导致英语句型

英语常用基本句式和句型结构 【要点归纳】▲ 英语句式绝大多数以S+V(主语+谓语)结构为核心架构。英语是SV型语言。即以S+V(主语+谓语)结构为主干，以谓语动词为核心。▲ 一般来说，一个英语句子若没有谓语动词（实义动词或系动词），这个句子一定是错误的。 ▲ 英语句子的谓语只能由动词来充当，动词在英语句子中如果不充当谓语就必须用非谓语形式（动名词、不定式或分词）。但汉语句子的谓语既可以是动词，也可以是形容词、名词等。如：The prices are stable and the market is flourishing. To study English is not easy.Study English not easy. (×) ▲ 汉语句法的显著特点是“动词连用”，动词不需要形态变化，便可以按时间和动作发生先后顺序和情节发展连续使用几个动词。一个英语句子，除并列谓语的情形外，只能出现一个谓语，否则须用其他手段处理： ★ 变为非谓语形式 ★ 连词连接 ﹛并列连词（并列谓语；并列句）从属连词→引出从句★ 用名词或介词来表示如：I forgot my passport. 或 I forgot to bring my passport.I offered my girlfriend a cup of coffee.I walked around the desk with a book.He came into the classroom, running and singing.▲ 汉语“动词连用”有两类，一类是由一个主语发出的连续几个动作，叫连动式；一类是由谓语的两个动作，前一个动词的宾语是后一个动词的主语，即两个动词不是由一个主语发出的，称作兼语式。请看：一） 连动式英语中没有汉语这种连动式，表达先后关系的几个动词，可用and连接或用分词结构。如： 我打开门走进来。 I open the door and came in. ( Opening the door, I came in.)二） 兼语式如：“他请我到他家来做客。”“我”是“请”的宾语，又是“到他家来做客”的主语。也就是说“我”身兼两职。英语句式表达汉语兼语式有以下几种方式：将兼语式的第二个动词转化为英语的宾语补足语，常用不定式，有时用不带to的不定式，或分词，副词，形容词，名词，介词结构等。对于第一个动词，汉语中常用的动词有“使”、“叫”、“请求”、“让”、“迫使”、“导致”、“要求”、“命令”、“促进”、“鼓励”等，在英语中均有对应的动词（make, ask, beg, have, force, cause, demand, order, help, encourage等）。如：He invited me to dinner in his house.▲ 在SV总句式基础上，根据谓语动词的类型不同，可总结出下五大句型：⑴ 主语+系动词+表语 She seems kind.⑵ 主语+不及物动词 He changed a lot. ⑶ 主语+及物动词+宾语 We love our country. ⑷ 主语+及物动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（物）或 主语+及物动词+直接宾语（物）+to +间接宾语（人） +for+间接宾语（人） He gave me a present. ( He gave a present to me.) ⑸ 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语 I found the book interesting.【注意】 句型⑴中应注意：系动词的分类：“似乎类”：seem, appear, look“感觉类”：feel, look, sound, smell, taste“变成类”：become, go, get, grow, fall, turn“仍然类”：remain, continue, stay, keep 有部分实义动词用作特殊含义时，可用作系动词，如：prove（证明是）表语多选形容词不选副词。系动词一般没有进行时和被动语态。 句型⑵中应注意：该句型可接状语。状语的排列顺序一般为： 地点/方式/目的/原因/时间/（never等频度副置于句中，实义动词前，系动词、情态动词等助动词后）。如： President Nixon came to China by a special plane for an official visit at the invitation of China’s government in 1972after there had been about 40 years of separation between the two governments.句型⑶中应注意： 当宾语为动词时，不是to do形式就是doing形式，英语中只一少部分动词要求接doing形式，其余均接to do形式,还有一些既可接to do形式又可接doing形式，没有什么区别。但有些有区别，应分别记忆。 下列动词常以doing形式为宾语： admit, delay, mind, appreciate, deny, miss, avoid, enjoy, postpone, complete, escape, practice, consider, finish, quit 下列动词可接to do形式和doing形式为宾语： like, begin, intend, love, start, prefer, hate, cease, dislike, continue 下列动词可接to do形式和doing形式,但意义不同： stop, forget, remember, regret, try, mean 句型⑷中应注意： 直接宾语与间接宾语对调时，应加适当的介词： （pay, give, lend, send, show, offer, leave, tell, sell, teach, write, bring, deliver 等）+to ( buy, make, get, choose, order等)+for （ask）+of (play) +on 句型⑸中应注意： 以名词为宾语补足语的动词有“elect, choose, make, appoint”等若补语是指“一个人可以担任的职位”时，便应省略冠词。如：They elected him Present. （他们选他当总统。）比较：He made her a servant. （他雇她为仆人。）以不定式为宾语补足语，如果谓语动是感官动词或使役动词，to应省略，变被动时应补上 to。如： I often see him help others.(He is often seen to help others.)以V-ing或 p.p.为宾语补足语： I found the man stealing the money.He can’t make himself understood.I heard my name called.

61. in 62. frequently 63. on 64. down 65. called 66. had 67. affection 68. that 69. up 70. granted

♣ look 的常用短语：look up … in查找look sb. up and down 上下打量look back to/ upon回顾look upon…as把… 看作look forward to期待look through浏览; 看穿take a new look呈现新面貌♣ fear的常用短语： in fear害怕地(be) in fear of 害怕for fear of/ that担心；生怕♣ concentrate 的常用短语：concentrate on 专心…concentrate one’s mind on 专心于…类似的短语： fix one’s mind upon focus onput one’s heart into focus one’s mind on♣surprise常用短语： in surprise惊讶地to one’s surprise 使某人惊讶的是be surprise at/to do/that对某事感到惊讶♣表示“穿衣”的动作或状态的词和短语1．表示动作的有： pull on put ondress dress sb2. 表示状态的有： wear be in be dressed in have … on♣常见表“喜欢”的短语和单词like care forbe keen on be fond oftake delight in… ♣ trouble的常用短语： have much trouble / no trouble (in) doing 在…有/没有困难take great trouble to do不辞辛劳做某事put sb to the trouble of doing …为难某人做某事make trouble捣乱be in (great) trouble 惹麻烦；处在困境中help sb. out of trouble帮某人摆脱困境♣ end的常用短语： come to an end……结束put an end to 结束……on end竖起, 连续in the end终于; 最后end up (by) doing…以……结束make both ends meet收支相抵♣ 表示“导致”、“由…引起”的短语：1. 导致 cause sth. (to do) result inlead to 2. 由……引起 be caused by result fromgrow out of lie in♣表“全力以赴”的短语：do / try one’s best spare no efforts to dotake great pains to do go all out to do do what somebody can (do) to do do all somebody can (do) to do ♣ direction常用短语： in (the ) direction of….朝……方向under the direction of ...在……的指导下follow the directions照说明去做♣ far常用短语： far from (being)离……要求相差很远far from +(a place)距离某地很远far away遥远so far 到目前为止; 那么远as far as sb. knows/sees据某人所知by far (最高级前,比较级后)起强调作用♣ distance常用短语： in the distance在远处from/ at a distance从远处keep sb. at a distance 于某人保持一定距离It is no distance at all.不远♣ use常用短语： used to do过去曾经、常做be used to doing …习惯于……be used to do被用来做……make good/ full use of充分利用……come into use开始使用……it is no use doing …干……没有用♣“出了什么事”的几种不同表达What’s wrong with….? What’s the matter with…?What’s the trouble with…?What happened (to sb.) ?♣“众所周知”常用表达法：It is known to all that…主语从句，that不能省As is known to all,定语从句，置于句首We all know (that)后接宾语从句Everyone knows (that)后接宾语从句, which is known to all.非限定从句，置于句末♣表“同意某人意见”的常用短语：agree with sb. /what sb. saidagree to sth. approve (of) sth.in favour of sth. be agreeable to sth. be for sth. “不同意” disagree with sb./ what sb. saidobject to sth. disapprove (of) sth.be against sth. ♣ sign的常用短语：sign one’s name签名sign to sb (not) to do sth. 示意某人(不)做某事signs of ………的迹象♣would rather 与 prefer 的区别1．宁愿做……而不做……would rather do A than do Bprefer A to B prefer to do A rather than do B2. would rather 主语 + 过去式，表示“宁愿”eg. I would rather you came tomorrow than today.should prefer sb. to do sth./ should prefer 主语 + 过去式，表示“比较喜欢……”eg. I should prefer you not to go there alone.OR: I should prefer that you did not go there alone.♣trap常用短语 be caught in a trap落入圈套be led into a trap中圈套set a trap to do sth.设圈套……be trapped in sth.被…..所围困♣ grow常用短语in the grow of在….成长中grow up长大; 成长grow rich on靠….. 变富grow into长成……grow out of由…..引起/滋生出♣ make常用短语be made up of =consist of 由……组成make up for弥补be made from/ of由……造成make up编造;组成;化妆be made into制成……make fun of取笑; 嘲弄make a living 谋生supply, provide, offer 的区别：1．表示“向某人提供某物”supply / provide sb. with sth.supply / provide sth. for sb.supply sth. to sb. offer sb. sth. 2. 表示“主动提出做某事”offer to do sth. 3. 表示“倘使”、“假如”provided / providing that= on condition that=only if4. 表示“满足需要”supply / meet a need.♣ supply的常用短语in short supply 缺乏，不足medical/military supply医疗/军用品supplies of…许多♣ lack的常用短语be lacking in sth. 在……不足make up for the lack of 弥补……的不足for/by/from/through lack of…由于…不足,缺乏have no lack of不缺