小老头and小胖子
初中英语语法的说课稿
“说课”是教学改革中涌现出来的新生事物,是进行教学研究、教学交流和教学探讨的一种新的教学研究形式,也是集体备课的进一步发展,下面就是我整理的初中英语语法说课稿,一起来看一下吧。
一 、 教学目标
学习反意疑问句
二 、 教学重点
通过教学使学生掌握反意疑问句的基本句型结构和回答。
三 、 教学难点
1、主句谓语是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引导的宾语从句,就从句部分提问。
2、陈述句部分主语是不定代词everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等,疑问部分常用复数they,有时也用单数he。
四 、 教学程序如下:
初二下学期第十单元安排了学习反意疑问句的教学内容,
(一)、说教学程序:导入——新知识的学习
说设计这个教学程序的基本思路和根据。就初二学生来说他们学习了以下语法项目:be动词(包括be 动词的.过去时); There be句型 ; 行为动词的一般现在时;行为动词的一般过去时;一般将来时;(包括There be句型的一般将来时);现在完成时;现在完成进行时;情态动词和祈使句。因此,我在讲授反意疑问句时,仅仅围绕学生学过的以上语法项目进行反意疑问句的教学并进行反复练习。具体练习作业本(上、下)、典中点中的练习都有,另外,再补充一些总结性的有关反意疑问句的专项练习加以巩固。
(二)、说练习和作业的设计。
检测训练——总结巩固。通过做作业本(上、下)中的练习、典中点中的练习进行训练,再补充一些总结性的有关反意疑问句的专项练习进行检测加以巩固。
(三)、说板书设计:
通过课件展示教学内容(以下各项教学内容)
以下分为十一个部分进行讲解。
反意疑问句
反意疑问句是由两部分组成的,前一部分是对事物的陈述(即陈述句),后一部分是简短的提问(即简短疑问句),中间用逗号隔开。如果前一部分用肯定句,后一部分就用否定疑问句;如果前一部分用否定句,后一部分就用肯定疑问句。两部分的人称和时态要一致。其回答是用yes或no来表示。
一、含 be(is, are, was, were) 动词的反意疑问句
其句型是:句型1:主语+ be+其它,isn’t(aren’t, wasn’t, weren’t)+ 主语?
句型2:主语+ be not+其它,is(are, was, were) + 主语?
① You are from America, aren’t you? Yes, I am. No, I’m not.
② It isn’t very cold today, is it? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t.
③ Tom was away yesterday, wasn’t he? Yes, he was. No, he wasn’t.
④ The Green weren’t at home last night, were they?
Yes, they were. No, they weren’t.
⑤ Mary is reading English now, isn’t she? Yes, she is. No, she isn’t.
⑥ Your parents aren’t going to have a party this Sunday, are they?
Yes, they are. No, they aren’t.
⑦ The girls were singing when the teacher came in, weren’t they?
Yes, they were. No, they weren’t.
注意 :There be句型
① There is an old picture on the wall, isn’t there?
Yes, there is. No, there isn’t.
② There aren’t any children in the room, are there?
Yes, there are. No, there aren’t.
③ There wasn’t a telephone call for me, was there?
Yes, there was. No, there wasn’t.
④ There were enough people to pick apples, weren’t there?
Yes, there were. No, there weren’t.
二、行为动词的一般现在时的反意疑问句 其句型是:句型1: 主语+动词原形+其它,don’t I(you, we, they)?
句型2: 主语+ don’t+动词原形+其它,do I(you, we, they)?
句型3: 主语+动词第三人称单数+其它,doesn’t he(she, it)?
句型4: 主语+ doesn’t+动词原形+其它,does he(she, it)?
① You often watch TV in the evening, don’t you? Yes, I do. No, I don’t.
② The students don’t study hard, do they? Yes, they do. No, they don’t.
③ Mary studies Chinese hard, doesn’t she? Yes, she does. No, she doesn’t.
④ The boy doesn’t often go to school by bike, does he?
Yes, he does. No, he doesn’t.
⑤ The first class begins at eight, doesn’t it? Yes, it does. No, it doesn’t.
三、 行为动词的一般过去时的反意疑问句 其句型是:句型1: 主语+动词过去式+其它,didn’t+主语?
句型2: 主语+didn’t+动词原形+其它,did +主语?
① You watched TV last night, didn’t you? Yes, I did. No, I didn’t.
② Jim’s parents didn’t go to Hong Kong last month, did they?
Yes, they did. No, they didn’t.
③ The rain stopped, didn’t it? Yes, it did. No, it didn’t.
④ Mr. Clarke didn’t buy a car, didn’t he? Yes, he did. No, he didn’t.
四、一般将来时的反意疑问句
其句型是:句型1: 主语+will+动词原形+其它,won’t+主语?
句型2: 主语+ won’t +动词原形+其它,will +主语?
① The boys will play games, won’t they? Yes, they will. No, they won’t.
② It won’t stop raining, will it? Yes, it will. No, it won’t.
③ Mr. Smith will visit our school next week, won’t he? Yes, he will. No, he won’t.
注意 :There be句型的一般将来时
① There will be a basketball match tomorrow, won’t there?
Yes, there will. No, there won’t.
② There won’t be too much pollution in the future, will there?
Yes, there will. No, there won’t.
五、现在完成时的反意疑问句 其句型是:句型1: 主语+have+动词过去分词+其它,haven’t+主语?
句型2: 主语+ haven’t +动词过去分词+其它,have +主语?
句型3: 主语+has+动词过去分词+其它,hasn’t+主语?
句型4: 主语+ hasn’t +动词过去分词+其它,has +主语?
① You have been to Shanghai before, haven’t you? Yes I have. No, I haven’t.
② You haven’t been to Shanghai before, have you? Yes I have. No, I haven’t.
③ Jack has done his homework, hasn’t he? Yes, he has. No, he hasn’t.
④ Jack hasn’t done his homework, has he? Yes, he has. No, he hasn’t.
六、现在完成进行时的反意疑问句 其句型是:句型1: 主语+have been+动词现在分词+其它,haven’t+主语?
句型2: 主语+ haven’t been +动词现在分词+其它,have +主语?
句型3: 主语+has been +动词现在分词+其它,hasn’t+主语?
句型4: 主语+ hasn’t been +动词现在分词+其它,has +主语?
① You have been skating for five hours, haven’t you? Yes, I have. No, I haven’t.
② You haven’t been skating for five hours, have you? Yes, I have. No, I haven’t.
③ Bob has been collecting kites since 1999, hasn’t he? Yes, he has. No, he hasn’t.
④ Bob hasn’t been collecting kites since 1999, has he? Yes, he has. No, he hasn’t.
七、含有情态动词的反意疑问句
其句型是:句型1: 主语+情态动词+动词原形+其它,情态动词否定形式+主语?
句型2: 主语+情态动词否定形式+动词原形+其它,情态动词+主语?
① You can speak French, can’t you? Yes, I can. No, I can’t.
② They can’t understand me, can they? Yes, they can. No, they can’t.
③ Ann could swim when she was six, couldn’t she? Yes, she could. No, she couldn’t.
④ The students must study hard, mustn’t they? Yes, they must. No, they needn’t.
注意 :You must go home now, needn’t you? Yes, I must. No, I needn’t.
八、祈使句用于反意疑问句中 这种类型较特殊,前一部分是祈使句,后一部分是肯定疑问形式。回答也较灵活。
句型1: Let me+动词原形+其它,shall I?
Let me open the door, shall I?
Yes, please. No, thanks.
句型2: Let’s+动词原形+其它,shall we?
Let’s go for a walk, shall we? Good idea! Sorry, I can’t.
Let's go and listen to the music, shall we?
句型3: Let us +动词原形+其它,will you?
Let us have a reat, will you?
Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you ?
句型4: 其它形式的祈使句,will you?
Come into the classroom, will you? OK.
Please be careful, will you?
九 、 值得注意的是有时英语的谓语动词并不用否定式(即没加上 not ), 而是用上了 “never, little, few, hardly, nothing, nobody” 等词,这时该陈述句也属于否定句,因此,反意疑问句的后半部分应用肯定疑问式。 ① You have never been to Beijing, have you? Yes, I have. No, I haven’t.
② Mr. Fat has few friends here, does he? Yes, he does. No, he doesn’t.
③ There is little milk in the bottle, is there? Yes, there is. No, there isn’t.
④ He could do nothing, could he? Yes, he could. No, he couldn’t.
十、主句谓语是 think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine 等引导的宾语从句,就从句部分提问。
I don't think he is bright, is he?
We believe she can do it better, can't she?
十一、 陈述部分主语是不定代词 everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one 等,疑问部分常用复数 they ,有时也用单数 he 。
Everyone knows the answer, don't they? (does he?)
Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?)
愿无悲喜2015
初中英语语法讲解 初中英语语法--形容词讲解及练习1. 有些表语形容词前不可用very,而要用much,very much等副词,如用much afraid,fast asleep。2. alive也可用定语形容词,常后置。He is the oldest man alive。3. 名词化的形容词用于指人时,应看作是复数,用于指物时,表示整体抽象概念,应看作是单数,谓语动词用单三:The old like a quiet place。The unusual is not always the best。4. 名词化的形容词连在一起使用时可省略冠词:Old and young should hepl each other。5. 当有两个以上的形容词用来修饰一名词时,其顺序如下:限定词(冠词,物主代词,指示代词,不定代词)→数词(序数词,基数词)→表性质、状态的描绘形容词(短语在前,长语在后)→表特征的形容词(大小、长短、形状、新旧、年龄、温度)→表颜色的形容词→表属性的形容词(包括国籍等专有名词)→表材料、质地的形容词→名词性定语(包括名词、动名词)+ 名词:the last four beautiful big new blue Spanish wooden citizen houses6. good的反义词是bad,而well的反义词是ill。7. elder和eldest是用来表示家族关系的长幼顺序,只作定语形容词。而older和oldest是用来表示年龄的比较,以及事物的新旧,既可作定语形容词,也可作表语形容词。8. later和latest指时间的先后,但latter和last指顺序的先后。9. farther和farthest主要反映“距离”或“时间”的比较,表示“较远的”“最远的”。而further和furthest主要指“程度”,表示“进一步的”和“最大限度的”。10. A 两者比较,表示一方高于另一方:比较级+thanB 两者比较,表示同样的程度:as + 原级 +asC 两者比较,表示一方不如另一方:not so(as)+原级+asD 两者比较,表示一方程度浅一些:less + 原级 + thanE 用于三者或三者以上,表示其中一方最…:the + 最高级 + 比较范围11. 某人或某物在与同类相比时,这个“某人或物”应排除在被比者之外,常需用到other,else。12. 比较级前可用MANY,MUCH,FAR,A BIT, A LITTLE, A GREAT DEAL OF, A LOT等词表示程度或差别。13. 同一人或物,比较其两种性质或状态,不管形容词是单音节或多音节,一律用more…than:He is more wise than diligent。14. 特殊用法:比较级+and+比较级(越来越…) When spring comes, it gets warmer and warmer.She is making greater and greater progress. the +比较级,the+比较级(越…,越…) The richer a country is, the better the people’s life will be.国家越富,人民的生活就越好。 all the+比较级(格外…,越发…) The teacher feels all the happier for his diligence.老师因他的勤奋而感到格外高兴。 none the+比较级(毫不,一点也不) She looks none the better for her holiday.她度假后看上去身体一点也没有好转。 no more than=only(仅仅)not more than=at most(最多,不多于) His grandpa’s whole school education added up to no more than two years.他的祖父所受的全部教育加起来不过才两年。There are not more than thirty people in the hall.大厅里最多30人。 no more…than(和…一样不…)not more…than(不像…那样) This book is no more attractive than that one.这本书和那本书一样不吸引人。This book is not more attractive than that one.这本书不像那本书那样吸引人。 no less than=as much as(多达)not less than=at least(至少) She has no less than eight watches.她有8块手表之多。She has not less than eight watches.她至少有8块手表。 no less…than=as…as(和…一样) He is no less clever than you.他和你一样聪明。 不用比较级形容的比较:senior比…大,junior比…小,superior比…好,inferior比…差 She is three years senior to her brother.她比弟弟大3岁。I an inferior to him in mathematics.我的数学不如他。15. already,yet,stillalready一般用于肯定名,也可用于预料能得到肯定回答的疑问句中,表示某事已发生;yet一般用于否定句或疑问句中位于句末,意为“还,已经”;still一般用于肯定句,也可用于疑问句,意为“仍然,还”。I have already read the book./ We haven’t made speeches yet./ Is my skirt dry yet?/ I still hope to get some advice from you on my studies.16. too,also,as well,either前三者意思相近,一般不用于否定句中,否定句中用either。Too常位于名末,也紧接在主语后面;also一般用于肯定句和疑问句中,位于be动词、情态动词、助动词之后,实义动词之前;as well一般位于句末;either也一般位于句末。They grow cotton, too./ He his also interested in computers./ He is a teacher, and a poet as well./ You didn’t go and she didn’t go, either.17. faily,rather,quiteA三者都可以修饰形容词和副词,都有“相当”的意思,但failry词义最弱,quite稍强,rather最强。Fairly一般表示肯定、褒义,rather有时表示否定、贬义。It is fairly cool today. It is rather cold today.B quite和rather可以修饰动词,而fairly不能。 I don’t quite understand what you said./ I rather like the song.18. so,neither,norso可用在“so+助动词+主语”的倒装结构中,表示“也”,位置在助动词前,so的这种用法只能在肯定句里名胜;在否定句中用neither或nor,结构相同,表示“也不”。He has seen the film. So have I .Jim doesn’t like the novel. Neither (Nor) does Linda.19. ago, beforeA “时间段+ago”表示从现在往前推算的“一段时间以前”,而“时间段+before”表示从过去某时刻再往前推算的“一段时间以前”。因此,前者常与一般过去时连用,后者常与过去完成时连用。He bought a violin a week ago. From his letter I knew that he had bought a violin a week beforeB before可表示不确定的过去,而ago则不能: Have you been there before?20. very, much, very muchvery可修饰形容词及副词,不能直接修饰动词,修饰动词时,要用much或very much;much除了修饰动词外,还可修饰形容词或副词的比较级及过去分词;very much也可修饰过去分词:The novel is very good./ This novel is much better than that one. / Her Japanese is improved very much.21. 像afraid, alive, awake, asleep, alone以“a”开头的形容词,一般不能用very修饰。22. deep与deeply都可作副词,但意义不同:deep指的是深浅的“深”,如:dig deep。Deeply的意思是“涂地、深刻地、深厚地”,有引申含义。如:We are deeply moved by his deeds.23. high与highly都可作副词,但意义不同。High指的是高低的“高”,如:jump high;highly的意思是“高度地,高贵地”,有引申含义。如:She is highly praised.24. not是副词,不能直接修饰名词,no是形容词,能位于名词前作定语,有时no=not any。如: I have no brothers=I have no any brothers25. 某人或某物在与同类比较时,某人或某物应排除在被比者之外:Shanghai is larger than any other city in China. Shanghai is larger than any of the other cities in China.26. 用最高级时,主语本身应包括在最高级所指的范围之中。He is the oldest of all the classmates.【名词】1.名词的可数与不可数可数名词指表示的人或事物可以用数来计量,它有单数与复数两种形式。不可数名词指所表示的事物不能用数来计量。物质名词与抽象名词一般无法用数目,来统计,都成为不可数名词。不可数名词前一般不能用冠词a、an来表示数量,没有复数形式。要表示“一个……”这一概念,就须加a piece of这一类短语。要注意许多名词在汉语里看来是可数名词,在英语里却不可数。如:chalk,paper,bread,rice,grass,news等。2.名词的复数(1)规则变化A.一般情况下加-s。B.以s, x, ch, sh, 结尾的加-es。如:bus---buses,box---boxes,watch---watches,brush---brushesC.以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i再加-es。如:city---cities,country---countriesD.以f,fe结尾的,去掉f或fe,变成v再加-es。(2)不规则变化A.元音发生变化。如:man---men,woman---women,foot---feet,tooth---teeth,mouse---miceB.词尾发生变化。如:child---childrenC.单、复数同形。如:fish---fish,Japanese---Japanese,Chinese---Chinese,sheep---sheep3.物质名词(不可数名词)量的表示方法(1)用much,a little,a lot of等表示(2)用容器表示a bowl of rice,a glass of water,a cup of tea,a piece of,orange,two glasses of milk,two pieces of paper4.名词的所有格(1) 名词所有格的构成法 A.单数名词词尾加’ s,复数名词词尾若没有s,也要加’ s。the worker's bike,the Children’ s ball B.表示几个人共有一样东西,只需在最后一个人的名字后加’ s若表示各自所有,则需在各个名字后’ s。如: This is Lucy and Licy’ s room. These are Kate's and jack’ s rooms.C. 如果是通过在词尾加—s构成的复数形式的名词,只加’。如:the students’ books,the girls’ blouses(2)名词+of+名词名词是有生命的,我们就用’s结构来表示所有关系。如果名词所表示的事物是无生命的,我们就要用名词+of+名词的结构来表示所有关系.如:the legs of the desk,the door of the room但在表示名词所有格时,’ s结构也常可转换成of结构。有些表示时间,距离、国家、城市等无生命的东西的名词,也可以加’s来构成所有格.如:ten minutes' walk,today's newspaper【代词】人称代词,物主代词,反身代词类别主格宾格形容词性 物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词第一人称单数I me my mine myself复数 we us our ours ourselves第二人称单数 you you your yours yourself复数 you you your yours yourselves第三人称单数 he him his his himselfshe her her hers herselfit it its its itself复数 they them their theirs themselves1.人称代词 人称代词it的特殊用法:一般it指“它”,但在表示天气、时间、距离等时,用it来代替,此时的it并不译为“它”。当三个人称代词(单数)同时出现时,其先后顺序为you,he,I。而复数一般采用we,you,they顺序。 2.物主代词物主代词的用法:形容词性物主代词后面一定要跟上一个名词。 名词性物主代词可作主语、表语、宾语。3.反身代词 1)反身代词的构成分两种:第一、二人称反身代词在形容词:性物主代词后加上self或selves,第三人称的反身代词在宾格代词后加上self或selves.2)反身代词的用法:一种是作宾语,由主语发出的动作又回到动作者本身。如:I enjoyed myself at the party.另一种是作名词或代词的同位语;用来加强语气。如:I can do it myself.3)初中阶段由反身代词构成的常用词组有:enjoy oneself,help oneself to,learn by oneself,teach oneself,(all)by oneself,leave...by oneself,lose oneself in等,在运用反身代词时,应注意它在数、性别上与哪一个保持一致。试比较:“Help yourselves to some fish,Tom and Mike.”与I can’t leave the girl by herself.指示代词 指示代词的特殊用法:(1)为了避免重复,可用that,those代替前面提到过的名词,但是this,these不可以。(2)this,that有时可代替句子或句子中的一部分。 不定代词主要不定代词的用法:(1)one的用法A. one作为代词可以指人,也可以指物。B. one,ones (one的复数形式) 可用来代替前面出现过的少数名词,以避免重复。C. one的前面可用this,that,the,which等词来修饰。D. 常有a+形容词+one这一形式。it和one的用法区别:it用来指特定的东西,而one则用于替代不特定的东西。(2)some和any的用法区别A. some,any可与单、复数可数名词和不可数名词连用。some一般用于肯定句,any一般用于否定句,疑问句和条件句中。B. some,any与—thing,—body,—one构成的合成词的用法与some,any一样。C.在疑问句中,一般不用some,只有当问句表示一种邀请或者请求,或期待一个肯定的回答时才能用some。D. some在否定句中表示半否定,any表示全否定。E.some用于单数可数名词前,表示“某个”而不是“一些”。(3)other,another的用法数种类单数复数泛指another=an otherother (boys)others特指the otherthe other (boys) the others功能作主语、宾语、定语作定语作主语、宾语A. another=another"另一个”,泛指众多者中的另一个,在原有基础上自然增加的另一个。一般后面接单数名词,前面不能加定冠词。有时another可以用在复数名词前表示“又”“再”,如: I want to have another two cakes.我想再吃两个蛋糕。B.the other表示两个中的另一个,常与one连用。常见形式是“one...the other...”。 C. other+复数名词=others D. the other+复数名词=the others(4) a11、both的用法both表示“两者都……”,而a11表示“三个或三个以上的人或物都……”。a11、both在句中放在be动词,情态动词及助动词之后,放在实义动词之前。(5) each和every的用法A. each用来指两个或两个以上的人或物中的一个。every则指两个以上的人或物中的一个。B. 从含义和语法功能上看,each是“单个”的意思,侧重个体,在句中可作主语、同位语、定语和宾语。而every是“每一个”之意,侧重全体、整体、共性。在句中只能作定语,也就是说它后面必须跟着名词。而由every构成的合成词后面绝不能跟名词。(6)either,neither,both的用法either:指两者中的任意一个。作主语谓语用单数。neither:指两者都不,全否定。作主语谓语用单数。 both:指两者都。作主语谓语用复数。 (7)many和muchmany只能和复数可数名词连用。much只能和不可数名词连用。注意:a lot of/lots of / plenty of=much/manya large/great number of=manya great/good deal of=much(8)few,a few,little,a littlefew,little表示否定含义,“很少”“几乎没有”;a few,a little表示肯定含义,有一些”。few,a few用在可数名词前,little,a little用在不可数名词前。【冠词】1.不定冠词an用在元音读音开头(不是指元音字母)的词前,其余用不定冠词a.2.定冠词的基本用法A.用在重新提到的人或事物前面。B. 指谈话双方都知道的人或事物前面。 C用在单数可数名词前面,表示某一类人或事物。3.定冠词的特殊用法A.用在世界上独一无二的事物或方位名词前。B. 用在序数词、形容词的最高级及only所修饰的名词前。C用在江河、海洋、山脉、湖泊、群岛的名称前面。D.用在由普通名词和另外一些词所构成的专有名词前面。E.用在姓氏的复数形式前面,表示全家人或这一姓的夫妇二人。F.用在乐器名称前。G. 和某些形容词连用,表示某一类人或事物。4.名词前不用冠词的情况A. 在专有名词 (包括人名、地名、节日、月份、季节) 、物质名词和抽象名词前—般不用冠词。但在以Festival组成的民间节日前要加the。B. 表示一类人或事物的复数名词前。C. 名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词或名词所有格修饰时,不用冠词。D. 三餐饭、球类、棋类、游戏名称前一般不用冠词。正在有些词组中,有无冠词含义不同。(sit) at table就餐; sit at the table坐在桌边go to school去上学;go to the school去那所学校;in hospital住院;in the hospital在那个医院里【数词】1.数字的表示三位数数词要在百位和十位(若无十位则和个位)之间加and。1,000以上的数字,从后向前第三位数加一个“,”,第一个“,”前为thousand,第二个“,”前为million,第三个“,”前为billion。2.序数词除了first,second,third外,其余都在基数词尾加-th构成。3.分数分子在前,分母在后,分子用基数词,分母用序数词,当分子大于1小时,分母序数词要变成复数。4.Hundreds(thousands,millions)of……用法。【形容词,副词】形容词1.形容词的位置(1)形容词作定语一般要放在名词前面,但当形容词修饰不定代词something,nothing,anything时要放在所修饰的不定代词之后。如:something important,nothing serious。(2)当形容词带有表示度量的词或词组作定语或表语时,定语或表语要后置。如:We have dug a hole two meters deep.The hole is about two metres deep.2.形容词的比较等级(1) 单音节词和少数双音节词,在词尾加—(e)r,—(e)st来构成比较级和最高级。其他双音节词和多音节词,在前面加more,most来构成比较级和最高级。如:popular———more popular———most popularimportant—more important—most important(2) 不规则变化原级 比较级 最高级good better bestwellbad worse worstillold older oldestelder eldestmany more mostmuchlittle less leastfar farther farthestfurther furthest 3. 形容词比较级的用法形容词比较级通常可分为原级、比较级、最高级三种基本形式,具体而言,它们分别以下列形式出现在句中:它们分别以下列形式出现在句中:(1)as+原级+as(2)比较级+than(3)the+最高级+of (in)... 需注意的原级的用法: (1)否定结构有A..。not as+形容词原级+as B及A...not so +形容词原级+as B两种结构。(2)表示倍数有...times as+形容词原级+as的句型。如:This garden is ten times as large as that one.This room is twice as large as that one.(3)half as+形容词原级+as表示“……的一半”。如:This book is half as thick as that one.需注意的比较级的用法:(1)than后面接代词时,一般要用主格,但在口语中工也可换成me。(2)比较级前还可以用much,even,still,a little来修饰。(3)表示倍数时,试比较Our room is twice as large as theirs. 我们的房间是他们的两倍那样大。 Our room is twice larger than theirs. 我们的房间比他们的大两倍。(4) I’ m two years older than you. 我比你大两岁。(5)“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。如: He becomes fatter and fatter.(6)"The+比较级…,the+比较级”表示“越……,越……”。如:The busier he is,the happier he feels.他越忙就越高兴。 需注意的最高级的用法:(1)常见结构有:“of+复数意义的词”表示“在……之中的”,“在……中”;“in+范围、场所”表示“在……之中”。如:He is the tallest“all the boys”.China is the greatest in the world.副词1.副词比较级的构成(1) 单音节副词和个别双音节副词通过加-er,-est来构成比较级和最高级。(2) 绝大多数副词借助more,most来构成比较级和最高级。(3) 少数副词的不规则变化:原级 比较级 最高级well better bestbadly worse worstmuch more mostlittle less leastfar farther farthestfarthest furthestlate later latest(4) 副词的最高级前面可以不加定冠词the。(5) 常用句型有like A better than B和like A(the)best of(in)…其余变化和形容词类似。2.常见副词用法(1) too, eitherToo 一般用于肯定句,常放在句末,否定句时用either。(2) ago,beforeago 以现在为起点,和动词的过去时连用。before以过去某个时间为起点,常和过去完成时连用。当before前没有“一段时间”而单独使用时,泛指“以前”,常和完成时连用。如:I have heard the man before。我以前听说过那个人。初中英语语法讲解【介词】一些容易混淆的介词1.表示时间的at、on、in的用法区别at主要表示: (1)在某具体时刻之前,如at seven o’ clock,at 7:30。 (2)在固定短语中,如:at noon,at night,at that time,at the age of at the weekend,at Christmas。 On用来表示“在……天”,如:On Monday,On May lst,On Children’s Day。in用来表示: (1)在某年、某月、某季节。 (2)在—段时间之后,如:in two hours,in a few days。 注意:在纯粹地表示在上午/下午/晚上时,用in the morning/afternoon/evening,但在某一天的上午、下午、晚上前要用介词on。如:on Monday morning,on the morning of Children’ s Day。2. 表示地点的at,in,on的用法区别(1) at通常指小地方,in一般指大地方。(2) at 所指范围不太明确,in指“在……里”。(3) in指在内部,on指“在……之上”。3.表示“一段时间”的for与since的用法区别 for后面接时间段,since之后接时间点。4.表示时间的before与by的用法区别 before与by都可表示“在……之前”,但by含有“不迟于……”、“到……为止”的意思。如果by后是将来的时间,则与将来时连用,若by后是过去的时间,则与过去完成时连用。 5.over与above(under与below)over,above都表示“在……的上面”,over表示“正上方”,而above只表示“在上方”但不一定在“正上方”。above还可表示温度、水位等“高于”,over还可表示“越过……”。over的反义词是under,above的反义词是below.例如: There is a bridge over the riverOur plane flew above the clouds.6.表示“用”的with,by,in的用法with多指用工具,用身体的部位或器官;by表示使用的方法、手段;in指使用某种语言。如:We see with our eyes.We go there by bike.Please say it out in English.He cut it open with a knife.介词的省略表示时间介词at, on, in 的省略(1) 在 next, last, this, these, today, yesterday, tomorrow, one, every, each, all等词前,一般不用 at, in, on.(2) 在某些名词词组前,可以省略(也可不省)如: (on) that day, (in)the year before last常见搭配1.动词+介词,如:listen to, laugh at, write to, hear from, get to, look at, shout at, shout to, knock at, look for, look at, ask for, wait for, get on, get to, put on, turn on, operate on, take off, turn off, learn from, worry about ... 2.形容词+介词,如:afraid of, full of, angry with, strict with, busy with, good at, good/bad for, late for, sorry for, ready for, famous for, polite to, far from... 3.名词+介词 / 介词+名词key to, visit to, at home, in surprise, after class, for ever, on time, at last, at first, for example...
君君如冰
过去进行时:was/were doing... We were having classes at 2:00p.m..现在完成时:have done... I have already writen the novel.过去完成时:had done... She had finished it 2 hours ago.被动语态:be done... The 2008 Oympic Games will be held in Beijing,China. 定语从局句: The boy who is reading a story book is my cousin.