打豆打豆
网络和手机的影响改变了世界以及我们互相之间关联的方式。取代见面， 我们更多地通过 手持设备 来 交流 。某种意义上，真实的人消失了，取而代之的是科技和虚拟的朋友。有些人甚至说他们更愿意向他们的虚拟朋友 袒露心声 而非他们真正的朋友！ The Internet and smartphones have changed the wrold and how we relate to each other. Instead of meeting in person, we increasingly interface through handheld devices . In a sense, real people are being removed, replaced by technology and vitual friends. Some people even say that they prefer to confide in their virtual friends rather than their real friends! AI, 或者说人工智能， 是另一项极具 颠覆性 的技术。在AI的加持下，手机和其他设备将有更多的功能。它们能够与我们 交流 ，和我们开玩笑。他们甚至会成为个人导师， 取代我们在线的人类教师。它们能够这样做是因为它们能够访问我们的生活历史。他们将知道我们有什么难题，我们的偏好， 以及任何我们想要学习或者尝试的内容。它们能够适应我们的需求并且在任何时候满足我们。所有这些都比使用人类花费更少。 AI, or artificial intelligence, is another technology that is highly disruptive . With AI, smartphone and other devices will have even more capbilities. They will be able to converse with us and tell us jokes. They may even become personal tutors, and replace our online tutors. They will be able to do this because they will have access to our life histories. THey will wihat kind of problems we have, our preferences, and any content we want to learn or practice. They will be able to adapt to our needs and be available at any time. And all of this will cost less than using a human. 事实上，AI对人类劳动力的替代有潜力改变这个世界。专家警告称智能的机器可能会造成大范围的失业。很多劳动者将被解雇， 取代他们的是比人类能够更好完成 认知 型任务的机器。 一个更大的危险是它们会发展出个性而且变得比人更有趣。为孤独的人生产AI伴侣的工作已经在进行中了。 In fact, the substitution of AIs for human labor has the potential to transform the world. Experts warn that smart machines may cause widespread unemployment. Many workers will become retadundant, replaced by machines that can perform cognitive tasks better than people. An even great danger is that they will develop personalities and become more interesting than pepple. Works are already underway to produce AI companions for lonely people. 这些发展值得我们担心还是欢迎？ 它们和过去的发展有何不同，例如 工业革命 ？汽车取代了马匹；机器和工业机器人取代了工厂的工人。 Are these developments something to worry or welcome? How are they different from developments in the past, such as the industrial revolution ? Cars replaced horses; machines and industrial rebots replaced factory workers. 既然转换到AI是不可避免的，决策者的挑战将是帮助当前的劳动者获得新的技能。未来的一代必须准备好面对一个 充满 了能够持续进化和接手新任务的AI的工作场所。 我们接受挑战吗 ？ Since the shift to AI is inevitable, the challenge for policy makers will be to help existing workers acquire new skills. Future generations must be prepared for a workplace populated with AIs that will continue to develop and take on new tasks, Are we up to the task ? interface 1 N-COUNT (学科或系统间相互影响或衔接的)边缘区域,接合部位The interface between two subjects or systems is the area in which they affect each other or have links with each other. ...a witty exploration of that interface between bureaucracy and the working world. 对官僚阶层与劳动大众之间的临界区域的风趣探究 2 N-COUNT (软件的用户)界面If you refer to the user interface of a particular piece of computing software, you are talking about its presentation on screen and how easy it is to operate. ...the development of better user interfaces. 更友好的用户界面的开发 3 N-COUNT (计算机或电子设备的)接口In computing and electronics, an interface is an electrical cricuit which links one machine, especially a computer, with another. 4 V-RECIP-ERG (使)(与…)相互联系（或连接）If one thing interfaces with another, or if two things interface, they have connections with each other. If you interface one thing with another, you connect the two things. ...the way we interface with the environment... 我们与环境相互作用的方式 The different components all have to interface smoothly... 不同的部件都必须能顺利接合。 virtual 1 ADJ 几乎的;实际上的;事实上的You can use virtual to indicate that something is so nearly true that for most purposes it can be regarded as true. Argentina came to a virtual standstill while the game was being played... 在比赛进行的时候，阿根廷全国几乎陷入了停顿状态。 He claimed to be a virtual prisoner in his own home. 他说自己在家里简直就像是个囚犯。 2 ADJ 虚拟的;模拟的Virtual objects and activities are generated by a computer to simulate real objects and activities. Up to four players can compete in a virtual world of role playing... 最多可以有4个玩家在一个虚拟世界中扮演角色互相拼杀。 This is a virtual shopping centre offering visitors entry to a clutch of well-known etailers without going to their different websites. 这是一个虚拟的购物中心，访问者在此就可以浏览很多著名的网上零售店铺，而无需分别访问它们各自的网站。 confide VERB 吐露（或倾诉）秘密If you confide in someone, you tell them a secret. I knew she had some fundamental problems in her marriage because she had confided in me a year earlier... 我知道她的婚姻存在一些根本性的问题，早在一年前她就向我倾诉过。 He confided to me that he felt like he was being punished... 他向我诉说他觉得自己像是在受罚。 disruptive ADJ-GRADED 破坏性的;制造混乱的To be disruptive means to prevent something from continuing or operating in a normal way. Alcohol can produce violent, disruptive behavior... 酒精会引发暴力和破坏性行为。 The process of implementing these changes can be very disruptive to a small company. 对于小公司来说，实行这些变革可能会带来灭顶之灾。 converse 1 V-RECIP (与…)交谈;(和…)说话If you converse with someone, you talk to them. You can also say that two people converse . Luke sat directly behind the pilot and conversed with him... 卢克就坐在飞行员后面，并且和他说着话。 They were conversing in German, their only common language. 他们正用德语交谈，这是他们唯一的共同语言。 2 N-SING 相反的声明;相反的话;相反的言论The converse of a statement is its opposite or reverse. What you do for a living is critical to where you settle and how you live — and the converse is also true. 一个人的谋生手段对于其居住地的选择和生活方式来说有着至关重要的影响，反之亦然。 substitution 1. In my experience a straight substitution of carob for chocolate doesn'twork. 根据我的经验，用角豆制品直接代替巧克力行不通。 2. We use saccharin in substitution for sugar. 我们用糖精代替糖. 3. Substitution , No.3 for No.4. 换人,4号下, 3号上.substitute 1 V-ERG 用…代替;取代;替换If you substitute one thing for another, or if one thing substitutes for another, it takes the place or performs the function of the other thing. They were substituting violence for dialogue... 他们在用暴力取代对话。 You could always substitute a low-fat soft cheese... 你总是可以代之以低脂肪的软奶酪。 2 N-COUNT 代替者;代替物;代用品A substitute is something that you have or use instead of something else. She is seeking a substitute for the very man whose departure made her cry. 那个男人的离去令她伤心痛哭，她正想找一个人填补内心的空缺。 ...tests on humans to find a blood substitute made from animal blood. 为从动物血液中提取人血的替代品而在人体上进行的试验 3 N-COUNT 令人满意的替代物;与之媲美的事物If you say that one thing is no substitute for another, you mean that it does not have certain desirable features that the other thing has, and is therefore unsatisfactory. If you say that there is no substitute for something, you mean that it is the only thing which is really satisfactory. The printed word is no substitute for personal discussion with a great thinker... 阅读印在纸上的内容远不如与伟大的思想家面对面探讨那般受益。 There is no substitute for practical experience. 实践经验是无法替代的。 4 N-COUNT 替补(运动员)In team games such as football, a substitute is a player who is brought into a match to replace another player. Coming on as a substitute, he scored four crucial goals for Cameroon. 作为替补队员上场的他为喀麦隆队打入了四粒关键进球。 1 V-ERG 用…代替;取代;替换If you substitute one thing for another, or if one thing substitutes for another, it takes the place or performs the function of the other thing. They were substituting violence for dialogue... 他们在用暴力取代对话。 You could always substitute a low-fat soft cheese... 你总是可以代之以低脂肪的软奶酪。 2 N-COUNT 代替者;代替物;代用品A substitute is something that you have or use instead of something else. She is seeking a substitute for the very man whose departure made her cry. 那个男人的离去令她伤心痛哭，她正想找一个人填补内心的空缺。 ...tests on humans to find a blood substitute made from animal blood. 为从动物血液中提取人血的替代品而在人体上进行的试验 3 N-COUNT 令人满意的替代物;与之媲美的事物If you say that one thing is no substitute for another, you mean that it does not have certain desirable features that the other thing has, and is therefore unsatisfactory. If you say that there is no substitute for something, you mean that it is the only thing which is really satisfactory. The printed word is no substitute for personal discussion with a great thinker... 阅读印在纸上的内容远不如与伟大的思想家面对面探讨那般受益。 There is no substitute for practical experience. 实践经验是无法替代的。 4 N-COUNT 替补(运动员)In team games such as football, a substitute is a player who is brought into a match to replace another player. Coming on as a substitute, he scored four crucial goals for Cameroon. 作为替补队员上场的他为喀麦隆队打入了四粒关键进球。 redundant 1 ADJ （人员因过剩）被解雇的，被裁减的If you are made redundant, your employer tells you to leave because your job is no longer necessary or because your employer cannot afford to keep paying you. My husband was made redundant late last year. 我丈夫去年年底被裁了。 ...a redundant miner. 失业的矿工 2 ADJ 多余的；不再需要的；过剩的Something that is redundant is no longer needed because its job is being done by something else or because its job is no longer necessary or useful. Changes in technology may mean that once-valued skills are now redundant . 技术上的革新可能意味着曾经被重视的技术现在已变得多余。 ...the conversion of redundant buildings to residential use. 将空置大楼改造为住宅 cognitive 1 ADJ 认识过程的;认知的Cognitive means relating to the mental process involved in knowing, learning, and understanding things. As children grow older, their cognitive processes become sharper. 孩子们越长越大，他们的认知过程变得更为敏锐。 ...Vygotsky's theory of cognitive development. 维果斯基的认知发展理论
jerrystone
看书不能信仰而无思考，要大胆地提出问题，勤于摘录资料，分析资料，找出其中的相互关系，是做学问的一种 方法 ，下面给大家带来一些关于2019六级阅读原文及参考答案，希望对大家有所帮助。
阅读篇一
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage
Professor Stephen Hawking has warned that the creation of powerful artificial intelligence (AI) will be “either the best, or the worst thing, ever to happen to humanity”, and praised the creation of an academic institute dedicated to researching the future of intelligence as “crucial to the future of our civilization and our species.”
Hawking was speaking at the opening of the Leverhulme Centre for the Future of Intelligence (LCFI) at Cambridge University, a multi-disciplinary institute that will attempt to tackle some of the open-ended questions raised by the rapid pace of development in AI research. “We spend a great deal of time studying history,” Hawking said, “which, let’s face it, is mostly the history of stupidity. So it’s a welcome change that people are studying instead the future of intelligence.”
While the world-renowned physicist has often been cautious about AI, raising concerns that humanity could be the architect of its own destruction if it creates a super-intelligence with a will of its own, he was also quick to highlight the positives that AI research can bring. “The potential benefits of creating intelligence are huge,” he said. “We cannot predict what we might achieve when our own minds are amplified by AI. Perhaps with the tools of this new technological revolution, we will be able to undo some of the damage done to the natural world by the last one – industrialization. And surely we will aim to finally eradicate disease and poverty. And every aspect of our lives will be transformed. In short, success in creating AI could be the biggest event in the history of our civilization.”
Huw Price, the centre’s academic director and the Bertrand Russell professor of philosophy at Cambridge University, where Hawking is also an academic, said that the centre came about partially as a result of the university’s Centre for Existential Risk. That institute examined a wider range of potential problems or humanity, while the LCFI has a narrow focus.
AI pioneer Margaret Boden, professor of cognitive science at the University of Sussex, praised the progress of such discussions. As recently as 2009, she said, the topic wasn’t taken seriously, even among AI researchers. “AI is hugely exciting,” she said, “but it has limitations, which present grace dangers given uncritical use.”
The academic community is not alone in warning about the potential dangers of AI as well as the potential benefits. A number of pioneers from the technology industry, most famously the entrepreneur Elon Musk, have also expressed their concerns about the damage that a super-intelligent AI could do to humanity.
46. What did Stephen Hawking think of artificial intelligence?
A) It would be vital to the progress of human civilization.
B) It might be a blessing or a disaster in the making.
C) It might present challenges as well as opportunities.
D) It would be a significant expansion of human intelligence.
46. B. It might be a blessing or a disaster in the making.
【定位】根据题干Stephen Hawking think of artificial intelligence定位到第一段第一句
【解析】“either the best, or the worst thing…”，要么是最好的，要么是最坏的，与选项B对应。选项A不是本文主旨所在。选项C偷换逻辑，文中是说人工智能可能有益也可能有害，不是在说机遇与挑战并存。选项D在原文并未直接提及，也与主旨无关。
47. What did Hawking say about the creation of the LCFI?
A) It would accelerate the process of AI research.
B) It would mark a step forward in the AI industry.
C) It was extremely important to the destiny of humankind.
D) It was an achievement of multi-disciplinary collaboration.
47. C. It was extremely important to the destiny of humankind.
【定位】根据关键词the creation of the LCFI定位到第一段第二句
【解析】“crucial to the future of our civilization and our species” 对我们文明和我们物种的未来至关重要，与选项C对应。本题较为简单，选项A、选项B与选项D均没有在原文中提及，而且 文章 是在说LEFI的重要性。
48. What did Hawking say was a welcome change in AI research?
A) The shift of research focus from the past to the future.
B) The shift of research from theory to implementation.
C) The greater emphasis on the negative impact of AI.
D) The increasing awareness of mankind’s past stupidity.
48. A. The shift of research focus from the past to the future.
【定位】根据关键词a welcome change定位到第二段末尾句
【解析】it’s a welcome change that people are studying instead the future of intelligence. 人们研究的是智慧的未来，这是一个令人欢迎的变化。根据前文的We spend a great deal of time studying history…is mostly the history of stupidity可知，我们花了很多时间研究愚蠢的历史，可以选出选项A。选项B与选项C在原文没有提及。选项D偏离了重点，题干是在问令人欢迎的变化是什么，对应原文“从研究历史到研究未来的转换”。
49. What concerns did Hawking raise about AI?
A) It may exceed human intelligence sooner or later.
B) It may ultimately over-amplify the human mind.
C) Super-intelligence may cause its own destruction.
D) Super—intelligence may eventually ruin mankind.
49. D. Super—intelligence may eventually ruin mankind.
【定位】根据题干concerns和Hawking raise about AI定位到原文第三段第一句
【解析】…raising concerns that humanity could be the architect of its own destruction if it creates a super-intelligence…：如果人类有自己的意愿创造出一种超级智能，那么人类可能是自身毁灭的建筑师。对应选项D。选项A与选项B没有在原文提及。选项D与选项C的差异在于，选项D是说人工智能毁灭人类，选项C是说人工智能毁灭人工智能自身。这是题目陷阱——原文中的its own destruction，its指代前文的humanity人类。
50. What do we learn about some entrepreneurs from the technology industry?
A) They are much influenced by the academic community.
B) They are most likely to benefit from AI development.
C) They share the same concerns about AI as academic.
D) They believe they can keep AI under human control.
50. C. They share the same concerns about AI as academic.
【定位】根据关键词some entrepreneurs定位到原文最后一段第二句
【解析】most famously the entrepreneur Elon Musk, have also expressed their concerns about the damage that a super-intelligent AI could do to humanity. 最著名的企业家埃隆·马斯克，也表达了他们对超级智能人工智能可能对人类造成的损害的担忧。这种担忧正是前文的学术界表达的。所以选项C为正确答案。选项A、选项B与选项D均没有在原文中提及。
阅读篇二：
Question 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
The market for products designed specifically for older adults could reach $30 billion by next year, and startups(初创公司)want in on the action. What they sometimes lack is feedback from the people who they hope will use their products. So Brookdale, the country’s largest owner of retirement communication, has been inviting a few select entrepreneurs just to move in for a few days, show off their products and hear what the residents have to say.
That’s what brought Dayle Rodriguez, 28, all the way from England to the dining room of Brookdale South Bay in Torrance, California. Rodriguez is the community and marketing manager for a company called Sentab. The startup’s product, Sentab TV, enables older adults who may not be comfortable with computers to access email, video chat and social media using just their televisions and a remote control.
“It’s nothing new, it’s nothing too complicated and it’s natural because lots of people have TV remotes,” says Rodriguez.
But none of that is the topic of conversation in the Brookdale dining room. Instead, Rodriguez solicits residents’ advice on what he should get on his cheeseburger and how he should spend the afternoon. Playing cards was on the agenda, as well as learning to play mahjong( 麻将 ).
Rodriguez says it’s important that residents here don’t feel like he’s selling them something. “I’ve had more feedback in a passive approach,” he says. “Playing pool, playing cards, having dinner, having lunch,” all work better “than going through a survey of questions. When they get to know me and to trust me, knowing for sure I’m not selling them something – there’ll be more honest feedback from them.”
Rodriguez is just the seventh entrepreneur to move into one of Brookdale’s 1,100 senior living communities. Other new products in the program have included a kind of full-body blow dryer and specially designed clothing that allows people with disabilities to dress and undress themselves.
Mary Lou Busch, 93, agreed to try the Sentab system. She tells Rodriguez that it might be good for someone, but not for her.
“I have the computer and Face Time, which I talk with my family on,” she explains. She also has an iPad and a smartphone. “So I do pretty much everything I need to do.”
To be fair, if Rodriguez had wanted feedback from some more technophobic(害怕技术的) seniors, he might have ended up in the wrong Brookdale community. This one is located in the heart of Southern California’s aerospace corridor. Many residents have backgrounds in engineering, business and academic circles.
But Rodriguez says he’s still learning something important by moving into this Brookdale community: “People are more tech-proficient than we thought.”
And besides, where else would he learn to play mahjong?
51. What does the passage say about the startups?
A) They never lose time in upgrading products for seniors.
B) They want to have a share of the seniors’ goods market.
C) They invite seniors to their companies to try their products.
D) They try to profit from promoting digital products to seniors.
答案：B
【解析】
The market for products designed specifically for older adults could reach $30 billion by next year, and startups(初创公司)want in on the action.
原句中说专门为老年人定制产品市场在明年将创300亿美元的营业额，而startups初创公司也want in on the action想要从中分取一杯羹。选项，就是跟The market for products designed specifically for older adults could reach $30 billion by next year, and startups(初创公司)want in on the action.的同义替换。
52. Some entrepreneurs have been invited to Brookdale to .
A) have an interview with potential customers
B) conduct a survey of retirement communities
C) collect residents’ feedback on their products
D) show senior residents how to use IT products
答案：C
【解析】
So Brookdale, the country’s largest owner of retirement communication, has been inviting a few select entrepreneurs just to move in for a few days, show off their products and hear what the residents have to say.这里的题眼在于hear what the residents have to say，听听居民们对他们的产品怎么看，也就是选项C中的collect residents’ feedback。
53. What do we know about SentabTV?
A) It is a TV program catering to the interest of the elderly.
B) It is a digital TV which enjoys popularity among seniors.
C) It is a TV specially designed for seniors to view programs.
D) It is a communication system via TV instead of a computer.
答案：D
【解析】
The startup’s product, Sentab TV, enables older adults who may not be comfortable with computers to access email, video chat and social media using just their televisions and a remote control.
原文中提到SentabTV帮助不习惯用电脑的老年人，跟选项D中instead of a computer呼应。
54. What does Rodriguez say is important in promoting products?
A) Winning trust from prospective customers.
B) Knowing the likes and dislikes of customers.
C) Demonstrating their superiority on the spot.
D) Responding promptly to customer feedback.
答案：A
【解析】
Rodriguez says it’s important that residents here don’t feel like he’s selling them something. “I’ve had more feedback in a passive approach,” he says. “Playing pool, playing cards, having dinner, having lunch,” all work better “than going through a survey of questions. When they get to know me and to trust me, knowing for sure I’m not selling them something – there’ll be more honest feedback from them.”
原句中提到了When they get to know me and to trust me，重要在于能得到居民的了解与信任，对应选项A，获得潜在客户的信任。
55. What do we learn about the seniors in the Brookdale community?
A) Most of them are interested in using the Sentab.
B) They are quite at ease with high-tech products.
C) They have much in common with seniors elsewhere.
D) Most of them enjoy a longer life than average people.
答案：B
【解析】
But Rodriguez says he’s still learning something important by moving into this Brookdale community: “People are more tech-proficient than we thought.”这句话的最后半句提到，人们比我们想象中精通技术，B选项的quite at ease with指的是人们对高科技产品使用的得心应手，正好为同义替换。
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