胖小咪咪
步入初中，很多初中生都感觉到相比较于小学，初中的英语语法难了很多，那么我们应该怎么去学习初中的英语语法呢?下面由我为大家整理的初中英语基础语法，希望大家喜欢!
初中英语基础语法
1、主语
主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般由名词，代词，数词，不定式等充当。He likes watching TV. 他喜欢看电视。
2、谓语
谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。一般可分为两类：
1)，简单谓语
由动词(或短语动词)构成。可以有不同的时态，语态和语气。
We study for the people. 我们为人民学习。
2)，复合谓语：情态动词+不定式
I can speak a little English. 我可以说一点英语。
3、表语
表语是谓语的一部分，它位于系动词如be之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。一般由名词，代词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词短语等充当。
My sister is a nurse. 我姐姐是护士。
4、宾语
宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词之后，能作宾语的有名词，代词，数词，动词不定式等。
We like English. 我们喜欢英语。
有些及物动词可以带两个宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。
He gave me some ink. 他给了我一点墨水。
有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，意思才完整，宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。如：
We make him our monitor. 我们选他当班长。
5、定语
在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。
用作定语的主要是形容词，代词，数词，名词，副词，动词不定式，介词短语等。形容词，代词，数词，名词等作定语时，通常放在被修饰的词前面。
He is a new student. 他是个新生。
但副词，动词不定式，介词短语等作定语时，则放在被修饰的词之后。
The bike in the room is mine 房间里的自行车是我的。
6、状语
修饰动词，形容词，副词以及全句的句子成分，叫做状语。
用作状语的通常是副词，介词短语，不定式和从句等。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。
He lives in London. 他住在伦敦。
7.补语
用来说明宾语或主语所处的状态或正在进行的动作，因为英语中有些动词加宾语后意思仍然不完整，如：make(使...),ask(请)等等。如果我们说：我们使我们的祖国。这不是一句完整的话。应该说：我们使我们的祖国更美丽。这是的“美丽的(beautiful)”为形容词做补语，说明祖国的状态。英语句子为:Wewill make our country more beautiful.作补语的词或词组为：形容词，副词，名词，不定式，-ing形式，数词等。
8.宾补
就是宾语补足语，就是补充说明宾语的。
例：I knowyou are student good at maths .
在这个句子中，good at maths 就是补语。宾语补语也可以是句子，所以这个句子也可以是：
I know you are student who is good at maths
还可以是-ing 形式I see you crossing the street
简单说就是补充和说明主语和宾语的成分.因此,就出现了主语补足语和宾语补足语.上面两位举的例子都不错.只是热雪冰冷的宾补的句子例子不是很恰当哦.他的例子是定语从句啊还有主语补足语可以是表语。
例如:Tomis a student.student是对Tom的解释与说明. 另外,Tom was seen playing on the playground.这个句子中playing是对Tom的解释说明是主补
英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。
英语五种基本句型列式如下：
基本句型一：SV(主+谓)
基本句型二：SVP(主+谓+表)
基本句型三：SVO(主+谓+宾)
基本句型四：SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)
基本句型五：SVOC(主+谓+宾+宾补)
初中英语最重要的100个基础句型
1. want to do sth 想做某事
I want to go to school.
我想去上学。
2. want sb to do sth 想让某人做某事
I want my son to go to school.
我想让我的儿子去上学。
3. be different from 与......不同
The weather in Beijing is different fromthat of Nanjing.
北京的天气和南京的不同。
4. be the same as 与……相同
His trousers are the same as mine.
他的裤子和我的一样。
5. be friendly to sb 对某人友好
Mr. Wang is very friendly to us.
王先生对我们非常友好。
6. welcome to sp 欢迎来到某地
Welcome to China.
欢迎来到中国。
7. What’s the matter withsb/sth?某人/某物出什么毛病了?
What’s the matter withyour watch?
你的手表怎么了?
8. what to do 做什么
We don’t know what to donext.
我们不知道接下来要做什么。
9. let sb do sth 让某人做某事
Let him enter the room.
让他进入房间。
10. let sb not do sth 让某人不做某事
Let him not stand in the rain.
让他不要站在雨中。
11. why don’t you do sth? 你怎么不做某事呢?
Why don’t you play footballwith us?
你怎么不和我们踢足球呢?
12. why not do sth? 怎么不做某事呢?
Why not play football with us?
为什么不和我们踢足球呢?
13. make sb sth 为某人制造某物
My father made me a kite.
我爸爸给我做了一个风筝。
14. make sth for sb 为某人制造某物
My father made a kite for me.
我爸爸给我做了一个风筝。
15. What do you mean by doing sth?你做……是什么意思
What do you mean by doing that?
你做那件事情是什么意思?
16. like doing sth 喜爱做某事
Jim likes swimming.
吉姆喜欢游泳。
17. like to do sth 想去做某事
He doesn’t like to swim now.
他现在不想去游泳。
18. feel like doing sth 想要做某事
I feel like eating bananas.
我想要吃香蕉。
19. would like to do sth 想要做某事
Would you like to go rowing with me?
你想要和我一起去划船吗?
20. would like sb to do sth 想要某人做某事
I’d like you to staywith me tonight.
我想你今晚和我待在一起。
21. make sb do sth 使某人做某事
His brother often makes him stay in thesun.
他哥哥经常让他晒太阳。
22. let sb do sth 让某人做某事
Let me sing a song for you.
让我为你唱支歌吧。
23. have sb do sth 使某人做某事
You shouldn’t have the studentswork so hard.
你不应该让学生这么努力学习。
24. be far from sp 离某地远
His school is far from his home.
他的学校离他家远。
25. be near to sp 离某地近
The hospital is near to the post office.
医院离邮局很近。
26. be good at sth/doing sth 擅长某事/做某事
We are good at English.
我们擅长英语。
They are good at boating.
他们擅长划船。
27. It takes sb some time to do sth 做某事花费某人多长时间
It took me more than a year to learn todraw a beautiful horse in five minutes.
学会在五分钟内画一匹漂亮的马花了我一年多的时间。
28. sb spends some time/money (in )doing sth 某人花一些时间/钱做某事
I spent twenty years(in)writing thenovel.
我花了20年写这部小说。
29. sb spends some time/money on sth 某人花一些时间/钱在某事/物上
Jim spent 1000 yuan on the bike.
吉姆花了1000元买这辆自行车。
30. sth costs sb some money 某物花了某人一些钱
The bike cost Jim 1000 yuan.
这辆行车花了吉姆1000元。
31. sb pays some money for sth 某人为某物付了一些钱
Jim paid 1000 yuan for the bike.
吉姆花了1000元买这辆自行车。
32. begin/start sth with sth 伴随......开始做某事
The started the meeting with a song.
伴随着一首歌，我们开始了会议。
33. be going to do sth 打算做某事
We are going to study in Japan.
我们打算去日本学习。
34. call A B 叫A B
They called the village Gumtree.
他们叫这个村庄桉树。
35. thank sb for sth/doing sth 感谢某人做某事
Thank you for your help/helping me.
感谢你的帮助。
36. What…for? 为什么?
What do you learn English for?
你为什么学英语?
37. How/ what about doing sth?做某事怎么样?
How about going fishing?
去钓鱼怎么样?
38. S +be+ the+最高级+of/in短语
Lucy is the tallest in her class.
露西在她班里是最高的。
39. S + be +比较级+than any other +n
Lucy is taller than any other student inher class.
露西在班里比其他任何一个学生都高。
40. have to do sth 不得不/必须做某事
I have to go home now.
我现在必须要回家了。
41. had better do sth 最好做某事
You’d better studyEnglish hard.
你最好努力学习英语。
42. had better not do sth 最好别做某事
You’d better not stayup.
你最好不要熬夜。
43. help sb to do sth 帮助某人做某事
Lucy often helps Lily to wash her clothes.
露西经常帮助莉莉她的洗衣服。
44. help sb do st 帮助某人做某事
He usually helps me learn English.
他经常帮助我学习英语。
45. help sb with sth 帮助某人做某事
I sometimes help my mother with thehousework.
我有时帮助我的妈妈做家务。
46. make it +时间 把时间定在......
Let’s make it 8：30.
让我们把时间定在8:30吧。
47. take sb to sp 带某人到某地
Mr. Wang will take us to the Summer Palacenext Sunday.
下周日，王先生将带我们去颐和园。
49. have nothing to do (with sb)与某人没有关系
That has nothing to do with me.
那和我没有关系。
50. 主语+ don’t think + 从句 ......认为……不……
I don’t think it will raintomorrow.
我认为明天不会下雨。
51. It’s + adj + for sb todo sth 做某事对某人来说怎么样
It is lucky for you to go to London.
去伦敦对你来说是幸运的。
52. How + adj/adv + 主+ 谓!......多么…...啊!
How beautiful the flower is!
这朵花多么漂亮啊!
53. what + a/an + adj + [c] + 主+ 谓!
What an beautiful flower it is!
它是多么漂亮的一朵花啊!
54. What + adj+ pl/[u] +主+ 谓!
What bad weather it is today!
今天天气多么糟糕啊!
55. find it + adj + to do sth 发现做某事如何
I find it hard to speak English well.
我发现说好英语很难。
56. ask sb for sth 向某人要某物
They often ask me for money.
他们经常向我要钱。
57. need to do sth 需要做某事
You need to study hard.
你需要努力学习。
58. need sth 需要某物
I don’t need your money.
我不需要你的钱。
59. use sth to do sth 用某物来做某事
We use pens to write.
我们用钢笔写字。
60. show sb sth 给某人看某物
Please show me the map.
请给我看看地图。
61. show sth to sb 把某物给某人看
Please show the map to me.
请把地图给我看看。
62. pass sb sth 把某物递给某人
Pass me the cup of tea.
递给我咖啡。
63. pass sth to sb 把某物递给某人
Pass the cup of tea to me.
把咖啡递给我。
64. buy sb sth 为某人买某物
Mother bought me a bike.
妈妈给我买了一辆自行车。
65. buy sth for sb 为某人买某物
Mother bought a bike for me.
妈妈给我买了一辆自行车。
66. give sb sth 把某物给某人
Jim gave me an English dictionary.
吉姆给我一本英语字典。
67. give sth to sb 把某物给某人
Jim gave an English dictionary to me.
吉姆给我一本英语字典。
68. get to sp 达到某地
I got to Beijing on the morning of May 1st.
5月1日早晨我到了北京。
69. arrive at/in sp 达到某地
I arrived in Beijing on the morning of May1st.
5月1日早晨我到了北京。
70. reach sp 达到某地
I reached Beijing on the morning of May1st.
5月1日早晨我到了北京。
71. hope to do sth 希望某人做某事
I hope to see you soon.
我希望不久见到你。
72. there is sth wrong with sth/sb 某物/某人出毛病了
There is something wrong my car.
我的车出了毛病。
73. sth is wrong with……某物出毛病了
Something is wrong with my car.
我的车出了毛病。
74. How do you like sth? 你认为……怎么样
How do you like Beijing?
你认为北京怎么样?
75. What do you think of sth? 你认为……怎么样?
What do you think of Beijing?
你认为北京怎么样?
76. start doing sth 开始做某事
I started learning English in 1983.
我在1983年开始学习英语。
77. start to do sth 开始做某事
I started to watch TV after finishing myhomework.
完成作业后我开始看电视。
78. finish doing sth 完成做某事
I finished cleaning my car just now.
我刚才清洗了我的车。
79. enjoy doing sth 喜欢做某事
They all enjoy living and working in China.
他们都喜欢在中国生活和工作。
80. what else… 别的什么
What else do you want to buy?
你还想买别的什么吗?
81. forget doing sth 忘记做过某事(已做)
I forgot turning off the lights. Look， it is darkin the room.
我忘记关过灯了。看，房间里黑着。
82. forget to do sth 忘了做某事(未做)
I forgot to turn off the lights. Couldyou go back and shut them off?
我忘记关灯了。你能回去关上吗?
83. remember doing sth 记得做过某事(已做)
I remembered returning your money. You areso forgetful.
我记得还给你钱了。你是如此健忘。
84. remember to do sth 记住做某事(未做)
Remember to bring me some moneytomorrow.
记得明天给我带一些钱来。
85. stop to do sth 停下来去做另一件事
He stopped to talk with Mary when sheentered the office.
当玛丽走进办公室时，他停下来和她谈话。
86. stop doing sth 停止正在做的事
The students stopped talking when theteacher came in.
当老师进来的时候，学生们停止了谈论。
87. watch/see/hear sb do sth 观看/看见/听见某人做了某事
I saw you pick an apple just now.
刚才，我看见你捡起了一个苹果。
88. watch/see/hear sb doing sth 观看/看见/听见某人在做某事
I saw you playing basketball with yourclassmates on the playground then.
那时，我看到你正和你的同学们在操场上踢足球。
89. go on doing sth 继续做同一件事
He went on reading after a short rest.
在短暂的休息后，他继续读书。
90. go on to do sth 继续做另一件事
He went on to read after finishing wash thedishes.
在洗完盘子后，他继续阅读。
91. go on with sth 继续某事
He went on with his work after a shortrest.
在短暂的休息后，他继续他的工作。
92. say hello/goodbye to sb 向某人打招呼/告别
I came to say goodbye to you.
我来是和你告别的。
93. be busy doing sth 忙于做某事
They are busy planting trees on the hill.
他们正忙着在山上植树。
94. be interested in sth 对某事感兴趣
We are all interested in English.
我们都对英语感兴趣。
95. tell sb to do sth 让某人做某事
Mother told me to go shopping with her.
妈妈让我和她去购物。
96. ask sb to do sth 请某人做某事
Jim ask me to go rowing with him.
吉姆请我和他去划船。
97. call/ring sb up 给某人打电话
I will call you up tommow.
我明天会给你打电话。
98. be ready to do sth 准备好做某事
We are ready to have lunch.
我们准备好吃午饭。
99. go doing sth 去做某事
Let’s go fishing.
让我们去钓鱼吧。
100. prefer(doing)A to(doing)B 比起(做)B来更喜欢(做)A
Lucy prefers English to French.
比起法语来，我更喜欢英语。
I prefer staying at home to going to thecinema.
比起去看电影来，我更喜欢待在家里。
阿雯雯777
初中英语语法主题教学说课稿
作为一名优秀的教育工作者，通常需要准备好一份说课稿，说课稿有助于顺利而有效地开展教学活动。说课稿要怎么写呢？下面是我为大家收集的初中英语语法主题教学说课稿，仅供参考，大家一起来看看吧。
一、教学目标
学习反意疑问句
二、教学重点
通过教学使学生掌握反意疑问句的基本句型结构和回答。
三、教学难点
1、主句谓语是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引导的宾语从句，就从句部分提问。
2、陈述句部分主语是不定代词everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等，疑问部分常 用复数they，有时也用单数he。
四、教学程序：
初二下学期第十单元安排了学习反意疑问句的教学内容。
一、说教学程序：导入——新知识的学习
说设计这个教学程序的基本思路和根据。就初二学生来说他们学习了以下语法项目：be动词（包括be 动词的过去时）； There be句型 ； 行为动词的一般现在时；行为动词的一般过去时；一般将来时；（包括There be句型的一般将来时）；现在完成时；现在完成进行时；情态动词和祈使句。因此，我在讲授反意疑问句时，仅仅围绕学生学过的.以上语法项目进行反意疑问句的教学并进行反复练习。具体练习作业本（上、下）、典中点中的练习都有，另外，再补充一些总结性的有关反意疑问句的专项练习加以巩固。
二、说练习和作业的设计。
检测训练——总结巩固。通过做作业本（上、下）中的练习、典中点中的练习进行训练，再补充一些总结性的有关反意疑问句的专项练习进行检测加以巩固。
三、说板书设计：
通过课件展示教学内容（以下各项教学内容）
以下分为十一个部分进行讲解。
反意疑问句
反意疑问句是由两部分组成的，前一部分是对事物的陈述（即陈述句），后一部分是简短的提问（即简短疑问句），中间用逗号隔开。如果前一部分用肯定句，后一部分就用否定疑问句；如果前一部分用否定句，后一部分就用肯定疑问句。两部分的人称和时态要一致。其回答是用yes或no来表示。
一、含be(is, are, was, were)动词的反意疑问句
其句型是：句型1:主语+ be+其它，isn’t(aren’t, wasn’t, weren’t)+ 主语?
句型2:主语+ be not+其它，is(are, was, were) + 主语?
① You are from America, aren’t you? Yes, I am. No, I’m not.
② It isn’t very cold today, is it? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t.
③ Tom was away yesterday, wasn’t he? Yes, he was. No, he wasn’t.
④ The Green weren’t at home last night, were they?
Yes, they were. No, they weren’t.
⑤ Mary is reading English now, isn’t she? Yes, she is. No, she isn’t.
⑥ Your parents aren’t going to have a party this Sunday, are they?
Yes, they are. No, they aren’t.
⑦ The girls were singing when the teacher came in, weren’t they?
Yes, they were. No, they weren’t.
注意：There be句型
① There is an old picture on the wall, isn’t there?
Yes, there is. No, there isn’t.
② There aren’t any children in the room, are there?
Yes, there are. No, there aren’t.
③ There wasn’t a telephone call for me, was there?
Yes, there was. No, there wasn’t.
④ There were enough people to pick apples, weren’t there?
Yes, there were. No, there weren’t.
二、行为动词的一般现在时的反意疑问句
其句型是：句型1: 主语+动词原形+其它，don’t I(you, we, they)?
句型2: 主语+ don’t+动词原形+其它，do I(you, we, they)?
句型3: 主语+动词第三人称单数+其它，doesn’t he(she, it)?
句型4: 主语+ doesn’t+动词原形+其它，does he(she, it)?
① You often watch TV in the evening, don’t you? Yes, I do. No, I don’t.
② The students don’t study hard, do they? Yes, they do. No, they don’t.
③ Mary studies Chinese hard, doesn’t she? Yes, she does. No, she doesn’t.
④ The boy doesn’t often go to school by bike, does he?
Yes, he does. No, he doesn’t.
⑤ The first class begins at eight, doesn’t it? Yes, it does. No, it doesn’t.
三、 行为动词的一般过去时的反意疑问句
其句型是：句型1: 主语+动词过去式+其它，didn’t+主语?
句型2: 主语+didn’t+动词原形+其它，did +主语?
① You watched TV last night, didn’t you? Yes, I did. No, I didn’t.
② Jim’s parents didn’t go to Hong Kong last month, did they?
Yes, they did. No, they didn’t.
③ The rain stopped, didn’t it? Yes, it did. No, it didn’t.
④ Mr. Clarke didn’t buy a car, didn’t he? Yes, he did. No, he didn’t.
四、一般将来时的反意疑问句
其句型是：句型1: 主语+will+动词原形+其它，won’t+主语?
句型2: 主语+ won’t +动词原形+其它，will +主语?
① The boys will play games, won’t they? Yes, they will. No, they won’t.
② It won’t stop raining, will it? Yes, it will. No, it won’t.
③ Mr. Smith will visit our school next week, won’t he? Yes, he will. No, he won’t.
注意：There be句型的一般将来时
① There will be a basketball match tomorrow, won’t there?
Yes, there will. No, there won’t.
② There won’t be too much pollution in the future, will there?
Yes, there will. No, there won’t.
五、现在完成时的反意疑问句
其句型是：句型1: 主语+have+动词过去分词+其它，haven’t+主语?
句型2: 主语+ haven’t +动词过去分词+其它，have +主语?
句型3: 主语+has+动词过去分词+其它，hasn’t+主语?
句型4: 主语+ hasn’t +动词过去分词+其它，has +主语?
① You have been to Shanghai before, haven’t you? Yes I have. No, I haven’t.
② You haven’t been to Shanghai before, have you? Yes I have. No, I haven’t.
③ Jack has done his homework, hasn’t he? Yes, he has. No, he hasn’t.
④ Jack hasn’t done his homework, has he? Yes, he has. No, he hasn’t.
六、现在完成进行时的反意疑问句
其句型是：句型1: 主语+have been+动词现在分词+其它，haven’t+主语?
句型2: 主语+ haven’t been +动词现在分词+其它，have +主语?
句型3: 主语+has been +动词现在分词+其它，hasn’t+主语?
句型4: 主语+ hasn’t been +动词现在分词+其它，has +主语?
① You have been skating for five hours, haven’t you? Yes, I have. No, I haven’t.
② You haven’t been skating for five hours, have you? Yes, I have. No, I haven’t.
③ Bob has been collecting kites since 1999, hasn’t he? Yes, he has. No, he hasn’t.
④ Bob hasn’t been collecting kites since 1999, has he? Yes, he has. No, he hasn’t.
七、含有情态动词的反意疑问句
其句型是：句型1: 主语+情态动词+动词原形+其它，情态动词否定形式+主语?
句型2: 主语+情态动词否定形式+动词原形+其它，情态动词+主语?
① You can speak French, can’t you? Yes, I can. No, I can’t.
② They can’t understand me, can they? Yes, they can. No, they can’t.
③ Ann could swim when she was six, couldn’t she? Yes, she could. No, she couldn’t.
④ The students must study hard, mustn’t they? Yes, they must. No, they needn’t.
注意：You must go home now, needn’t you? Yes, I must. No, I needn’t.
八、祈使句用于反意疑问句中
这种类型较特殊，前一部分是祈使句，后一部分是肯定疑问形式。回答也较灵活。
句型1: Let me+动词原形+其它，shall I?
Let me open the door, shall I?
Yes, please. No, thanks.
句型2: Let’s+动词原形+其它，shall we?
Let’s go for a walk, shall we? Good idea! Sorry, I can’t.
Let's go and listen to the music, shall we?
句型3: Let us +动词原形+其它，will you?
Let us have a reat, will you?
Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you ?
句型4: 其它形式的祈使句，will you?
Come into the classroom, will you? OK.
Please be careful, will you?
九、值得注意的是有时英语的谓语动词并不用否定式（即没加上not），
而是用上了“never, little, few, hardly, nothing, nobody”等词，这时该陈述句也属于否定句，因此，反意疑问句的后半部分应用肯定疑问式。
① You have never been to Beijing, have you? Yes, I have. No, I haven’t.
② Mr. Fat has few friends here, does he? Yes, he does. No, he doesn’t.
③ There is little milk in the bottle, is there? Yes, there is. No, there isn’t.
④ He could do nothing, could he? Yes, he could. No, he couldn’t.
十、主句谓语是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引导的宾语从句，就从句部分提问。
I don't think he is bright, is he?
We believe she can do it better, can't she?
十一、 陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等，疑问部分常用复数they，有时也用单数he。
Everyone knows the answer, don't they? (does he?)
Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?)
