句型中,动词是系动词,划线部分为表语.1.Mr.Brown is an engineer.(名词做表语)2.Gradualy he became silent.(形容词做表语)3.She remained standing for a hour.(现在分词做表语)4.The question remained unsolved.(过去分词做表语)5.The machine is out of order.(介词短语做表语)6.The television was on.(副词做表语)7.His plan is to keep the affair secret.(动词不定式做表语)8.My job is repairing cars.(动名词做表语)9.The question is what you want to do.(从句做表语,即：表语从句)注意：在下面的句子中,形容词做表语,在表语的后面常常接不定式结构.I'm happy to meet you.They are willing to help.We are determined to follow his example.二、主语———动词在这一句型中,动词为不及物动词及不及物的动词词组.在有的句子中,不及物动词可以有状语修饰.1.The sun is rising.2.I'll try.3.Did you sleep well?(well做状语,修饰不及物动词sleep)4.The engine broke down.注意：在此句型中,有少数不及物动词表达被动含义,表达主语本身所具有的特性,不用被动语态.1.The book sells wel.2.The window won't shut.3.The pen writes smoothly.4.Cheese cuts easily.三、主语———动词———宾语在此句型中,动词为及物动词,划线部分为宾语.1.Do you know these people(them)?(名词或代词做宾语)2.I can't express myself in English.(反身代词做宾语)3.He smiled a strange smile.(同源宾语)4.We can't afford to pay such a price.(不定式做宾语)5.Would you mind waiting a few minutes?(动名词做宾语)6.I hope that I have said nothing to pain you.(从句做宾语,即：宾语从句)注意：并不是所有的及物动词都可以接上述各种情况做宾语,不同的动词有不同的用法,所以,在学习动词时,一定要掌握其用法.四、主语———动词———宾语———宾语在此句型中,动词可以称作双宾语动词,在英语中,这样的动词并不多,在学习遇时,要牢记.后面的宾语为间接宾语和直接宾语,其中间接宾语在前,一般表人,直接宾语在后,一般表物.这类句型有三种情况.第一种情况,间接宾语可以改为to引导的短语.1.He handed me a letter.He handed a letter to me.2.She gave me her telephone number.She gave her telephone number to me.第二种情况,间接宾语可以改为for引导的短语.3.She sang us a folk song.She sang a folk for us.4.She cooked us a delicious meal.She cooked a delicious meal for us.第三种情况,直接宾语可以由宾语从句充当.5.Tell him I'm out.6.Can you inform me where Miss Green lives?五、主语———动词———宾语———宾语补足语在此句型中的动词,叫做可以跟复合宾语的动词,在英语中,这样的动词也不多.后面的宾语补足语是说明宾语的情况的,宾语和宾语补足语一起被称做复合宾语.这个句式是英语中比较复杂的一个句式,因为复合宾语的构成内容较多.下面句子中划线部分为宾语补足语.1.He found his new job boring.(形容词做宾补)2.The called their daughter Mary.(名词做宾补)3.This placed her in a very difficult position.(介词短语做宾补)4.We went to here house but found her out.(副词做宾补)5.What do you advise me to do?(不定式做宾补)6.We thought him to be an honest man.(tobe做宾补)7.He believed them to have discussed the problem.(不定式的完成式做宾补)8.He believed her to be telling the truth.(不定式的进行式做宾补)9.Did you notice him come in?(不带to的不定式做宾补)10.I saw her chatting with Nancy.(现在分词做宾补)11.He watched the piano carried upstairs.(过去分词做宾补)注意：在这个结构中,可以出现用it做形式上的宾语,把真正的宾语放在宾语补足语的后面.在此结构中,宾语常常是动词不定式或宾语从句.1.He felt it his duty to mention this to her.分析：it是形式宾语,hisduty是宾语补足语,to mention this to her是真正的宾语.2.I think it best that you should stay with us.分析：it是形式宾语,best是宾语补足语,that you should stay with us是真正的宾语.注意：1.习惯用语的使用在英语中,有很多动词习惯用语,在学习的过程中,要注意它们的使用,不必分析单独每个词的使用.例：We are short of money.(be short of中short做表语)She is always making trouble for her friends.(trouble做make的宾语)He has carried out our instructions to the letter.(our instructions做词组carry out的宾语)We are waiting for the rain to stop.(wait for后面的the rain是宾语,to stop是宾语补足语)2.在英语中,大多数动词既可以做及物动词又可以做不及物动词,而且还会有一些固定词组,因此一个动词可以用于几种句型.例：ask①Did you ask the price?(直接接名词做宾语)②She asked them their names.(接双宾语)③I asked James to buy some bread.(接宾语加不定式做宾语补足语)④I asked to speak to Fred.(接不定式做宾语)⑤Didn't you ask him in?(在此句中和副词in连用)⑥He has asked for an interview with the President.(组成固定词组ask for)3.There be句型是一种特殊的句子,真正的主语在后面,含义为“有…”①谓语动词和主语保持一致：There is a television in the sitting room.②有两个或更多的主语时,动词一般和最近的一个保持一致：There are two girls and a boy dancing in the hall.③主语的后面有时有修饰语：There are a lot of difficulties facing us.There were many things to be done(此处也可以使用to do).④谓语动词be可以有时态的变化:There will be a concert in the park tonight.There was little change in him.⑤谓语也可以有不定式构成的复合谓语.There used to be a cinema here.There seems to be something the matter with her.Is there going to be any activity tonight?⑥there be句式变疑问句,把be提前；变翻译疑问句也要借助there.Is there any hope of getting the job?There is nothing wrong with your watch,is there?⑦there be句型中也可以使用诸如：live,follow,come,stand,sit,exist等不及物动词：Once upon a time,there lived a fisherman on the island.There came a knock at the door.At the top of the hill there stands an old temple.⑧用于非谓语的情况下,有时用不定式的复合结构there to be或动名词的复合结构和独立主格结构there being：You wouldn't want there to be another war.(不定式的复合结构)The teacher was satisfied with there being no mistakes in his homework.(动名词的复合结构)There being nothing else to do,we went home.(独立主格结构)