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一般过去时的用法及结构1．一般过去时的基本用法一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，也可表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last week, last night, in 2003, two days ago等。【举例】I got up at 6:30 yesterday. 我昨天6:30起床。My father was very busy last week. 我父亲上周很忙。2．一般过去时的基本结构⑴肯定句“主语＋动词过去式＋其他”或者“主语＋was／were＋其他”。【举例】I played tennis last weekend. 我上周末打网球了。My school trip was great. 我的学校郊游棒极了。⑵否定句“主语＋didn’t＋动词原形＋其他”或“主语＋wasn’t／weren’t＋其他”。【举例】The girl didn’t play computer games yesterday afternoon. 这个女孩昨天下午没玩电子游戏。Old Henry wasn’t happy last Friday. 上星期五老亨利不高兴。⑶一般疑问句“Did＋主语＋动词原形＋其他？”肯定回答为“Yes，主语＋did”，否定回答为“No，主语＋didn’t”或者“Was／Were＋主语＋其他？”肯定回答为“Yes，主语＋was／were”，否定回答为“No，主语＋wasn’t／weren’t”。【举例】—Did you go to the beach? 你们去海滩了吗？—Yes, we did.／No, we didn’t. 是的，我们去了。／不，我们没有。—Was your weekend OK? 你的周末过得还行吧？—Yes, it was.／No, it wasn’t. 是的，还行。／不，不行。⑷特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋一般疑问句（顺序）？【举例】—What did Li Lei do last weekend? 李雷上周末干什么了？—He visited his grandparents. 他去看了他的祖父母。—Where were you yesterday? 你昨天在哪儿？—I was at home. 我在家里。为了便于记忆行为动词（实义动词）的一般过去时用法及结构，我们可用以下歌诀来帮助记忆：动词一般过去时，表示过去发生事。谓语动词过去式，过去时间作标志。否定形式很简单，主语之后didn’t添。谓语动词要还原。疑问构成有规则，主语前面加did。过去式的构成be动词和实义动词过去式的构成：⑴系动词be 的过去式有两种形式：was 和were。其中was 是am和is的过去式，were 是are的过去式。⑵规则动词过去式的构成：①一般在动词末尾加—ed。【举例】walk→walked play→played ②以不发音e结尾的动词末尾只加—d 。【举例】love→loved decide→decided ③结尾是“辅音字母＋y ”的动词。先将y 变为i，再加—ed 。【举例】study→studied carry→carried ④末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，先双写该辅音字母，再加—ed 。【举例】stop→stopped plan→planned 规则动词的过去式构成方法可用以下口诀来记忆：过去式构成有规律，一般词尾加—ed 如果词尾有个e（不发音的），只需直接加上—d 。“辅音字母＋y ”在词尾，变y为i加—ed 。“一辅重闭”作尾巴，双写之后加—ed 。随堂练习：一．写出下列动词的过去式。1.am／is ________ 2.do _______ 3.go ________ 4.have _______ 5.isn’t _________ 6. aren’t ________ 7.spend________ 8.cook_______ 9.read ________ 10.clean _______ 11.live _______ 12.study_________ 二．用适当的词完成下列对话。1.—How was your weekend? —It ______ great. —What _______ you ______ last weekend ? —I _______ some homework. 2.—What ______ she ______ last weekend? —She _______ to the beach. 3.—What _______ they do last weekend? —They ________ to the movies. 三．用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。1. We _________ (enjoy) ourselves at the party last night. 2.Jack ____________ (study) for the English test last Sunday. 3._______ you ______ (go) to the Great Wall last year? 4. What day _______ (be) it yesterday? 5.The old man _______(be)ill and went to see a doctor. 6.We ________ (have) a party last night. 7.We __________ (visit) the museum and went home. 8.—How _______ (be) the students? —They were very friendly. 9.He often _______ (have) supper at home. Today he ______ (have) supper at school. 10.We had great fun _______ (play) in the water. 11.That made me ______ (feel) very happy. 12.—______ he _______ (have) lunch at nine? —No, he didn’t. 13.They _________(buy) a guitar yesterday. 四．句型转换。1. He came here last month. (改为否定句) He _______ _______ here last month. 2..They played football this morning. (改为一般疑问句并作简略回答) —______ they _______ football this morning? —Yes, they _______.／No, they _________ . 3.They went to Beijing last year. (就划线部分提问) _________ _________ they ________ last year. 4.Tom watched TV last night. (改为一般疑问句) _______ Tom _______ TV last night? 5.Mary does homework every day. (用last night 改写句子) Mary ________ ____________ _________ ________ . 一般现在时的用法与结构1、一般现在时的定义及构成一般现在时表示现在经常反复发生的动作、存在的状态或习惯性的动作。(1) be(am,is,are)动词：(作谓语动词时) 肯定句:主语+be动词(am,is,are)+其它。如：①I am a student.(主语+be动词+名词) ②They are hungry.（主语+be动词+形容词）③He is out.(主语+be动词+副词) ④That pen is mine.(主语+be动词+代词) ⑤I am fifteen.(主语+be动词+数词) ⑥The bike is under the tree.(主语+be动词+介词短语) 运用am,is,are写三个句子否定句：主语+ be(am,is,are) + not +其它。如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。运用am,is,are写三个句子一般疑问句：Be(am,is,are) +主语+其它。如：-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not. 运用am,is,are写三个句子特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Where is my bike? 运用am,is,are写三个句子特殊疑问句：疑问词（what, where, who, when, which, whose, how, how many, how much, what shape, what colour,）,找句子中有没有be动词（is, am或者are）或情态动词或者助动词（特殊疑问句:疑问词+be动词（is, am或者are）或情态动词或者助动词+其他?）(2)行为动词：主语+行为动词+（其它）。（作谓语动词时) 1)主语不是第三人称单数时，肯定句为：主语+动词原形+其它否定式为：主语+don't+动词原形+其它疑问句为：Do+主语+动词原形+其它？e.g. ①We speak Chinese. ②Do you speak Chinese? ---Yes, I do. / No, I don't. ③They don't speak Chinese. 写三个句子2)当主语是第三人称单数时：(he,she,it,A/An,单独的人或事物:Lily/book) 肯定句为:主语+动词（词尾加s或es）+其它。否定式为：主语+doesn't+动词原形+其它. 疑问句式：Does+主语+动词原形+其它？①He speaks English. ②He doesn't speaks English. ③- Does she go to work by bike? Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't. 写三个句子特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：How does your father go to work? 3)动词+s的变化规则(1)一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks (2)以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes (3)以"辅音字母+y"结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：study-studies (3)情态动词（作谓语动词时)(can,could,be able to,may,might,must,have to,need,shall,should, will,would)时，句子结构为：肯定句：主语+情态动词+动词原形。否定句：主语+情态动词+not+动词原形一般疑问句;情态动词+主语+动词原形+其他？
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① 表示过去某个时间存在的状态或发生的动作，如：He was in the kitchen yesterday. I got up late yesterday morning. My father was unhappy yesterday afternoon. Did you have a good time last summer holiday/ ② 表示过去经常或反复发生的动作， 如：I often went to work by bus last year. When he was a child, he often listened to music. 3.一般过去时句子结构中常用的时间状语; just now yesterday yesterday morning ( afternoon, evening ) last night ( week, month, year ) a long time ago, two hours ago, three days ago, a week ago, four years ago … in 1990 ( 1998, 2000 …) When I was a child ( he was six …), … 二、 动词的过去式变化 1.规则动词的变化规则：① 一般在动词原形末尾加-ed，如：watch C watched call C called listen C listened ② 动词结尾是 e 的只加-d，如：dance C danced change C changed die C died ③ 末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加 -ed，如：plan C planned stop C stopped shop C shopped ④ 结尾是“辅音字母+ y”的动词，先变 y 为 i，再加 ed，如：cry C cried study C studied worry C worried 2.不规则动词过去式：英语字典后面常附有不规则动词表，可以根据学习 的内容不断收集积累，然后在使用中背下来。在收集的过程中，你也会 发现有些不规则动词的过去式变化也有一定的规律可循，如：①与原形相同：cut C cut put C put read C read set C set hit C hit let C let ②将 i, a, ea 变为 o：write C wrote ride C rode drive C drove win C won ③将 i, o, u 变为 a：swim C swam sing C sang sit C sat give C gave b Regular verbs (规则动词) Irregular verbs (不规则动词) egi nC beg an rin gC ran g co me C ca me run C ran ( 动 词 过 去 式 检 测 ) Cl ass___ Name_____ present happen past happened present am, is are past was were sat did wrote felt had said ate went saw came broke ran swam flew drew made knew took want finish clean call dance water paint joggle joke shout cheer listen laugh sniff sneeze rain play talk wanted finished cleaned called danced watered painted Joggled joked shouted cheered listened laughed sniffed sneezed Rained played talked sit do write feel have/has say eat go see come break run swim fly draw make know take stay help cook enjoy stayed helped cooked enjoyed stand drive get read stood drove got read Regular verbs (规则动词) present talk stay help cook enjoy climb bark die visit like ski skate live travel past talked stayed helped cooked en
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