机械英语语录

【累死哥哥了，苦劳啊 】FIGURE9.4Reversing two-high roughing mill (American Iron & Steel institute)可逆式二辊粗轧机（美国钢铁协会）FIGURE9.5Operator at console of reversing two-high roughing mil (Courtesy of Bethlehem Steel Corporation)可逆式二辊粗轧机控制台操作（伯利恒钢铁公司提供）FIGURE9.6which can be drilled. 哪些能被钻孔。？heated. or welded without such complications as work hardening.加热。或者焊接，这种方法没有加工硬化的问题。？embrittlement. or cracking. 脆变。或者开裂？【不知所云】Blooms are sometimes further reduced in size to billets mills(Figure 9.8)before being processed into finished products such as bar and rod stock .在被处理成块状、棒状坯这样的制成品之前，大钢坯有时还进一步缩小尺寸以适应钢坯处理设备。Bar and rod (from which wire is made) can be made of either low-carbon steel or higher-carbon and alloy steel.块状、棒状坯（钢丝就是由它们制造的）能被制成低碳钢或者高碳合金钢。As the ingot is carried through the massive rolls the hot, plastic steel is squeezed to a smaller thickness .当方坯通过大型轧制机，热的、可塑的钢被挤压得更薄。The rolls are brought closer together on each pass, causing the ingot to get longer and thinner as it passes between the rolls (Figure9.9).由于轧辊之间距离如此之近，当方坯经过轧辊之间时变得更长更薄。Rolled shapes become quite long and must be cut to standard customer-length (Figure9.10).轧制后的形状变得十分长，必须被剪成标准的定长。Different configurations of the rolling mills include two-high, three-high , four-high, cluster mill, and tandem rolling mill. 不同构造的轧机包括二辊式，三辊式，四辊式，多辊式以及连轧式。The two-high rolling mill can be used for reducing the stock by reverse action; 二辊式轧机通过往复动作缩减坯料。however, because of the large inertia of the rolls it requires a complex mechanism for reversing direction of rotation. 然而，由于巨大的轧机惯性，它需要复杂的机械装置使转动方向可逆转。The three-high rolling mill has the advantage over the two-high mill that the direction of rotation of rolls does not have to be reversed.三辊式轧机相比二辊式的优点是轧机转动方向不必可逆。In one pass, stock is passed between the top two rolls,工作过程是这样的：坯料通过上面的两部轧机，then the stock is lowered and passed between the lower two rolls, after which it is lifted and the operation is repeated (Figure9.9).然后，坯料被降低位置通过更低的两部轧机，当它被再次升起，重复前面的操作。The only disadvantage of this configuration is that it requires an expensive handling system. 这种构造唯一的不足是需要一种昂贵的传动系统。Four-high(Figure9.9 and 9.11) and cluster mills (Figure9.9) use rolls of small diameter to reduce the dimension of the stock, since smaller-diameter rolls require less energy and force for the same effect…….四辊式和多辊式使用更小直径的轧辊以减少坯料尺寸，因为更小直径的轧辊能耗更低。FIGURE9.7Structural steel and rails are rolled from blooms or ingots. 结构钢和钢轨由大钢坯或方坯轧制而成。Standard shapes are produced on mills equipped with grooved rolls.标准形状由装备槽形轧辊的机器生产Wide-flange sections are rolled on mills that have ungrooved horizontal and vertical rolls (American Iron & Steel Institude).宽法兰节由具有非槽形的水平轧辊以及垂直轧辊的轧机轧制（美国钢铁协会）FIGURE9.8Steel billet emerges from 35-in, blooming mill. 来自35英寸初轧机出口的钢坯。The billet has been rolled from an ingot. 钢坯由方坯轧制而成。The product of this mill will eventually be made into bars. 这些产品最终将制成条、块。Dials on the two-stand mill indicate size of billet being rolled.双机架轧机表盘指示正被轧制的钢坯尺寸。Alloy and tool steel ingots are processed in this particular mill (Courtesy of Bethlehem Steel Corporation)合金工具钢方坯由特殊机器设备处理（伯利恒钢铁公司提供）FIGURE9.9Diagrams demonstrating various arrangements of rolls and rolling procedures used in steel mills. 图表所示为各种轧制方式和在钢厂中使用的轧制规程Operation under extreme heat and pressure, rolls must frequently be changed, 由于运行在极端高温和高压下，轧辊必须被经常更换。and a supply of new or new or refinished mill rolls is always maintained from the mill`s own machine shop (American Iron & Steel Insitute)轧辊更新或者表面整修定期由钢厂自己的机械维修厂进行。