论语的英文简介

ConfuciusConfucius (Chinese：孔夫子； pinyin: Kǒng Fūzǐ； Wade-Giles: K'ung-fu-tzu)，lit. “Master Kung，”September 28， 551 BC - 479 BC) was a Chinese thinker and social philosopher， whose teachings and philosophy have deeply influenced Chinese， Korean， Japanese， and Vietnamese thought and life.His philosophy emphasized personal and governmental morality， correctness of social relationships， justice and sincerity. These values gained prominence in China over other doctrines， such as Legalism (法家) or Taoism (道家) during the Han Dynasty(206 BC–220 AD). Confucius' thoughts have been developed into a system of philosophy known as Confucianism (儒家). It was introduced to Europe by the Jesuit Matteo Ricci， who was the first to Latinise the name as “Confucius.”His teachings may be found in the Analects of Confucius (论语)， a collection of “brief aphoristic fragments”， which was compiled many years after his death. Modern historians do not believe that any specific documents can be said to have been written by Confucius，but for nearly 2，000 years he was thought to be the editor or author of all the Five Classics such as the Classic of Rites (editor)， and the Spring and Autumn Annals (春秋) (author).The Analects of Confucius论语In the Analects, Confucius presents himself as a “transmitter who invented nothing”.He put the greatest emphasis on the importance of study，and it is the Chinese character for study (or learning) that opens the text. In this respect， he is seen by Chinese people as the Greatest Master.Far from trying to build a systematic theory of life and society or establish a formalism of rites， he wanted his disciples to think deeply for themselves and relentlessly study the outside world，mostly through the old scriptures and by relating the moral problems of the present to past political events (like the Annals) or past expressions of feelings by common people and reflective members of the elite (preserved in the poems of the Book of Odes).In times of division, chaos， and endless wars between feudal states, he wanted to restore the Mandate of Heaven “天命” that could unify the “world” (i.e. China) and bestow peace and prosperity on the people. Because his vision of personal and social perfections was framed as a revival of the ordered society of earlier times。Confucius is often considered a great proponent of conservatism。 but a closer look at what he proposes often shows that he used (and perhaps twisted) past institutions and rites to push a new political agenda of his own: a revival of a unified royal state， whose rulers would succeed to power on the basis of their moral merit， not their parentage；these would be rulers devoted to their people, reaching for personal and social perfection. Such a ruler would spread his own virtues to the people instead of imposing proper behavior with laws and rules.One of the deepest teachings of Confucius may have been the superiority of personal exemplification over explicit rules of behavior. Because his moral teachings emphasise self-cultivation，emulation of moral exemplars， and the attainment of skilled judgment rather than knowledge of rules， Confucius's ethics may be considered a type of virtue ethics. His teachings rarely rely on reasoned argument， and ethical ideals and methods are conveyed more indirectly， through allusions， innuendo， and even tautology. This is why his teachings need to be examined and put into proper context in order to be understood. A good example is found in this famous anecdote:厩焚。子退朝，曰：“伤人乎？”不问马。When the stables were burnt down, on returning from court， Confucius said，“Was anyone hurt?” He did not ask about the horses.Analects X.11， tr. A. WaleyThe passage conveys the lesson that by not asking about the horses， Confucius demonstrated that a sage values human beings over property; readers of this lesson are led to reflect on whether their response would follow Confucius's， and to pursue ethical self-improvement if it would not. Confucius， an exemplar of human excellence， serves as the ultimate model， rather than a deity or a universally true set of abstract principles. For these reasons, according to many Eastern and Western commentators，Confucius's teaching may be considered a Chinese example of humanism.Perhaps his most famous teaching was the Golden Rule stated in the negative form, often called the silver rule:子贡问曰、有一言、而可以终身行之者乎。子曰、其恕乎、己所 不欲、勿施於人。Adept Kung asked: “Is there any one word that could guide a person throughout life？”The Master replied: “How about 'shu': never impose on others what you would not choose for yourself？”Analects XV.24, tr. David HintonConfucius's teachings were later turned into a very elaborate set of rules and practices by his numerous disciples and followers who organised his teachings into the Analects. In the centuries after his death， Mencius and Xun Zi both composed important teachings elaborating in different ways on the fundamental ideas associated with Confucius. In time， these writings， together with the Analects and other core texts came to constitute the philosophical corpus known in the West as Confucianism. After more than a thousand years， the scholar Zhu Xi created a very different interpretation of Confucianism which is now called Neo-Confucianism， to distinguish it from the ideas expressed in the Analects. Neo-Confucianism held sway in China and Vietnam until the 1800s.以上，希望对你有所帮助。

语》——中国人的《圣经》 两千年中国政治伦理与社会伦理的基石 不把这本书读懂、读通、读透，就不能深刻理解和把握中国几千年的传统文化。 构建中华文明阶梯的重要典籍 影响人类文化的100本书之一 最能代表中国文化的哲学书 著名史学家钱穆所开列的中国人必读书 古有"半部论语治天下"之说，《论语》是孔子及其弟子的言行辑录，被称为中国人的《圣经》。这一本被中国人读了几千年的教科书，包含了中国古代的政治思想与治国之道，是我们了解中国古代社会的一把钥匙。由于《论语》和几千年的中国文化有着血肉联系，历代思想家对《论语》进行了无数的阐释和发挥，所以《论语》所包含的文化价值已大大超出了这本书原初的内涵。 直到近代新文化运动之前，约在两千多年的历史中，《论语》一直是中国人的国学必读之书。该书以语录体的形式，汇聚了孔子关于政治、文化、历史、人生、哲学、宗教等问题的观点，对中华民族的心理素质及道德行为起到过重大影响，它的思想内容早已融入了我们民族的血液，沉潜在我们的生命中，熔铸成我们民族的个性。读《论语》，你会感到在你心中流过的是一条有着几千年历史的文化长河。 读《论语》，有读了后全然无事者；有读了后其中得一两句喜者；有读了后知好之者；有读了后不知手之舞之足之蹈之者。颐自十七八读《论语》，当时已晓文义。读之愈久，但觉意味深长。 --北宋理学家 程颐 孔子学说与《论语》本书的价值，无论在任何时代、任何地区，对它的原文本意，只要不故加曲解，始终具有不可毁的不朽价值，后起之秀，如笃学之、慎思之、明辨之，融会有得而见之于行事之间，必可得到自证。 --国学大师 南怀瑾 《论语》虽然是代表中国封建文化的经典，但作为一个中国人要了解中国文化、中国伦理道德的根源，必须阅读这一本书。它的"仁"学以及对教育的理论，都是全人类的瑰宝。《论语》字句精当，也可当做文学书籍来读。 --当代作家 李 准 我们在现代化的建设中必须重铸我们的民族精神，而铸造民族精神，不能离开中华民族的传统文化。在几千年的中国历史上，没有哪一位思想家、文学家不受《论语》这本书的影响。 --当代作家 叶朗 孔子（前551-前479），中国春秋末期伟大的思想家和教育家，儒家学派的创始人。名丘，字仲尼，鲁国人。孔子生年一般按《史记·孔子世家》所记为鲁襄公二十二年，而生月生日《史记》未记，按《谷梁传》所记“十月庚子孔子 生”。换算为当今之公历应为公元前551年9月8日生。 孔子生在鲁国。鲁国为周公旦之子伯禽封地，对周代文物典籍保存完好，素有“礼乐之邦”之称。鲁襄公二十九年（前544年）吴公子季札观乐于鲁，叹为观止。鲁昭公二年（前540年）晋大夫韩宣子访鲁，观书后赞叹“周礼尽在鲁矣！”鲁国文化传统与当时学术下移的形势对孔子思想的形成有很大影响。 孔子早年丧父，家境衰落。他曾说过：“吾少也贱，故多能鄙事。”年轻时曾做过“委吏”（管理仓廪）与“乘田”（管放牧牛羊）。虽然生活贫苦，孔子十五岁即“志于学”。他善于取法他人，曾说：“三人行，必有吾师焉。择其善者而从之，其不善者而改之。”（《论语·述而》）他学无常师，好学不厌，乡人也赞他“博学”。 孔子“三十而立”，并开始授徒讲学。凡带上一点“束修”的，都收为学生。如颜路、曾点、子路、伯牛、冉有、子贡、颜渊等，是较早的一批弟子。连鲁大夫孟僖子其子孟懿子和南宫敬叔来学礼，可见孔子办学已声名遐迩。私学的创设，打破了“学在官府”的传统，进一步促进了学术文化的下移。 鲁国自宣公以后，政权操在以季氏为首的三桓手中。昭公初年，三家又瓜分了鲁君的兵赋军权。孔了曾对季氏“八佾舞于庭”的僭越行为表示愤慨。昭公二十五年（前517年）鲁国内乱，孔子离鲁至齐。齐景公向孔子问政，孔子说：“君君，臣臣，父父，子子。”又说：“政在节财。”齐政权操在大夫陈氏，景公虽悦孔子言而不能用。 孔子在齐不得志，遂又返鲁，“退而修诗书礼乐，弟子弥众”，从远方来受学的，几乎遍及各诸候国。其时鲁政权操在季氏，而季氏又受制于其家臣阳货。孔子不满这种政不在君而在大夫，“陪臣执国命”的状况，不愿出仕。他说：“不义而富且贵，于我如浮云。” 鲁定公九年（前501年）阳货被逐，孔子才见用于鲁，被任为中都宰，是年孔子五十一岁。“行之一年，四方则之”。遂由中都宰迁司空，再升为大司寇。鲁定公十年（前500年）齐鲁夹谷之会，鲁由孔子相礼。孔子认为“有文事者必有武备，有武事者必有文备”，早有防范，使齐君想用武力劫持鲁君之预谋未能得逞，并运用外交手段收回被齐侵占的郓、灌、龟阴之田。定公十二年（前498年）孔子为加强公室，抑制三桓，援引古制“家不藏甲，邑无百雉之城”提出“堕三都”的计划，并通过任季氏宰的子路去实施。由于孔子利用了三桓与其家臣的矛盾，季孙氏、叔孙氏同意各自毁掉了费邑与后邑。但孟孙氏被家臣公敛处父所煽动而反对堕成邑。定公围之不克。孔子计划受挫。 孔子仕鲁，齐人闻而惧，恐鲁强而并己，乃馈女乐于鲁定公与季桓子。季桓子受齐女乐，三日不听政。孔子政治抑负难以施展，遂带领颜回、子路、子贡、冉求等十余弟子离开“父母之邦”，开始了长达十四年之久的周游列国的颠沛流离生涯。是年孔子已五十五岁。先至卫国，始受卫灵公礼遇，后又受监视，恐获罪，将适于陈。过匡地，被围困五天。解围后原欲过蒲至晋，因晋内乱而未往，只得又返卫。曾见南子，此事引起多方的猜疑。卫灵公怠于政，不用孔子。孔子说：“苟有用我者，期月而已，三年有成。”后卫国内乱，孔子离卫经曹至宋。宋司马桓魁欲杀孔子，孔子微服过宋经郑至陈，是年孔子六十岁。其后孔子往返陈蔡多次，曾“厄于陈蔡之间”。据《史记》记载：因楚昭王来聘孔子，陈、蔡大夫围孔子，致使绝粮七日。解围后孔子至楚，不久楚昭王死。卫出公欲用孔子。孔子答子路问曰，为政必以“正名”为先。返卫后，孔子虽受“养贤”之礼遇，但仍不见用。鲁哀公十一年（前484年）冉有归鲁，率军在郎战胜齐军。季康子派人以币迎孔子。孔子遂归鲁，时孔子年六十八。 孔子归鲁后，鲁人尊以“国老”，初鲁哀公与季康子常以政事相询，但终不被重用。孔子晚年致力于整理文献和继续从事教育。鲁哀公十六年（前479年）孔子卒，葬于鲁城北泗水之上。

这上面有，资料很全。自己去看吧！

论语是记录孔子和他弟子言行的一部书,共20篇,是儒家经典著作之一.