英语时态课件

搂主现在就完备一下原来的答案一、动词的时态 英语共有16种时态，根据近几年曝光的四、六级考卷分析， 时态测试重点主要有：完成时态——现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时；进行时态——现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、完成进行时；一般时态。 （一）一般时态 1、一般现在时 (1)一般现在时表示没有时限的持久存在的动作或状态或现阶段反复发生的动作或状态，常和副词 usually，often，always sometimes， regularly，near，occasionally，every year, every week 等连用。例如： 1）The moon moves round the earth.. 2）Mr. Smith travels to work by bus every day. （2）在由after，until，before，once，when，even if，in case，as long as，as soon as，the moment 以及 if，unless 等引导的时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，通常用一般现在时代替将来时。例如： 1）I will tell him the news as soon as I see him. 2）I will not go to countryside if it rains tomorrow. （3）某些表示起始的动词，可用一般现在时表示按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作，这类动词有：be，go，come，start，depart，arrive，begin，leave 等。例如： 1）The plane leaves at three sharp. 2）The new teachers arrive tomorrow. （4）在由why，what，where，whoever，who，that，as 等引导的从句中，也常用一般现在时代替将来时。例如： 1）Free tickets will be given to whoever comes first. 2）You’ll probably be in the same train as I am tomorrow. 2．一般过去时 （1）表示过去某一特定时间所发生的、可完成的动作或状态，常与表示确切过去时间的词、短语或从句连用。例如： We went to the pictures last night and saw a very interesting film. （2）表示过去习惯性动作。例如： 1）He always went to class last. 2）I used to do my homework in the library. （注意与be used to doing短语的区别） 3．一般将来时 1）表示将来打算进行或期待发生的动作或状态。例如： I shall graduate next year. 2）几种替代形式： 1）be going to +v在口语中广泛使用，表示准备做或将发生的事情。例如： I’m going to buy a house when we’ve saved enough money. 2）be to +v表示计划安排要做的事，具有“必要”的强制性意义。例如： I am to play tennis this afternoon. 3）be about to +v表示即将发生的事情。例如： He was about to start. 4）be due to +v表示预先确定了的事， 必定发生的事。例如： The train is due to depart in ten minutes. 5）be on the point/verge of +v – ing 强调即将发生的某种事态。例如： The baby was on the point of crying when her mother finally came home. （二）进行时态 1．现在进行时 （1）表示现在正在进行的动作，常与now，right now，at the mother，for the time being，for the present等连用。例如： Don’t disturb her. She is reading a newspaper now. （2）表示现阶段经常发生的动作， 常与always，continually，forever，constantly等连用。例如： My father is forever criticizing me. （3）表示根据计划或安排在最近要进行的事情。具有这种语法功能的动词仅限于过渡性动词。即表示从一个状态或位置转移到另一个状态或位置上去的动词。常用的有：go，come，leave，start，arrive，return等。例如： They are leaving for Hong Kong next month. （4）有些动词不能用进行时，这是一类表示“感觉，感情，存在，从属”等的动词。如：see，hear，smell，taste，feel，notice，look，appear，（表示感觉的词）；hate，love，fear，like，want，wish，prefer，refuse，forgive（表示感情的动词）；be，exist，remain，stay，obtain（表示存在状态的动词）；have，possess，own，contain，belong，consist of，form（表示占有与从属的动词）；understand，know，believe，think，doubt，forget，remember（表示思考理解的动词）。但是如果它们词义改变，便也可用进行时态。例如： 1）Tom looks pale. What’s wrong with him? （look 在此为联系动词，意为“显得，看上去”） 2）Tom is looking for his books. （look 在此为实义动词，意为“寻找”） 2． 过去进行时 过去进行时表示一个过去的动作发生时或发生后，另一个过去的动作正在进行，或表示过去反复的习惯，常与always，continually，constantly等动词连用。例如： 1）We were discussing the matter when the headmaster entered. 2）Whenever I visited him, he was always writing at the desk. 3． 将来进行时 将来进行时主要表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作，或表示要在将来某一时刻开始，并继续下去的动作。常用来表示礼貌的询问、请求等。例如： 1）This time next day they will be sitting in the cinema. 2）What will you be doing at six tomorrow evening? 4． 完成进行时 （现在、过去、将来）完成进行时是（现在、过去、将来）完成时的强调形式，将放在完成时态部分讲述。 （三）完成时态 完成时态通常表示已完成或从事的动作。它可分为： 1． 现在完成时 （1）现在完成时用来表示对目前状况仍有影响的，刚刚完成的动作（常与yet，already，just连用），或者过去某一时刻发生的，持续到现在的情况（常与for，since连用）。例如： 1）I have just finished my homework. 2）Mary has been ill for three days. （2）常与现在完成时连用的时间状语有：since, for, during, over等引导出的短语；副词already, yet, just, ever, now, before, often, lately, recently等；状语词组this week (morning, month, year), so far, up to now, many times, up to the present等。例如： 1）I haven’t been there for five years. 2）So far, she hasn’t enjoyed the summer vacation. 3）There have been a lot of changes since 1978. （3）完成时态可用在下列结构中： This (That, It) is (was) the first (second…) time +定语从句；This (That, It) is (was) the only (last) + n +定语从句；This (That, It) is (was) +形容词最高级+ n +定语从句。如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词通常用现在完成时；如果主句谓语动词是一般过去时，从句谓语动词通常用过去完成时。例如： （1）This is one of the rarest questions that have ever been raised at such a meeting. （2）There was a knock at the door. It was the second time someone had interrupted me that evening. 2． 过去完成时 （1）表示过去某时间前已经发生的动作或情况，这个过去的时间可以用by，before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示；或者表示一个动作在另一个过去动作之前已经完成。例如： 1）We had just had our breakfast when Tom came in. 2）By the end of last year they had turned out 5, 000 bicycles. （2）动词expect, hope, mean, intend, plan, suppose, wish, want, desire等用过去完成时，表示过去的希望、预期、意图或愿望等没有实现。例如： I had meant to take a good holiday this year, but I wasn’t able to get away. 另外两种表示“过去想做而未做的事”的表达方式是： 1）was / were + to have done sth, 例如： We were to have come yesterday, but we couldn’t. 2）intended (expected, hope, meant, planned, supposed, wished, wanted, desired) + to have done sth, 例如： I meant to have told you about it, but I forgot to do so. （3）过去完成时常用于以下固定句型： 1）hardly, scarcely, barely + 过去完成时+ when + 过去时。例如： Hardly had I got on the bus when it started to move. 2）no sooner +过去完成时+ than +过去时。例如： No sooner had I gone out than he came to see me. 3）by (the end of ) +过去时间，主句中谓语动词用过去完成时。例如： The experiment had been finished by 4 o’clock yesterday afternoon. 3． 将来完成时 将来完成时表示在将来某一时刻将完成或在另一个未来的动作发生之前已经完成的动作；也可以用来表示一种猜测。常与将来完成时连用的时间状语有：by (the time / the end of ) + 表示将来时间的短语和句子；before (the end of ) + 表示将来时间的词语或句子；when, after等加上表示将来动作的句子等。例如： 1）By this time tomorrow you will have arrived in Shanghai. 2）I shall have finished this composition before 9 o’clock. 3）When we get on the railway station, the train will probably have left. 4． 完成进行时 完成进行时是完成时的强调形式，有现在完成进行时，过去完成进行时，将来完成进行时。 （1）现在完成进行时表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态一直延续到过去某一时刻。例如： I have been looking for my lost book for three days, but I still haven’t found it. （2）过去完成进行时表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态一直延续到过去某一时刻。例如： It had been raining cats and dogs for over a week and the downpour had caused landslides in many places. （3）将来完成进行时表示在将来某一时刻之前开始的一个动作或状态一直延续到将来某一时刻。例如： By the time you arrive tonight, she will have been typing for hours. （四）时态一致 时态一致是英语四、六级考试的一个重要内容。通常应由主句谓语的时态决定从句的谓语时态。一般原则是： 1、当主句谓语使用现在时或将来时，从句的谓语根据具体情况使用任何时态 He says that he lives in Wuhan. We hope that there will be many people at your party today. “Did you hear that Bill finally sold the house?” “Yes, but I don’t know who bought it.” “There’s a lot of excitement on the street.” “There certainly is. Do you suppose the astronauts have returned?” 2、当主句谓语使用过去时的时候，从句的谓语必须使用过去范围的时态 He said he was writing a novel. The teacher wanted to know when we would finish the experiment. He said his father had been an engineer. 3、当从句是表示没有时间概念的真理时，从句的谓语应使用一般现在时。例如： The teacher told them since light travels faster than sound, lightning appears to go before thunder. 注：在此种情况下，即使主句谓语用了过去式的各种时态，从句谓语也应用一般现在时。 4、从句谓语只能用虚拟语气的情况 利用时态一致原则确定从句动词时态时，还应注意，若主语动词是表示命令、请求、要求、建议、劝告等的动词，从句谓语只能用虚拟语气，不能遵循时态一致原则。例如： We insisted that we do it ourselves. 动词的语态 语态也是动词的一种形式，英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，而被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 1）We use electricity to run machines. （主动语态） 2）Electricity is used to run machines. （被动语态） 1． 不能用于被动语态的动词和短语 （1）在英语中，不及物动词不能用于被动语态，但有些不及物动词（包括短语）容易引起误用。如：appear, belong, belong, die, escape, fall, happen, last, remain, succeed, occur, come true, take place, consist of。 （2）某些表示状态或特征的及物动词，如：become, contain, cost, fit, have, resemble, suit也没有被动语态。 2． 被动语态的时态形式 常用的被动语态有表1 所列的几种时态形式。 表1 时间 一般时 进行时 完成时 现在 am asked am being asked is asked is being asked are asked are being asked 过去 was be asked was being asked were be asked were being asked 将来 shall be asked shall have been asked will be asked will have been asked 过去 should be asked should have been asked 将来 would be asked would have been asked 3． 短语动词的被动语态 短语动词转换为被动语态时，通常被看作是一个动词，后面的介词或副词不能拆开或省略。例如： 1）So far no correct conclusion has arrived at. 2）All the rubbish should be got rid of. 4．“get + -ed分词”的被动语态 “get + -ed分词”结构强调动作的结果，而非动作本身，常用来表示突发性的，出乎意料的偶然事件。例如： The boy got hurt on his way home from work. 另外，“get + -ed分词”还可用于谈论为自己做的事，是主动的行为而不是被动的行为。例如： get dressed（穿衣服） get divorced（离婚） get engaged（订婚） get confused（迷惑不解） get lost（迷路） get washed（洗脸） get married（结婚） 5． 能带两个宾语和复合宾语的动词改为被动语态 （1） 能带两个宾语的动词改为被动语态时，一次只能由一个宾语作主语，另一个宾语被保留下来。例如： 1）We showed the visitors our new products.（主动语态） 2）The visitors were shown our new products.（被动语态） 3）Our new products were shown to the visitors.（被动语态） （2）能带复合宾语的动词改为被动语态时，原来的宾语补足语变为主语补足语。例如： 1）The teacher appointed him League secretary.（主动语态） 2）He was appointed League secretary.（被动语态） 6． 被动语态与系表结构的区别 （1）The novel was well written.（系表结构） （2）The novel was written by Diskens.（被动语态） 7． 少数动词的主动语态有时有被动的意思 例1：The book is selling remarkably well. 例2：The song sounds very beautiful. 能这样用的动词还有read（读起来），clean（擦起来），wash（洗起来），write（写起来）。 例3：My watch needs cleaning. (= My watch needs to be cleaned). 能像need这样用的动词还有：want, require, deserve, do, owe, bind等。 例4：The meat is cooking. 例 5：The book written by the professor is printing.二、不规则动词 在英语当中有一部分动词的过去式变化形式是不规则的，这类动词被称为不规则动词。总数大概不过200多个，但是使用频率很高。主要分成三类： 1》 第一类不规则动词的三种形式同形，如： cost cost cost cut cut cut hurt hurt hurt shut shut shut set set set 注意，有些动词的过去式与过去分词有两中形式，如： bet bet / betted bet / betted wed wed / wedded wed / wedded wet wet / wetted wet / wetted 2》 第二类不规则动词的过去式和过去分词同形，如： bend bent bent bring brought brought catch caught caught hide hid hid / hidden get got got/ gotten(AmE) lead led led 3》 第三类不规则动词的原形、过去式和过去分词都不相同，如： 原形 过去式 过去分词 begin began begun break broke broken forbid forbade forbidden grow grew grown ring rang rung wake woke / waked woken / waked 此外还有少数不规则动词的过去分词与原形相同，如： come came come become became become run ran run附：不规则动词表 不定式(Infinitive) 过去式(Past Tense) 过去分词(Past Participle) abide 居住 abode, abided abode, abided alight 下车 alighted, alit alighted, alit awake 唤醒 awoke awoke, awaked be 是 was, were been bear 忍受 bore borne, born beat 击打 beat beaten become 变成 became become befall 发生 befell befallen beget 引起 begot begotten, begot begin 开始 began begun behold 注意看 beheld beheld bend 鞠躬 bent bent bereave 剥夺 bereaved, bereft bereaved, bereft beseech 乞求 besought, beseeched besought, beseeched beset 围攻 beset beset bespeak 预约 bespoke bespoken, bespoke bespread 铺盖 bespread bespread bestrew 散放 bestrewed bestrewed, bestrewn bestride 跨坐 bestrode bestridden, bestrid, bestrode bet 打赌 bet, betted bet, betted betake 前往 betook betaken bethink 想起 bethought bethought bid 出价 bade, bid bidden, bid bide 忍受 bode, bided bided bind 绑 bound bound bite 咬 bit bitten, bit bleed 流血 bled bled blend 混合 blended, blent blended, blent bless 祝福 blessed, blest blessed, blest blow 吹 blew blown break 断开 broke broken breed 产生 bred bred bring 带来 brought brought broadcast 广播 broadcast, broadcasted broadcast, broadcasted browbeat 严斥 browbeat browbeaten build 建筑 built built burn 燃烧 burnt, burned burnt, burned burst 爆炸 burst burst buy 买 bought bought can 能 could - cast 铸造 cast cast catch 抓住 caught caught chide 责骂 chid, chided chid, chidden, chided choose 选择 chose chosen cleave: 分裂 cleaved, cleft, clove cleaved, cleft 打通 clave cloven cling 粘附 clung clung clothe 穿衣 clothed, clad clothed, clad come 来 came come cost 价值 cost cost creep 爬行 crept crept crow 报晓 crowed, crew crowed cut 切 cut cut dare 敢 dared, durst dared deal 处理 dealt dealt dig 挖洞 dug dug dispread 扩散 dispread dispread do 做 did done draw 画 drew drawn dream 做梦 dreamed, dreamt dreamed, dreamt drink 喝 drank drunk drive 驾车 drove driven dwell 细想 dwelt, dwelled dwelt, dwelled eat 吃 ate eaten fall 落下 fell fallen feed 喂 fed fed feel 感觉 felt felt fight 打架 fought fought find 找寻 found found flee 逃跑 fled fled fling 派出 flung flung fly: 飞 flew flown 逃逸 fled fled 击飞 flied flied forbear 克制 forbore forborne forbid 禁止 forbade, forbad forbidden forecast 预报 forecast, forecasted forecast, forecasted fordo 损毁 fordid fordone forego 居先 forewent foregone foreknow 预知 foreknew foreknown forerun 作先驱 foreran forerun foresee 看穿 foresaw foreseen foreshow 预示 foreshowed foreshown foretell 预言 foretold foretold forget 忘记 forgot forgotten, forgot forgive 原谅 forgave forgiven forsake 抛弃 forsook forsaken forswear 发假誓 forswore forsworn freeze 冷冻 froze frozen gainsay 反驳 gainsaid gainsaid get 得到 got got, gotten gild 镀金 gilded, gilt gilded gird 束缚 girded, girt girded, girt give 给予 gave given go 去 went gone grave 铭记 graved graven, graved grind 磨 ground ground grow 成长 grew grown hamstring 残废 hamstringed, hamstrung hamstringed, hamstrung hang: 挂 hung hung 吊死 hanged hanged have 有 had had hear 听 heard heard heave 力擎 heaved, hove heaved, hove hew 砍劈 hewed hewed, hewn hide 隐藏 hid hidden, hid hit 打 hit hit hold 拿住 held held hurt 伤害 hurt hurt inlay 镶嵌 inlaid inlaid keep 保持 kept kept kneel 下跪 knelt, kneeled knelt, kneeled knit 编结 knitted, knit knitted, knit know 知道 knew known lade 舀水 laded laded, laden lay 放置 laid laid lead 带领 led led lean 倾斜 leaned, leant leaned, leant leap 跳跃 leapt, leaped leapt, leaped learn 学习 learnt, learned learnt, learned leave 离开 left left lend 借出 lent lent let 让 let let lie: 躺下 lay lain 撒谎 lied lied light: 点燃 lit lit 照亮 lighted lighted lose 丢失 lost lost make 做 made made may 可以 might - mean 意思 meant meant meet 见面 met met melt 熔化 melted melted, melten misdeal 处理不当 misdealt misdealt misgive 担忧 misgave misgiven mislay 放错 mislaid mislaid mislead 欺骗 misled misled mistake 弄错 mistook mistaken misunderstand 误会 misunderstood misunderstood mow 割草 mowed mowed, mown must 必须 must - ought 应该 ought - outbid 中标 outbade, outbid outbidden, outbid outbreed 超产 outbred outbred outdo 胜过 outdid outdone outeat 多吃 outate outeaten outfight 击败 outfought outfought outgo 支出 outwent outgone outgrow 生长快 outgrew outgrown outlay 花费 outlaid outlaid outride 冲过 outrode outridden outrun 超越 outran outrun outsell 畅销 outsold outsold outshine 亮过 outshone outshone outshoot 发射 outshot outshot outsit 久坐 outsat outsat outspend 花钱过多 outspent outspent outspread 伸展 outspread outspread outthrow 扔出 outthrew outthrown outthrust 刺穿 outthrust outthrust outwear 用旧 outwore outworn overbear 压抑 overbore overborne overbid 漫天要价 overbid overbidden, overbid overblow 吹过 overblew overblown overbuild 建造过多 overbuilt overbuilt overbuy 买得过贵 overbought overbought overcast 遮蔽 overcast overcast overcome 克服 overcame overcome overdo 做得过分 overdid overdone overdraw 透支 overdrew overdrawn overdrive 超速 overdrove overdriven overeat 吃得太多 overate overeaten overfeed 喂得太多 overfed overfed overfly 飞过 overflew overflown overgrow 过度生长 overgrew overgrown overhang 悬垂 overhung overhung overhear 无意听到 overheard overheard overlade 超载 overladed overladed, overladen overlay 覆盖 overlaid overlaid overleap 跳过 overleapt, overleaped overleapt, overleaped overlie 躺在上面 overlay overlain overpay 付出太多 overpaid overpaid override 藐视 overrode overridden overrun 泛滥 overran overrun oversee 监督 oversaw overseen oversell 卖完 oversold oversold overset 推翻 overset overset oversew 缝合 oversewed oversewed, oversewn overshoot 打过头 overshot overshot oversleep 睡过头 overslept overslept overspend 过度使用 overspent overspent overspread 扩张 overspread overspread overtake 追上 overtook overtaken overthrow 推倒 overthrew overthrown overwind 旋太紧 overwound overwound overwrite 写得冗长 overwrote overwritten partake 参与 partook partaken pay 付出 paid paid precast 预计 precast precast prechoose 预选 prechose prechosen prove 证明 proved proved, proven put 放 put put quit 退出 quitted, quit quitted, quit read 读 read read reave 掠夺 reaved, reft reaved, reft rebuild 重建 rebuilt rebuilt recast 重铸 recast recast reeve 贯穿 rove, reeved rove, reeved relay 转送 relaid relaid rend 撕破 rent rent repay 报答 repaid repaid reset 重设定 reset reset retell 重述 retold retold rid 除去 rid, ridded rid, ridded ride 骑 rode ridden ring 响 rang rung rise 升起 rose risen rive 扯裂 riven riven, rived run 跑 ran run saw 锯 sawed sawn,