阿满思密达
小学英语是我们上学后接触的另一门语言。我们应该怎么学习这门语言呢?下面是我为大家整理的关于小学英语知识点最全整理,希望对您有所帮助。欢迎大家阅读参考学习!
小学英语知识点最全整理
第一部分:基础知识
1.字母:26个字母的大小写
2.语音:
元音的发音
五个元音字母:AEIOU
12个单元音: 前元音:[i:] [ɪ] /e/ [æ]
中元音:[ɜ:] [ə]
后元音:[ɑ:] [ɒ] [ɔ:] [u :] [ʊ] [ʌ]
双元音(8个)
Ⅰ.合口双元音(5个)[ai] [ei] [au] [əu] [ɔi]
Ⅱ.集中双元音(3个) [iə][εə][uə]
3.词汇:词汇量,近 反义词
4. 句子 :大小写,标点符号
第二部分:语法知识
一.名词:名词单复数,名词的格
(一)名词单复数
1.一般情况,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
2.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches
3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries
4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives
5.不规则名词复数:
man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice
child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese
不可数名词的复数就是原型: paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea
(二)名词的格
(1) 有生命的东西的名词所有格:
a) 单数后加's 如: Lucy's ruler my father's shirt
b) 以s 结尾的复数名词后加'如: his friends'bags
c) 不以s 结尾的复数后加's children's shoes
l并列名词中,如果把's加在最后一个名词后,表示共有, 如:
Tom and Mike's car 汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车
l要表示所有物不是共有的,应分别在并列名词后加's
Tom’s and Mike’s cars 汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车
(2)表示无生命东西的名词通常用“ of +名词”来表示所有关系:如:
a picture of the classroom a map of China
第三部分:语法知识
二.冠词:不定冠词,定冠词种类:
(1)不定冠词:a / an a unit / an uncle
元音开头的可数名词前用an :
an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock / an actor / an actress / an e-mail / an address / an event / an example / an opera / an houran old man / an interesting book / an exciting sport / an action movie / an art lesson /
(2)定冠词:the the egg the plane
2. 用法:
定冠词的用法:
(1)特指某(些)人或某(些)物: The ruler is on the desk.
(2)复述上文提到的人或物:He has a sweater. The sweater is new.
(3)谈话双方都知道的人或物:The boys aren’t at school.
(4)在序数词前: John’s birthday is February the second.
(5)用于固定词组中: in the morning / afternoon / evening
不用冠词的情况:
(1)专有名词前:China is a big country.
(2)名词前有定语:this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等:This is my baseball.
(3)复数名词表示一类人和事:Monkeys can’t swim. They are teachers.
(4)在节日,日期,月份,季节前:Today is Christmas Day. It’s Sunday.
(5)一日三餐前:We have breakfast at 6:30.
(6)球类 棋类运动前:They often play football after class. He plays chess at home.
_ 但乐器前要用定冠词:I play the guitar very well.
(7)学科名称前:My favorite subject is music.
(8)在称呼或头衔的名词前:This is Mr Li.
(9)固定词组中:at noon at night by bus
第四部分:语法知识
三、代词、形容词、副词
代词:人称代词,物主代词
人称代词物主代词
主格宾格
第一
人称单数I(我)memy(我的)
复数we(我们)usour(我们的)
第二
人称单数you(你)youyour(你的)
复数you(你们)youyour(你们的)
第三
人称单数he(他)himhis(他的)
she(她)herher(她的)
it(它)itits(它的)
复数they(他们/她们/它们)themtheir(他们的/她们的/它们的)
形容词,副词:比较级,最高级
(一)、形容词的比较级
1、形容词比较级在句子中的运用:两个事物或人的比较用比较级,比较级后面一般带有单词than。比较级前面可以用more, a little来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格(口语中可用宾格)。
2.形容词加er的规则:
⑴ 一般在词尾加er ;
⑵ 以字母e 结尾,加r ;
⑶ 以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加er ;
⑷ 以“辅音字母+y”结尾,先把y变i,再加er 。
3.不规则形容词比较级:
good-better, beautiful-more beautiful
(二)副词的比较级
1.形容词与副词的区别(有be用形,有形用be;有动用副,有副用动)
⑴在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后
⑵副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后
2.副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同(不规则变化:well-better, far-farther)
第五部分:语法知识
四、数词:基数词、序数词
(1)1-20
one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen, sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen,twenty
(2)21-99 先说“几十”,再说“几”,中间加连字符。
23→twenty-three,34→thirty-four,45→forty—five,56→fifty-six,67→sixty-seven,78→seventy-eight,89→eighty-nine,91→ninety-one
(3)101—999先说“几百”,再加and,再加末两位数或末位数;
586→five hundred and eighty-six,803→eight hundred and three
(4)l,000以上,先从右往左数,每三位数加一个“,”,第一个“,”前为thousand.第二个“,”前为million,第三个“,”前为billion
1,001→one thousand and one
18,423→eighteen thousand,four hundred and twenty-three
6,260,309→six million two hundred and sixty thousand three hundred and nine
750,000,000,000→seven hundred and fifty billion
序数词
(1)一般在基数词后加th
eg.four→fourth,thirteen→thirteenth
(2)不规则变化
one→first,two→second,three→third,five→fifth,eight→eighth,nine→ninth,twelve—twelfth
(3)以y结尾的十位整数,变y为ie再加th
twenty→twentieth, forty→fortieth, ninety→ninetieth
(4)从二十一后的“几十几”直至“几百几十几”或“几千几百几十几”只将个位的基数词变为序数词。
twenty-first,two hundred and forty-fifth
基数词转为序数词的口诀:
基变序,有规律,词尾加上-th.
一,二,三,特殊记,词尾字母t,d,d.
八去t,九去e, ve要用f替。
ty将y变成i,th前面有个e.
若是碰到几十几,前用基来后用序。
第六部分:语法知识
五、介词:常用介词:in, on, at, behind等
1.at表示时间概念的某一个点。(在某时刻、时间、阶段等)。
at 1:00(dawn,midnight,noon)在一点钟(黎明、午夜、中午)
2.on
1)表示具体日期。
注:(1)关于"在周末"的几种表示法:
at(on)the weekend?在周末---特指
at(on)weekends?在周末---泛指
over the weekend?在整个周末
during the weekend?在周末期间
(2)在 圣诞节 ,应说at Christmas?而不说on Christmas?
2)在(刚……)的时候。
On reaching the city he called up his parents.
一到城里他就给父母打了一个电话。
3.in
1)表示"时段"、"时期",在多数情况下可以和during互换,前者强调对比,后者强调持续。 in(during)1988(December,the 20th century)在一九八八年(十二月、二十世纪)
六、动词:动词的四种时态:
(1)一般现在时:
一般现在时的构成
1.be动词:主语+be(am, is, are)+ 其它 。如: I am a boy. 我是一个男孩。
2. 行为动词:主语+行为动词(+其它)。 如: We study English. 我们 学习英语 。
当主语为第三人称单数(he, she, it)时,要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如:Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。
动词+s的变化规则
1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks
2.以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes
3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:study-studies
(2)一般过去时:
动词过去式详解 动词的过去式的构成规则有:
A、规则动词
① 一般直接在动词的后面加ed:如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited
② 以e结尾的动词直接加d:如 lived , danced , used
③ 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词要改y为i再加ed(此类动词较少)如 study – studied carry – carried worry – worried (注意play、stay不是辅音字母加y,所以不属于此类)
④ 双写最后一个字母(此类动词较少)如 stopped
B、不规则动词(此类词并无规则,须熟记)小学阶段要记住以下动词的原形和过去式:sing – sang , eat – ate ,
see – saw , have – had , do – did , go – went , take – took , buy – bought , get – got , read – read ,fly – flew , am/is – was ,
are – were , say – said , leave – left , swim – swam , tell – told , draw – drew , come – came , lose – lost , find – found , drink – drank , hurt – hurt , feel – felt
(3)一般将来时:
基本结构:
①be going to + do;
②will+ do. be going to = will
I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天). = I will go swimming tomorrow.
(4)现在进行时: am,is,are+动词现在分词
动词现在分词详解 动词的ing形式的构成规则:
① 一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating
② 以e 结尾的动词,要先去e再加ing ,如having , writing
③ 双写最后一个字母的(此类动词极少)有:running , swimming , sitting , getting
第七部分:句法
1.陈述句
(1)肯定句:是指用肯定的语气来陈述的句子,如:I’m a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital.
There are four fans in our classroom. He will eat lunch at 12:00. I watched TV yesterday evening.
(2)、否定句:含有否定词或表示否定意义词的句子,如:I’m not a student. She is not (isn’t) a doctor.
He does not (doesn’t) work in a hospital. There are not (aren’t) four fans in our classroom.
He will not (won’t) eat lunch at 12:00. I did not (didn’t) watch TV yesterday evening.
2. 疑问句
一般疑问句:是指询问事实的句子,此类句子必须用“yes”,或“no”来回答。
特殊疑问句:以特殊疑问词(what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等)开头引导的句子。此类句子应该问什么就答什么,不能用“yes 、no”来回答。
3.There be句型
There be 句型与have, has的区别
1、There be 句型表示:在某地有某物(或人)
2、在there be 句型中,主语是单数,be 动词用is ; 主语是复数,be 动词用are ; 如有几件物品,be 动词根据最_近be 动词的那个名词决定。
3、there be 句型的否定句在be 动词后加not , 一般疑问句把be 动词调到句首。
4、there be句型与have(has) 的区别:there be 表示在某地有某物(或人);have(has) 表示某人拥有某物。
5、some 和any 在there be 句型中的运用:some 用于肯定句, any 用于否定句或疑问句。
6、and 和or 在there be句型中的运用:and 用于肯定句, or 用于否定句或疑问句。
7、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是:
How many + 名词复数 + are there + 介词 短语 ?
How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语?
8、针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是:
What’s + 介词短语?
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馒头笑开了花
小学英语知识点
随着经济的全球化和国际交流的日益增强,提高学生的语言应用能力已经成为各高校外语教师关注的重点。以下是我整理的小学英语知识点,希望大家认真阅读!
1.现在进行时
表示正在发生的事情或进行的动作,常与now,listen,look等词连用,结构是主语+be动词(am,is,are)+动词ing.
如:It is raining now.
外面正在下雨。
It is six o’clock now.
现在6点了。
My parents are reading newspapers in the sitting room.
我父母正在客厅看报纸。
Look!The children are having a running race now.
看!孩子们正在赛跑。
问句将be动词移前,否定句在be动词后+not.
2.一般现在时
表示经常反复发生的事情或动作,常与often,usually,sometimes,always,every day(week year...)on Sundays等词连用。
结构是主语+动词原形;当主语为第三人称单数即he,she,it,Tom,my mother,the boy等词时,动词后加s或es.
如:We have an English lesson every day.
我们每天都要上英语课。
Do the boys run faster than the girls?
Yes,they do.
男孩比女孩跑的快吗?是的。
问句借助于do,does否定句借助于don’t,doesn’t,后面动词一定要还原。
3.一般过去时
表示发生在过去的事情或存在的状态,常与just now;a moment ago;...ago;yesterday;last(week;month;year;Monday;weekend);this morning等词连用。
结构是主语+be动词的过去式(was;were)或主语+动词的'过去式。
注意:be动词与动词过去式不可同时使用。
如:My earphones were on the ground just now.
我的耳机刚刚还在呢。
Where were you do last week?I was at a camp.
你上个星期去哪了?我去野营了。
What did you do yesterday?I visited a farm.
你昨天去干嘛了?我去参观农场了。
问句有be动词将be动词移前,没有be动词借助于did,后面动词还原;
否定句有be动词在后面加not,没有借助于didn’t后面动词还原。
4.一般将来时
表示将要打算发生的事情或动作,常与tomorrow,next week(yesr;Tuesday...),this week(weekend;evening;afternoon;...)today 等词连用。结构是主语+be(am,is,are)going to+动原或主语+will+动原。
如:What are you going to do tomorrow?I am going to have a picnic.
你明天要去干嘛?我要去野餐。
The children are going to have a sports meeting next week.
孩子们下个星期将参加运动会。
Tom will/is going to see a play with his father this evening.
Tom今晚将和父母去看演出。
问句将be动词或will移前;否定句在be动词或will后加not.
5.情态动词
can;can’t;should;shouldn’t;must;may后一定加动词原形。
如:The girl can’t swim,but he can skate.
女孩不会游泳,但是会滑冰。
Don’t talk in class,you should listen to the teacher carefully.
不要在课上说话,你应该认真听老师讲。
6.祈使句
肯定祈使句以动词原形开头;否定祈使句以don’t加动词原形开头。
如:Open the box for me,please.
请为我打开盒子。
Liu Tao!Please get up earlier tomorrow.
刘涛,明天请早点起床!
Don’t walk on the grass!
不要在草地上走!
Helen!Don’t climb the tree,please.
海伦!不要爬树。
7.go的用法
去干嘛用go+动词ing
如:go swimming;
go fishing;
go skating;
go camping;
go running;
go skiing;
go rowing...
8.比较
than前用比较级;as...as之间用原级。
如:My mother is two years younger than my father.
我妈比我爸年轻两岁。
Liu Tao jumps as far as Ben.
刘涛跳得和本一样远。
9.喜欢做某事
用like+动词ing或like+to+动原。
如:Su Yang likes growing flowers.
苏阳喜欢种花。
The chlidren like to play with lanterns at Spring Festival.
孩子们喜欢在春节去玩花灯。
10.想要做某事
用would like+to+动原或want+to+动原。
如:I’d like to visit the History Museum.
=I want to visit the History Museum.
11.some
用于肯定句中,在否定句和问句中改为any,但当表示委婉语气时仍用some.
如:Can I have some writing paper?
Would you like some orange juice?
12.代词
人称代词主格做主语用一般放在句首或动词前,主格分别是I;you;he;she;it;we;they.
宾格做宾语用,一般放在动词或介词后。
如:Open them for me.Let us...,join me等。
宾格分别是me;you;him;her;it;us;them.
形容词性物主代词放在名词前,不能单独使用,分别是my;your;his;her;its;our;their.
名词性物主代词相当于形物加名词,它只能单独使用后面不好加名词,分别是mine;yours;his;hers;its;ours;yours;theirs.
13.介词
介词后要么不加动词,加动词只能加动词ing形式
如:be good at running;
do well in jumping;
14.时间介词
季节前,月份前用介词in
如:in summer;in March
具体的哪一天如星期几,几月几日用介词on
如:on Saturday;on the second of April;on Wednesday morning
在几点钟前用介词at
如:at a quarter to four;
只在上下午晚上用in
如:in the morning/afternoon/evening;
但在夜间用at night
另:季节,月份和星期前不好加the.
15.名词复数构成的方法
有规则的有:
(1)直接在名词后加s
如orange-oranges;photo-photos;
(2)以x,s,sh,ch结尾的加es
如:box-boxes;glass-glasses;
waitress-waitresses;watch-watches;peach-peaches
(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加es
如:study-studies;library-libraries;hobby-hobbies;family-families;
(4)以f,fe结尾的改f,fe为v+es
如:knife-knives;thief-thieves(注:以o结尾的我们学过的只有mango加es,mango-mangoes其余加s)
(5)不规则的有:
man-men;woman-women;people-people;child-children
16.动词第三人称单数的构成
(1)直接在动词后加s
如:run-runs;dance-dances
(2)以s,sh,ch,o结尾的加es
如:do-does;go-goes;wash-washes;catch-catches
(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加es
如:study-studies;carry-carries;
17.现在分词的构成
(1)直接在动词后加ing
如:sing-singing;ski-skiing;
(2)双写词尾加ing
如:swim-swimming;jog-jogging;run-running;
(3)以不发音的e结尾的去e加ing
如:ride-riding;dance-dancing;make-making;
18.规则动词过去式的构成
(1)直接在动词后加ed
如:clean-cleaned;milk-milked;play-played;
(2)以e结尾的直接加d
如:dance-danced;taste-tasted;
(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加ed
如:study-studied;carry-carried;
(4)双写词尾加ed
如:stop-stopped;jog-jogged;
(5)不规则的有:
am,is-was;are-were;do,does-did;have,has-had;go-went;meet-met;sit-sat;see-saw;get-got;tell-told;run-ran;come-came;steal-stole;read-read;
19.形容词副词比较级的构成
规则的:
(1)直接在形容词或副词后加er
如:small-smaller;low-lower;
(2)以e结尾的加r
如:late-later;
(3)双写词尾加er
如:big-bigger;thin-thinner;fat-fatter;
(4)以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加er
如:heavy-heavier;early-earlier;
不规则的有:
good,well-better(最高级为best);many,much-more(最高级为most);far-farther;
20.rain与snow的用法
(1)作为名词意思是雨水和雪是不可数名词
如:There is a lot of rain there in spring.
那儿的春天有很多雨水。
(2)作为动词意思是下雨和下雪,有四种形式分别是:
动词原形rain,snow;
第三人称单数rains,snows;
现在分词raining;snowing;
过去式rained;snowed;
如:Look!It is raining now.
瞧!天正在下雨。
It often rains in Nantong in summer.
南通夏天经常下雨。
It rained yesterday.
昨天下了雨。
It is going to rain tomorrow.
明天要下雨。
(3)形容词为rainy和snowy意思是有雨的和有雪的。
如:It is often rainy here in spring.
这儿的春天经常是有雨的。
If it is rainy tomorrow,I’ll stay at home.
如果明天是有雨的,我将呆在家里。
21.比较级
注意只有同类事物才可进行比较。
如:My eyes are bigger than hers.
Your school bag is heavier than mine.
My computer is nicer than Nancy’s.
My brother is stronger than me.
22.have,has
表示某人有(has用于第三人称单数);
There is/are;
There was/were表示某地存在有
注意There be句型的就近原则
单数或不可数用there is/was;
复数用there are/were.
23.本身就是复数的词
眼镜glasses;耳机earphones;鞋shoes;裤子trousers等词本身是复数。
如:My glasses were on the chair just now.
但如果表示这双,这副,一双的时候用单数。
如:There is a pair of chopsticks on the plate.
This pair of earphones is for you.
24.五个元音字母分别是Aa,Ee,Ii,Oo,Uu;
25.一个的用法
a用于辅音前不是辅音字母前;an用于元音前不是元音字母前。
如:There is an ‘s’,a‘t’,a‘u’,a‘d’,an‘e’,an‘n’,and a‘t’in the word‘student’.
26.时间表示法
有两种:
(1)直接读时钟和分钟。
如:6:10读成six ten;7:30读成seven thirty;8:45读成eight forty-five;
(2)用to和past表示。
在半小时包括半小时以内用几分past几点
如:6:10读成ten past six;7:30读成half past seven;
过了半小时用下一个钟点差几分
如:7:45读成a quarter to eight;9:50读成ten to ten;
27.基数词变序数词的方法
基变序有规律,结尾加上th;一二三特殊
例,结尾字母t、d(即first,second,third);八去t,九去e,ve要用f替(即eigh-eighth;nine-ninth;five-fifth;twelve-twelfth);
ty改y为ie后加th别忘记(即整十数如twenty-twentieth;forty-fortieth);
几十几十位为基个位为序(如第二十一为twenty-first)。
另外强调序数词前一定要加the.
28.日期的表示法
用the+序数词+of+月
如:三月三日the third of March;
12月25日the 25th of December;
29.both表示两者都
如:My parents are both teachers.
all表示三者以上都
如:The students are all very excited.
30.节日的表示法
有day的节日前用on.
没有day的节日前用at.
如:at Christmas;on Christmas Day;at New Year;on New Year’s Day.
31.激动兴奋的
excited表示激动的,兴奋地主语是人;
exciting表示令人激动的,令人兴奋的主语是事情
如:The running race is very exciting,so all the students are very excited.
赛跑非常令人激动,因此所有的学生都很激动。
32.比较
两者比较用比较级,三者以上比较用最高级
如:Who runs faster,the boy or the girl?
The boy does.
谁跑得更快,男孩还是女孩?男孩。
Which season do you like best?
I like autumn best.
你最喜欢哪个季节?我最喜欢秋天。
Which season do you like better,summer or winter?
I like winter better.
你更喜欢哪个季节,夏天还是冬天?我更喜欢冬天。
33.动词还原的用法
前面用了do,does,did,don’t,doesn’t,didn’t后面动词要还原。
如:Did she watch TV last night?
Helen doesn’t like taking photos.
34.到了
到达用get to
但注意到家,到这儿,到那儿不可以加to
如:get home;get here;get there
另外go home;come here;go there也一样。
35.长着和穿着
长着什么用with
如:the girl with big eyes 大眼睛的女孩;
穿着什么用in
如:the man in black穿黑衣服的男人
或:the woman in the white skirt穿白色短裙的妇女
36.让某人做某事
用let sb后加动词原形
如:Let’s water the flowers together.
是该做...的时候了用It’s time for+名词或It’s time to+动原。
帮助某人做某事是help sb with sth
如:帮我学英语是help me with my English
37.树上
外来的东西在树上用in the tree
如:the bird in the tree;
树上长的用on the tree
如:the apples on the tree
38.运动和乐器
球类之前不加the
乐器之前必须加the
如:play the piano;play football
39.一周中的第一天是Sunday;一年中的第一个月是January。
40.get后加比较级表示变得更怎么样
如:get stronger;get longer