载体构建英文

克隆是英文"clone"或"cloning"的音译，而英文"clone"则起源于希腊文"Klone"，原意是指以幼苗或嫩枝插条，以无性繁殖或营养繁殖的方式培育植物，如扦插和嫁接。在大陆译为“无性繁殖”，在台湾与港澳一般意译为复制，转殖或群殖。 中文也有更加确切的词表达克隆，“无性繁殖”、“无性系化”以及“纯系化”。

2022冬奥会的吉祥物是冰墩墩。

冰墩墩名字中的“冰”象征着纯洁和坚强，这也是冬奥会的特点。“墩墩”的意思是诚实、健康、活泼、可爱，符合熊猫的整体形象，象征着冬奥会运动员强健的体魄、顽强的意志和振奋人心的奥运精神。

冰墩墩整体造型来源于冰雪运动员所带的头盔，面部的彩色装饰来自国家速滑博物馆的冰丝带造型，左手掌的心形图案表达了对五湖四海朋友的欢迎；墩墩象征着诚实、健康、可爱和活泼，象征着本届冬奥会的运动员不仅身体强壮、意志顽强，还能激发奥林匹克精神！

冰墩墩和雪容融不仅生动可爱，还完美融合了中国文化元素、冰雪运动特色以及主办城市特色，表达了中国人民对2022冬奥会和残奥会的热切期待，也是对世界冰雪运动员和冬季运动爱好者的热情邀请！

这个你应该找个专业人士 网上的翻译器是不好的 我以前翻译东西是找的网上的语言陪教老师 按工作量计费 在杰卡网上有 你可以去看看 什么陪同翻译或者语言陪教都行的 希望能帮到你

2.1 the traditional English listening teaching model of conditionalityCollege English teachers and students in not very good communication, just position himself as a knowledge transmitters. Especially in the cultivation of the students' listening ability, only for the student to carry on the hearing test, and ignore the cultivation of the students' listening skills, so that the students can understand the hearing on the paper takes an exam the dialogue, and could not understand very simple colloquial conversation. A student is not in order to apply it. Long before, the students tired of this boring listening teaching, listening learning lack of initiative, therefore can not be effective to improve their listening level.2.2 students lack of basic EnglishStudents itself exists pronunciation intonation, cacoepy, become tune, cause listening obstacles; Influence by the dialect, listening accuracy difference; No word spelling, vocabulary is insufficient; Grammar problems. To English idioms and set phrases master not firm, etc., resulting in the process of listening to capture effective information.2.3 students lack of real English listening environmentCollege students' English learning time is mainly the classroom. After class the students practice English hearing, usually just in order to cope with the examination, but not on the hearing are interested in. Therefore, the students in general only in the classroom to have a learning listening environment, after-school no learning "the original" English conditions. But in class, students only from the multimedia courseware to gain a real "original" English, because the university English teacher said how much English with the expression of mother tongue still habit. In addition, there are many English teachers in the classroom more like to speak Chinese.2.4 the student to the language and culture background, there is lack of sufficient understandingLanguage is the carrier of culture, special culture produce with the distinctive features of the language background, English listening teaching material of this paper has very many is the occidental writing, if students do not understand the English national social system, local conditions and customs, folk custom, people's way of thinking and concept of value, listening to these articles, students can not understand. Chinese and western cultural differences is bigger, because the student of English countries lack of understanding of cultural background knowledge, when being able to hear every words, also has the meaning of misunderstanding. To overcome this hearing impairment, the student is required to learn English national cultural knowledge, living habits, grasp some words of pragmatic rules and associative meaning, this is the key to break through listening.2. The improvement of college students' English listening level of main methods3.1 play good foundation shut, do more heard that reading trainingThe improvement of listening ability must be based on good distinctive ability basis, in the initial stage, the teacher should require students to have solid knowledge of phonetics, play the pure British and American pronunciation tape, lets the student to read, will help the student to the sound recognition ability and pronunciation correction. Reading comprehension and listening comprehension process basic consistent, readers and listeners are equally will rely on a variety of cognitive effect and has the background knowledge, the text or discourse semantic analysis and the meaning construction, etc. Therefore, in the process of students in reading practice and use the cognitive process and judgment process of understanding, and constantly improve and perfect the ability, which will no doubt to listening comprehension produce good effects.3.2 to strengthen the cultural background knowledge teachingIn the listening teaching process, the teacher wants to let students understand the English national background knowledge, familiar with the situation in specific language communication occasions and function, eliminate students in custom differences of listening comprehension obstacles. Students must want to improve English listening level, must have enough language cultural knowledge, through the read remember more, increase language cultural knowledge, to enlarge your vocabulary, Through the see some westerners articles, talk with foreigners, etc., to understand the European and American countries general situation and cross-cultural communication knowledge, etc., language and culture knowledge expanded, hearing level nature will be improved.3.3 to develop excellent psychological quality, to establish self-confidenceTo ensure the effective and successful listening communication process, will have good psychological quality, teachers should give students to create a good listening classroom environment, before class and break put some relaxed sweet music to alleviate the student to the listening course nervousness. When using teaching material can be flexible, take easy - hard to 0 easy steps, to help students to set up the good listening course confidence. At the same time, teachers should make students clear, individual could not understand it doesn't matter, should not perfection, and should grasp the main ideas of the dialogue or the essay.3.4 raises the student good extracurricular listening habits

原先的质粒可看作是一个环 现在环上用限制酶切一刀 将目的基因插入 目的基因两端再用DNA分子连接酶与原先质粒环上的切口的粘性末端连接上 重组质粒就形成了