全全英英
作为一个英语专业研究生，我常在英语新闻中看到urgent和emergent这两个词，这两个词都可以用来表示"紧急的"意思，但是在具体含义和用法上有区别，具体如下：
一：含义解释
urgent 英 [ˈɜːdʒənt] 美 [ˈɜːrdʒənt] adj. 紧急的;迫切的;紧迫的;催促的;急切的
emergent 英 [iˈmɜːdʒənt] 美 [iˈmɜːrdʒənt] adj. 紧急的，突然出现的; 自然发生的
相同点：都表示"紧急的"
不同点：urgent则强调的是重要性。emergent强调的是某个意外的突发状况，会危及到生命、健康、安全..等。
二：用法区分
1.emergent 紧急的 名词为：emergency（紧急事故）。
emergent 强调某个「立即性的」、「意外的」威胁或突发状况，例如健康、生命、财产等。通常指「现在」会受到的立即威胁，所以需要立即处理。
例：He is bleeding. Please call the doctor, it’s emergent! 他正在流血，请叫医生，它很紧急！
2. urgent 紧急的
urgent 强调某个「紧急重要的」事情。通常指「未来」会遇到的威胁，所以需要现在处理。
例：I need to get this things done, it’s urgent! 我需要把这事做完，它很紧急！
三：典型例句
1、urgent
——She had a more urgent errand.
她有一个更加紧急的差事要办。
——I suggest that you attend to the most urgent matters and let the rest wait.
我建议你先去处理最紧急的事情，别的事可以等一等。
——The money could be better spent on more urgent cases.
这笔钱用于较紧迫的事情也许会好些。
2、emergent
——They shared control with the emergent system itself.
他们和突变的系统本身共享控制权。
——The synchronous activation of the few thousand oxytocin producing neurons is an example of "emergent" process.
数千的催产素生产神经元的同步激活是“突然发生”过程的一个例子。
——The controlling system improves the machining efficiency and can deal with the emergent factors successfully in the tapping process.
所设计的控制系统，提高了加工效率和对攻丝过程中突发因素的处理能力。
薇枫1988
我会针对你的每一个句子进行讲解，然后附上自己的翻译。Our country is one of the few countries in the world that are most severely affected by disasters and emergencies which cause an average of nearly 1.3 million deaths and a direct economic loss of 1/4 to 1/6 of the state revenue every year. 你所用的是定语从句，“that”应该是“those” 因为其后跟的是“are”。13万，应该是130 thousand，如果1.3 million，那是130万。说数字的范围，一般情况下应该是小的在前大的在后。China, as one of the few countries in the world most severely suffered from a variety of catastrophes and emergencies, lost nearly 130 thousand people in average every year and a direct economic loss as high as 1/6 to 1/4 of the state revenue each year. Moreover, with the economic development and increased human activities, the loss is growing at a faster rate and has reached hundreds of billion yuan each year after 2000, which caused huge damage to people’s lives and had a serious impact on our country’s sustainable development.这里的“loss”从后文看，不单指经济损失，所以不能两句连着翻译。现在完成时态中，since 什么时候，是固定用法。人们的“生命”“财产”，是两个事物，要分开来翻译。Moreover, with the developement of the social ecomony and inceasement of human activities, the loss caused by catastrophes and emergencies has been rising at a faster speed. The economic loss has reached hundreds of billions yuan each year since 2001. People also suffered seriously from life and property losses. It turned out to be a huge obstable for China's sustainable development. Unfortunately, as the national emergency rescue system is not perfected and the gap between our rescue techniques and equipment and the world average is yet to reduce, our emergency rescue is sometimes not enough timely, scientific or cost-effective.Unfortunately，原文中没有，可以用也可以不用。不完善，我觉得用unsufficient更合适一些，世界平均水平是我国的一种说法，有哪个人或者组织能说出这救援和技术和装备的世界平均水平是个什么样？我觉得你直接跟人家外国比就行了。不... 不... 不...，不要只是形容词前面加not，这些表示否定的词，英语里都有的。Due to unsufficient emergency rescue system and the techniques and equitment gap between us and foreign counterparts, some rescues were carried out ineffective and unscientific with geart cost but poor result. The problems left unsolved also would led to social unstability.The government had to take the responsibility of not only facing the blames and inquiries from the victims and their family, but also bearing international pressure.你的翻译实际上偏离了原文的意思，“善后的责任”不能等同于责难和压力。The government was the one left to deal with the problems, facing the blames and queries from the victims and their families as well as the pressure from the international community. 读读你的句子，就会发现，你是把原文中的句子，只要是句号以前的，都挤到了一个句子中，不管是用定语从句还是介词短语，都舍不得分成独立的句子来翻译。这是英汉汉英翻译时的通病，都认为自己能够用这么多的语法结构把一个长句子翻译成一个整句，很牛，很地道。岂不知在科学翻译中，这是不可取的，要是文学翻译的话，还有情可原。
