有效成分英文

人参的化学成分复杂，迄今为止，已分离到的人参的化学成分包括皂苷类、挥发油、有机酸及酯、甾醇及其苷、蛋白质、多肽、氨基酸及腐胺、精胺等其它许多含氮化合物、维生素类、微量元素、木质素、黄酮类、糖类、糖蛋白以及其它许多成分〔1〕。其中皂苷类是人参的主要活性成分，现已分离到的人参皂苷有30多种具体：化合物 R1 R2 R3 人参皂苷Rb1 -Glc2-1Glc H -Glc6-1Glc Rb2 -Glc2-1Glc H -Glc6-1Ara(p) Rc -Glc2-1Glc H -Glc6-1Ara(f) Rd(Ⅹ) -Glc2-1Glc H -Glc F2(Ⅴ) -Glc H -Glc gypenosideⅩⅦ -Glc H -Glc6-1Glc ⅩⅤ -Glc H -Glc6-1Ara(p) K物质(Ⅰ) H H -Glc Ⅱ H H -Glc6-1Ara(p) Ⅲ H H -Glc6-1Ara(f) 20(S)-原人参二醇(Ⅹ Ⅱ) H H H 人参皂苷Re H -O-Glc2-1Rha -Glc Rg1 H -O-Glc -Glc Rh1(Ⅷ) H -O-Glc -H F1(Ⅹ Ⅰ) H -OH -Glc 20(S)-原人参三醇(Ⅳ) H -OH H Glc:β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基 Ara(p):α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖基 Ara(f):α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖基 Rha: α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基

Objective: Chinese medicine effective component research is one of the main content of the Chinese medicine foundation research, how to extract effective components efficiently from known or unknown, is the key to Chinese medicine effective component research, also is Chinese traditional medicine development and one of the key technologies in the study of traditional Chinese medicine modernization.Currently the biggest problems in the research of traditional Chinese medicine material basis is the lack of objective and quantitative criteria and quality, therefore, extraction, separation and purification main active ingredients of Chinese medicine, Chinese medicine at present stage is the core of basic research.This thesis work in traditional Chinese medicine licorice as the research object, study the extraction technology of glycyrrhizic acid in glycyrrhiza, looking for a high extraction efficiency, less energy consumption, fast and suitable for industrial production the extraction technology of glycyrrhizic acidMethods: glycyrrhizic acid extraction rate as the index, using the orthogonal experiment method to extraction time, extraction temperature and microwave power on the influence of glycyrrhizic acid extraction yield.Results: according to the orthogonal experiment method and the influence of factors on extraction yield and extract the total time, at the same time, considering that the extraction rate of glycyrrhizic acid as high as possible and to extract the total time as short as possible, in order to improve the production efficiency, save energy, reduce the cost, can choose to use the best condition of extracting glycyrrhizic acid from licorice are as follows: microwave power 667 w, system temperature 50 ℃, the extracting time 40 min.To sum up, microwave assisted extraction of licorice glycyrrhizic acid has many characteristics, such as energy saving, high efficiency, low solvent consumption.

化学品中文名称： 次氯酸钙 化学品英文名称： calcium hypochlorite 中文名称2： 漂白粉 英文名称2： Bleaching powder 技术说明书编码： 515 CAS No.： 7778-54-3 分子式： Ca(ClO)2 分子量： 142.99 有害物成分 CAS No. 次氯酸钙 7778-54-3 在漂白粉的制法还是把氯气通入消石灰，消石灰含水的质量分数要略少于1％，因为极为干燥的消石灰是不跟氯气起反应的。生产漂白粉的反应过程比较复杂，主要反应可以表示如下： 3Ca(OH)2+2Cl2=Ca(ClO)2+CaCl2·Ca(OH)2·H2O+H2O 在较高级的漂白粉中，氯化可按下面的化学方程式进行，反应比较完全。 2CaCl2·Ca(OH)2·H2O+2Cl2+8H2O=Ca(ClO)2+3CaCl2·4H2O 漂白粉是混合物，它的有效成分是Ca(ClO)2。商品漂白粉往往含有Ca(OH)2、CaCl2、Ca(ClO2)2和Cl2等杂质。 次氯酸钙很不稳定，遇水就发生下述反应。 Ca(ClO)2+2H2OCa(OH)2+2HClO 当溶液中碱性增大时，漂白作用进行缓慢。要短时间内收到漂白的效果，必须除去Ca(OH)2，所以工业上使用漂白粉时要加入少量弱酸，如醋酸等，或加入少量的稀盐酸。家庭使用漂白粉不必加酸，因为空气里的二氧化碳溶在水里也起弱酸的作用。 Ca(ClO)2+H2O+CO2=CaCO3↓+2HClO 漂白粉的质量是按它的“有效氯”以及它能在长时期保持有效氯的能力来决定的。有效氯是根据它同盐酸作用时产生的氯气的量来计算的。反应的化学方程式是： Ca(ClO)2+4HCl=2Cl2↑+CaCl2+2H2O Cl2+2HI=2HCl+I2 2Na2S2O3+I2=Na2S4O6+2NaI 反应生成的碘用硫代硫酸钠（Na2S2O3）溶液来滴定，就可以算出有多少氯气产生。有效氯的质量分数是表示漂白粉的氧化能力（漂白作用主要是由氧化反应引起的）的，工业品漂白粉一般含有效氯35％，高的可以达到40％。

人参基础知识1