爱美柯净水器
贝多芬，德国杰出的音乐家，维也纳古典乐派代表人物之一，世界音乐史上最伟大的作曲家之一。被尊称为“乐圣”和“交响乐之王”。下面是我给大家整理的贝多芬的英文简介，供大家参阅!
Ludwig van Beethoven (Ludwig van Beethoven) December 16, 1770 - March 26, 1827, at the age of 57 years, Germany's outstanding musicians, Vienna, one of the representatives of classical music, the history of world music One of the greatest composers. His works on the development of world music has a very far-reaching impact, so be known as "music" and "the king of the symphony."
Beethoven's main works take the top nine symphonies. The fifth symphony "Fate", the sixth symphony in F major, "Pastoral", the seventh symphony of A major, the ninth symphony of d minor " Chorus "(" Ode to the Song "the main melody), Overture" Love Gormon "," Leonora ", rose c minor fourteenth piano sonata" moonlight ", F major fifth Violin sonata" spring ", F major The second romantic song.
His nine symphonies play a decisive role in the development of world music, and his late works are romantic. His "moonlight" in the form of legends appeared in the textbooks of the sixth grade of the primary school language (on "26. Moonlight").
Beethoven's position in the history of music is extremely prominent, he is not only a master of classical style, but also a pioneer of romantic style. As a master of music, Beethoven is also a considerable degree of attention to the art of music, he is a pioneer in the creation of German art songs, life has piano accompaniment of more than sixty songs, his artistic songs with a very rich expression of the way and form To show, express the feelings of all mankind. In the field of art songs made remarkable achievements. From 1896 began to feel the increasingly weak hearing, 1813 - 1817 Beethoven's creation is also a temporary decline; 1818 - 1827 Beethoven left ear deafness, health deterioration, forty-six Beethoven hearing has been completely lost.
Childhood experience
December 16, 1770, Beethoven was born in Bonn, Germany, poor families. The father is the mediocre choir of the house choir of the tenor, the mother is a much tortured palace chef's daughter. His grandfather was the chief of the Bonn Palace Orchestra. In his father's strict training, Beethoven revealed the music of talent, but Beethoven is often beaten by his father.
Beethoven 4 years old will play the harpsichord, and get the reputation of the music prodigy; at the age of 5 suffering from otitis media; 8 years old began to perform on stage; 10 years old, he was the most famous music education in Prussia Beethoven's 11-year-old first "Piano Variations" at the age of 12; 12 years old by Nie Fei's recommendation, to Walterstein's palace band as organist assistant, then Beethoven's "music servant" The career began. 13-year-old Beethoven participated in the court band as an organist and an old pianist.
Study experience
In 1781 Beethoven followed the band conductor Kristian Gott Roberto Nefer learning piano and composer, Beethoven also with Franz Anton Reese learn violin, under the guidance of the new teacher makes Beethoven began to form their own unique style of.
In 1787 to Vienna, began to follow Mozart, Haydn and others to learn composition, at the beginning, Mozart wanted to see his ability to let him play music, Mozart heard his playing after the prediction of one day Beethoven will shake the world The
Beethoven arrived in Vienna shortly after the death of his mother, he had to immediately back to Bonn. As a result of the family's drag, until the fall of 1792 his father died, he came to Vienna for the second time, but then Mozart is no longer alive.
Beethoven also followed Schenck, Albrecht Borg and Salieri and others to learn. He was in Bonn through contacts with the intellectuals of Browning, access to many well-known professors, writers and musicians, and from them, by the "hurricane" trend of influence. His democratic ideology had matured in the years before the French Revolution, but grew rapidly in the revolutionary era. Beethoven during this period to create "prelude to F", two preludes and so on.
Painful experience
Beethoven began to write the first symphony at the age of thirty, from 1796 began to feel the hearing is weakening, his love of life and the pursuit of art to overcome his personal pain and despair, suffering into He created the source of strength, he strangled the fate of the throat.
He still painstakingly created "hero symphony"; "Hero Symphony" marks the Beethoven's state of mind turn, but also marks his creation of "heroic age" began.
Beethoven's later stage in Vienna, as Europe is experiencing a period of severe political reaction, that is, Mettner's reactionary rule is particularly rampant.
1818 - 1817 Beethoven's creation is also temporarily showing a decline; 1818 to 1827 Beethoven in the ears deaf, the deterioration of health, the spirit of torture, still with the giant perseverance created the "Ninth Symphony" Summed up his glorious, epic life, and show the good wishes of mankind.
In 1823, Beethoven completed his last masterpiece in his life - the Ninth Symphony.
In his later years
Forty-six-year-old Beethoven heard completely lost, still adhere to the music creation. In his later years, Beethoven created the last few string quartets.
In 1826, Beethoven was unable to complete due to serious illness.
In December 1826, Beethoven suffered from severe colds leading to pulmonary edema.
March 26, 1827, Beethoven died in Vienna.
On the day of his burial, all the schools were closed for mourning, twenty thousand people attended the funeral of Beethoven, and his tombstone was engraved with the inscription of the Austrian poet Greer Barty: "... when you stand in front of his coffin , Is not shy, but a kind of lofty feelings; we only have such a talent for him can say: he completed the great cause ... ... "
Beethoven's works are known for their heroic, dramatic and thoughtfulness. As he himself said: "music should make the human spirit burst out of the spark." For example, his most famous "fifth" fate "Symphony" in the "fate movement" describes the brutal fate of the struggle, and ultimately win The faith.
He created a total of nine symphonies, one of the most well-known for the "third" hero "symphony", "fifth" fate "symphony", "sixth" pastoral "symphony" and "ninth" chorus "symphony".
His piano music works are known for his passion for boldness and contrast. Piano sonata plays an important role in his work, not only reflects the evolution of his personal music creation style, but also indicates the piano music from classicalism into the romantic process.
Starting from the third movement of his second sonata, Beethoven replaced the small steps with Haydn and Mozart with a scherzo. Since then the structure of the sonata is: the first movement, the drama of conflict; the second movement, lyrical or contemplative adaption, used to express the complex inner emotional ups and downs; third movement, small step, Beethoven replaced with scherzo ; The fourth movement, rondo, warm, festive characteristics.
The most famous of the sonata works is "warm", "sad", "moonlight", "dawn" and "storm" five.
In Beethoven's later years, he also wrote six string quartets, which represent the "quartet of the B-Major". In the creation of vocal works, there are vocal divertimento "to the distant lover", Cantata "solemn mass" and other important works. One of his most important operas is "Ferdinand".
Beethoven's work by the eighteenth century Enlightenment and the German Hurricane sudden movement of the impact of distinct personality, than the predecessors have made great progress. In music performance, he almost involved all the music genre at that time; greatly improved the performance of the piano, so that the symphonic drama effect; also make the symphony become a direct reflection of social change in the form of important music.
Beethoven set the culmination of classical music, while opening up the romantic music of the road, the development of world music has a pivotal role, known as the "music Saint".
Beethoven's creative idea is broad, magnificent image, deep feelings, contrast, which makes him emphasis on the use and expansion of the sonata style; at the same time because of the rich and varied image, the use of the works in the sonata and have their own characteristics.
Beethoven's other orchestral works include "Violin Concerto", five piano concertoes, two preludes, piano bands, chorus fantasy, two violin tunes and band romance.
His music, from that full of sunshine and youthful vitality behind the joy, often still can feel a pain, depression and sadness. Only Beethoven, he is not only angry against the feudal system of autocracy, and with his music called for people to fight for freedom and happiness.
Beethoven in addition to absorb the traditional classical sonata structure reasonable ingredients, but also in their own creation to be greater innovation:
The use of the primer
Read the works of classical masters, from Haydn, Mozart to Crowe, Klemen Mentor, etc., their works are often straight to the point, straightforward meaning, the introductory part is often omitted. Only Beethoven, he gives the primer a new meaning, just like a concert prelude or opera prelude, the primer is often as a preface or a relatively independent part of the music content is briefly summarized, and implied, inspired, transition, description and so on. Such as "warm" third movement 1-19 section of the introduction, "Sorrow" the first movement of the 1-10 section of the introduction, the rise of the fourth anniversary of the V verse Sonata piano sonatas 1-4 section of the introduction and so on.
The presentation department is not repeated
We know that in the analysis of classical sonata presentation department, often will find the first repeated mark, the first repeated before the mark for all the presentation. But in the "warm", Beethoven has this repeated mark omitted, it can not be said that Beethoven's "classical frame" betrayal and innovation. Of course, the presentation of the song is not repeated mainly music content development results.
The part of the connection, the expansion and the end of the full independence
Beethoven's work, "start" is only relatively unfolded, often "symbolic", and "connection" and "end" is a mere identity in the work, there is no independence Meaning, is transferred from the tone or tone, to "bridge" in the identity of the work of the secondary position; some simply put the expansion of the Department. Beethoven has given the expansion, the connection and the end of the new meaning, in space and art height, is predecessors can not. There is 71 steps (65-135) in the first movement of the "passion", the connection is 20 (16-35) and the end is 15 (51-65). While the third movement of the expansion of the Department has 94 knots as much as (118-211), the connection is accounted for 40 sections of the giant (36-75); and in this section to give the connection part of a certain degree of independence and more Strong melodic tendency.
The end
The unprecedented development of the end is not only in the length of the elongation, and more valuable is that Beethoven still give the end of the relative independence of the meaning. "Passion" of the first movement ending 59 (that is 204-262), the third movement ending 54 (that is, 308-361). He often refers to the main part of the vice part of the music material, the tail for the mixed development, and to the end of the more specific Ad Ha. ("Warmth" the first part of the first part of the movement section 239), presto "passion" the third part of the third part of the movement section 308), as well as other terms such as piuallegro speed or intensity, so that the end becomes a relatively complete four-phrase structure of independence paragraph.
君君仅仅
太多著名的音乐家了，我挑了我喜欢的莫扎特，Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (27 January 1756 – 5 December 1791) was a prolific and influential Austrian composer of the Classical era. His more than 600 compositions include works widely acknowledged as pinnacles of symphonic, concertante, chamber, piano, operatic, and choral music, and he is among the most enduringly popular of classical composers.Mozart was born in Salzburg into a musical family and showed indications of prodigious abilities at a very young age. When he was five years old, he could both read and write music and had precocious skills as a keyboard and violin player. Much of his childhood and adolescence was taken up with tours, which included performances before many of the royal courts of Europe. In 1773, aged 17, he accepted a post as a court musician in Salzburg, but was unhappy with his low pay and limited opportunities. Over the next eight years, he frequently traveled in search of a better position and composed abundantly. This situation continued until his dismissal from Salzburg in 1781 by his employer, the Prince-Archbishop, and his subsequent departure for Vienna.He spent the rest of his busy life in Vienna, where he achieved relative fame. However, his finances remained precarious, with periods of prosperity and of penury. In 1782, he married Constanze Weber against the wishes of his family; six children were born, of whom two survived infancy. Musically, this was a period of outstanding creativity which saw the production of many of his best known symphonic, concertante and operatic works, and his final, incomplete Requiem. The circumstances of his death, at the age of 35, have been much mythologized, but were most likely commonplace.In his youth, Mozart had used his gifts of imitation and mimicry to learn from the works of others. From these lessons, in maturity, he fashioned a style that ranged in mood from the light and pleasant to the dark and violent, from a vision of humanity "redeemed through art, forgiven, and reconciled with nature and the absolute". His influence on all subsequent classical music has been profound. Beethoven wrote much of his early music in Mozart's shadow. Joseph Haydn, sometime mentor and later friend and admirer, wrote, "Posterity will not see such a talent again in 100 years". Others claim that, more than two centuries after his death, his talent remains unsurpassed.沃尔夫冈·阿玛多伊斯·莫扎特（Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart,1756-1791)莫扎特是一位杰出的奥地利作曲家,出生于萨尔兹堡一个宫廷乐师家里。他从少年时代就展现出杰出的音乐才能,一生作品极其丰富。他创作的最重要领域是歌剧，共22部，另一重要创作部分是交响乐，共45部。他的音乐创作即继承和发展了海顿等前辈的成果，又对后来的贝多芬等人的创作产生了重要影响莫扎特也许不是最伟大的作曲家，但他绝对是公认的最伟大的音乐天才。就连一生狂妄不羁的柴可夫斯基都把他称作是音乐的基督。曾有人这么说：“在音乐史上有一个光明的时刻，所有的对立者都和解了，所有的紧张都消除了，那光明的时刻便是莫扎特。”1756 年，沃尔夫冈·莫扎特（Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart）出生于萨尔兹堡，自幼他便展现出那无与伦比的音乐天赋：3岁开始弹琴，6岁开始作曲，8 岁写下了第一部交响乐，11岁便完成了他的第一部歌剧，14岁是指挥乐队演出了该歌剧。可以这么说，莫扎特是为音乐而生的，从他出生的那一刻开始，他就和音乐熔为一体了。16岁时的莫扎特被任命为萨尔兹堡宫廷的管风琴师。虽然在这段时间，莫扎特创作了大量的优秀作品，但他无法忍受萨尔兹堡大主教的颐指气使，任意欺凌。在那里，莫扎特只是一个会弹琴的佣人，他曾向他的父亲这样描述他在宫廷晚餐上的同伴：两名男仆，管家，点心师父，两名厨师，男仆坐在上座，莫扎特位列厨师之上。终于在1781年，莫扎特脱离了对大主教的依附，成为了历史上第一位自由作曲家，并来到了维也纳发展。在维也纳，莫扎特靠教私人学生，举行音乐会演出和出版作品为生。在这段时间，莫扎特接触到了巴赫、亨得尔的作品，并结识了海顿，从而丰富了他的音乐理念。在维也纳，莫扎特的音乐成就是令人惊叹的，他曾这样来描述他的音乐创作：“无论多长的作品都在我的脑中完成。我从记忆中取出早已储存好的东西。因此，写到纸上的速度就相当快了，因为一切都已完备，它在纸上的模样跟我想象的几乎毫无二致。所以在工作中我不怕被打扰，无论发生什么，我甚至可以边写边说话。”可怜就是这样一位天才，在他正当壮年的时候却因为感染风寒而去世了，死时年仅35岁。在他生命的最后一天（1971年12月9 日），他仍在创作，可惜天嫉英才，莫扎特留下了他那未完成的《安魂曲》，而撒手人间，成为了音乐史上最大的遗憾之一。尽管莫扎特的一生充满坎坷和艰辛，但他的音乐始终给人带来的是真正的纯美。著名的音乐评论家罗曼·罗兰为莫扎特作出了如下的评价：“他的音乐是生活的画像，但那是美化了的生活。旋律尽管是精神的反映, 但它必须取悦于精神，而不伤及肉体或损害听觉。所以，在莫扎特那里，音乐是生活和谐的表达。不仅他的歌剧，而且他所有的作品都是如此。他的音乐，无论看起来如何，总是指向心灵而非智力，并且始终在表达情感或激情，但绝无令人不快或唐突的激情。”当然，想要完整的评论莫扎特的音乐，绝非这区区近千字能够表达的。 而想要真正地体会莫扎特，最主要地还是去听他的作品，而他的千余部作品，几乎每一部都是超凡脱俗的经典之作。
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