钢筋锈蚀英文

钢筋混凝土结构的裂缝按产生原因可以分为以下三类：1。由荷载效应引起的裂缝：比如弯矩，剪力，扭矩，拉力等；2。由外加变形或约束变形引起的裂缝：比如，地基不均匀沉降，混凝土的收缩等引起的。3。钢筋锈蚀裂缝，这个主要是由于钢筋被氯盐腐蚀，而锈蚀产物体积比钢筋原来的体积大，从而出现钢筋体积增大的情况，导致外面覆盖的混凝土收到额外的拉应力的作用（一般而言，拉应力较大）。从而引起混凝土的开裂

rebar指钢筋混凝土用和预应力钢筋混凝土用钢材

一、刚劲混凝土构件中裂缝的种类及其原因：钢筋混凝土结构的裂缝按产生原因可以分为以下三类：1。由荷载效应引起的裂缝：比如弯矩，剪力，扭矩，拉力等；2。由外加变形或约束变形引起的裂缝：比如，地基不均匀沉降，混凝土的收缩等引起的。3。钢筋锈蚀裂缝，这个主要是由于钢筋被氯盐腐蚀，而锈蚀产物体积比钢筋原来的体积大，从而出现钢筋体积增大的情况，导致外面覆盖的混凝土收到额外的拉应力的作用（一般而言，拉应力较大），从而引起混凝土的开裂。二、钢筋混凝土：1、钢筋混凝土（英文：Reinforced Concrete或Ferroconcrete），工程上常被简称为钢筋砼（tong）。是指通过在混凝土中加入钢筋钢筋网、钢板或纤维而构成的一种组合材料与之共同工作来改善混凝土力学性质的一种组合材料。为加劲混凝土最常见的一种形式。2、工作原理钢筋混凝土之所以可以共同工作是由它自身的材料性质决定的。首先钢筋与混凝土有着近似相同的线膨胀系数，不会由环境不同产生过大的应力。其次钢筋与混凝土之间有良好的粘结力，有时钢筋的表面也被加工成有间隔的肋条（称为变形钢筋）来提高混凝土与钢筋之间的机械咬合，当此仍不足以传递钢筋与混凝土之间的拉力时，通常将钢筋的端部弯起180 度弯钩。此外混凝土中的氢氧化钙提供的碱性环境，在钢筋表面形成了一层钝化保护膜，使钢筋相对于中性与酸性环境下更不易腐蚀。3、特性混凝土是水泥（通常硅酸盐水泥）与骨料的混合物。当加入一定量水分的时候，水泥水化形成微观不透明晶格结构从而包裹和结合骨料成为整体结构。通常混凝土结构拥有较强的抗压强度（大约 3,000 磅/平方英寸, 35 MPa）。但是混凝土的抗拉强度较低，通常只有抗压强度的十分之一左右，任何显著的拉弯作用都会使其微观晶格结构开裂和分离从而导致结构的破坏。而绝大多数结构构件内部都有受拉应力作用的需求，故未加钢筋的混凝土极少被单独使用于工程。相较混凝土而言，钢筋抗拉强度非常高，一般在200MPa以上，故通常人们在混凝土中加入钢筋等加劲材料与之共同工作，由钢筋承担其中的拉力，混凝土承担压应力部分。例如在图2简支梁受弯构件中，当施加荷载P时，梁截面上部受压，下部收拉。此时配置在梁底部的钢筋承担拉力(4)，而上部阴影区所示混凝土(2)承受压力(3)。在一些小截面构件里，除了承受拉力之外，钢筋同样可用于承受压力，这通常发生在柱子之中。钢筋混凝土构件截面可以根据工程需要制成不同的形状和大小。同普通混凝土一样，钢筋混凝土在28天后达到设计强度。4、结构钢筋混凝土中的受力筋含量通常很少，从占构件截面面积的1%（多见于梁板）至 6%（多见于柱）不等。钢筋的截面为圆型。在美国从0.25至1英尺，每级1/8英尺递增；在欧洲从8至30毫米，每级2毫米递增；在中国大陆从3至40毫米，共分为19等。在美国，根据钢筋中含碳量，分成40钢与60钢两种。后者含碳量更高，且强度和刚度较高，但难于弯曲。在腐蚀环境中，电镀、外涂环氧树脂、和不锈钢材质的钢筋亦有使用。在潮湿与寒冷气候条件下，钢筋混凝土路面、桥梁、停车场等可能使用除冰盐的结构则应使用环氧树脂钢筋或者其他复合材料混凝土，环氧树脂钢筋可以通过表面的浅绿色涂料轻松识别。

楼主说r打头的，那就是reinforcing bar或reinforcement，rebar也是钢筋的意思，是reinforcement bar的简写。steel bar也可以作为英语的钢筋

During the life of concrete structure in its service should keep the required strength, and other functions, concrete structure also must be able to withstand all kinds of erosion damage, this is often referred to as the concrete durability. But I wasn't referring to concrete durability during the use of for the infinite long, also is not a concrete can resist all kinds of damage. Daily maintenance has an important influence on the durability of concrete. Due to the strength of the concrete structure is increased gradually, the durability of concrete may also be considered to be naturally improve. But, in fact, strength and durability are two different concepts, reflect the different aspects of concrete performance. For the majority of concrete structure, strength and durability should be considered during the design phase, sometimes the durability has become main design parameters.2.1 the permeability of concreteIn concrete, the permeability is an important indicator, it refers to gas, liquid pressure or ions, the chemical potential or electric fields, in the concrete to the difficulty of the infiltration, proliferation or migration. Concrete permeability is the main reason of the concrete in a large number of pore and fracture. The pore structure of concrete including cement paste pore, pore in the aggregate, aggregate and will be exempted from inspection as antithesis pore, poor construction can also lead to parts of honeycomb structure.Due to the permeability of concrete determines the gas, liquid and the ease of soluble hazardous substances into concrete, a direct impact on the carbonation of concrete steel corrosion, erosion, and the freezing-thawing resisting ability, so it is one of the most important factors that affect the durability of concrete structures, the durability of concrete permeability to evaluation.2.2 concrete alkali aggregate reactionJianJiLiao response refers to the concrete raw materials (including cement, aggregate, admixtures and mixing and mixing water, etc.) in the alkaline substances react with the active ingredient, generate expansive material (material) or swell caused by concrete inside the expansion stress and cracking phenomenon. With general JianJiLiao response is after some years after the concrete forming gradually, the results cause the loss of concrete durability, serious when still can make concrete lost use value, and the reaction is occurred in the concrete, therefore, the damage caused by this reaction are difficult to prevent, and difficult to prevent, more is not easy to repair and saving, so called the concrete cancer.2.3 concrete chloride ion erosionChlorine salt compounds is one of the most harmful erosion sex, can lead to damage of concrete rapidly eroded. Due to the slurry properties of pore fluid, the concrete substrate characterized by strong alkali. Slurry hole fluid contains large amounts of alkali, its pH may only 13. But chlorine salt solution with strong acidity and erosion resistance, erosion intensity depends on chlorine salt solution concentration and combine with chlorine ion of cationic species. The chlorine salt erosion process need to chloride ion penetration into concrete microstructure, and require the precipitation from the cement hydration phase has a reverse movement of ions. Therefore the pore structure and permeability of concrete to chloride ion erosion has very important influence. The chloride ion erosion for cement concrete pavement and bridge panel has obvious damage effect, including the use of deicing agent after spalling of concrete surface damage and corrosion of the internal reinforcement.2.4 the sulfate attack of concreteNature exist all sorts of sulfate and sulfate in the industrial production has also been used light reflex. Sulfate solution will be in contact with the concrete structure or into the concrete matrix, and the cement hydration reaction product, lead to the expansion of the concrete, cracking and spalling damage, and then lose concrete structure integrity and stability.Concrete under sulfate macro performance degradation is due to the formation of new phase in the process of erosion and the disappearance of the old phase microstructure change as a result of, therefore, through the microscopic methods such as XRD analysis of corrosion products to explore the mechanism of sulfate erosion and the performance degradation of macro explain the reason for evaluation method research has important guiding significance.3.1 the choice of raw materialsThe strength of the cement materials and engineering properties, it is through the condensation of cement mortar, hardening of formation, cement stone once damaged, the durability of concrete were damaged, so the cement should pay attention to the choice of varieties of cement concrete performance, select small alkali content, low hydration heat, dry shrinkage of small, heat resistance, water resistance, corrosion resistance, good cement antifreeze performance, combined with the specific situation to choose. Cement strength are not the only standard to concrete strength and performance, such as low grade cement can also make high grade concrete. Choose the cement strength at the same time, therefore, the project should be considered its engineering properties, sometimes, its engineering properties are more important than strength.