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谦谦妈妈2015

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在英语语法中,如果把位于动词放在在于前面,就叫倒装句。关于英语倒装句的语法知识点你还了解多少?下面由我为大家提供关于高中英语倒装句的语法知识点总结,希望对大家有帮助!

1.倒装句的定义:英语最基本的词序是主语在谓语动词的前面。

如果把谓语动词放在主语前面,就叫做倒装。

3. 倒装的原因

a) 句子语法结构的需要。例如:

Did you attend the meeting? 你参加会议了吗?

Long live peace! 和平万岁!

b) 一些句型的固定用法。例如:

Such were his last words. 他最后的话就是这样。

c)强调的需要。倒装以后,句子更加流畅生动。例如:

Never before have we seen such a sight. 以前我们从来没有见过这样的情景。

Before us lay a lot of difficulties. 在我们前面有很多困难。

Often did we warn them not to do so. 我们曾多次警告他们不要这样做。

4. 倒装句的基本用法

a) 构成疑问句(除对主语或主语之定语提问的特殊疑问句外):

When are we going to drink to your happiness? 我们什么时候喝你们的喜酒?

Have you seen the film? 你看了那部电影吗?

b) 在以here, there, now, then, in, away, up down等副词开头的句子中:

Away went the crowd one by one. 人们一个一个地离去。

Here comes our teacher! 我们的老师来了!

c) 副词only+状语放在句首时:

Only then did he realize his mistakes . 只有在那时他才认识到自己的错误。

Only in this way can you learn maths well . 只有用这种方法你才能学好数学。

d) 含有否定意义的副词或连词(如little, hardly, never, rarely, no sooner…than等)放在句首时:

Little did I think that he could be back alive. 我没有想到他竟能活着回来。

Not until New Year’s Day shall I give you a gift. 我要到元旦那天才能给你礼物。

Hardly had the train arrived at the station when we ran towards the sleeping car looking for our guests.

火车刚一进站,我们就跑到卧车那儿去找我们的客人。

e) 副词so或 neither(nor)在句首:

He is interested in pop-songs, and so am I.他对流行歌曲感兴趣,我也如此。

He hasn’t been to the countryside, neither does he want to go there.他没有去过农村,他也不想去那里。

f) 在方式状语thus开头的句子中及程度状语so放句首:

Thus ended his life. 这样结束了他的生命。

So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him . 他讲话的声音那样大,连隔壁屋子里的人都听得见。

2. so作“也”讲时,引导的句子用倒装语序,例如:

He went to the film last night. So did I. 他昨天晚上去看电影了,我也去了。

如不作“也”讲而只起连词作用,表示一种结果的意思,句子就要用正常语序。例如:

His mother told him to go to the film. So he did. 他母亲叫他去看电影,他就去了。

“He is a tall thin man.” “So he is.” “他又高又瘦。” “确实如此。”

3. 某些让步状语从句往往把表语提到主语前面或放在句首,以构成倒装结构。例如:

No matter how interesting the book is,he doesn't like to read it.不管这本书多有趣,他都不想看。

However hard a solid may be,we can change its shape. 不管一个固体有多硬,我们都可以改变其形状。

Young as he is, he knows a lot. 虽然他年轻,却知道很多东西。

4. 在虚拟语气中,如果非真实条件句省略if,须将主句中的were, had和should等助动词和主语颠倒形成部分倒装。例如:

Were he younger (= If he were younger), he would learn skating. 假如他年轻一些,他就会去学溜冰。

Should they forget (= If they should forget) to bring a map with them, they would get lost in the woods

如果他们忘记带一张地图的话,他们就会在深林里迷路。

Had they realized (= If they had realized) how important the task was, they wouldn’t have refused to

accept it. 假如他们认识到这个任务是多么重要的话,他们就不致于拒绝接受这项任务。

倒装句的构成分为全部倒转和部分倒装

a、全部倒装

全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有

1)here,there,now,then,thus等副词置于句首,谓语动词常用be,come,go,lie,run。

Theregoesthebell.

2)表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首,谓语表示运动的动词。

Outrushedamissilefromunderthebomber.

注意上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词,如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。

Herehecomes.

b、部分倒装

部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词do,does或did,并将其置于主语之前。

1)句首为否定或半否定的词语,如no,not,never,seldom,little,hardly,atnotime,innoway,notuntil…等。

NeverhaveIseensuchaperformance.

Notuntilthechildfellasleepdidthemotherleavetheroom.

当Notuntil引出主从复合句,主句倒装,从句不倒装。

注意如否定词不在句首不倒装。

Ihaveneverseensuchaperformance.

典型例题

1)WhycantIsmokehere?

Atnotime___inthemeeting-room

A.issmokingpermittedB.smokingispermitted

C.smokingisitpermittedD.doessmokingpermit

答案A.这是一个倒装问题。当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时,其句中的主谓须用倒装结构。这些否定词包括no,little,hardly,seldom,never,notonly,notuntil等。本题的正常语序是Smokingispermittedinthemeeting-roomatnotime.

2)Notuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19thcentury___whatheatis.

A.mandidknowB.manknowC.didntmanknowD.didmanknow

答案D.看到Notuntil…的句型,我们知道为一倒装句,答案在C,D中选一个。

改写为正常语序为,Mandidnotknowwhatheatisuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19th.现在将not提前,后面就不能再用否定了,否则意思就变了。

以否定词开头作部分倒装

如Notonly…butalso,Hardly/Scarcely…when,Nosooner…than

Not only did here fuse thegi ft,healsoseverelycriticizedthesender.

Hardly had she gone out when a student came tovisither.

1. My brother had a cold last week, _________.

A. so had I B. so did I

C. I had so D. so I had

2. Not until _________ home __________ his parents had been ill for three days.

A. he got; he knew B. did he get; he knew

C. he got; did he know D. did he get; did he know

3. In hardly any situation ________ find her sad.

A. that you can B. that can you

C. you can D. can you

4. Be quick! _________.

A. The bus comes here B. Here comes the bus

C. The bus here comes D. Here is the bus coming

5. In ________ and the lesson began.

A. the teacher came B. the teacher coming

C. came the teacher D. did the teacher come

6. On the wall _________ two large portraits.

A. hangs B. hang C. hanged D. hanging

英语语法倒装课件

140 评论(8)

艳的笑窝

我刚刚上传了倒装的课件,估计明天可能会在百度文库中出现,你可以在百度文库中输入雨后彩虹YC就可以学习了,希望能帮到你

151 评论(14)

唐小七7

主语和谓语是句子的核心,它们之间有两种语序:一是主语在谓语之前称为自然语序(Natural Order);二是主语在谓语之后则称为倒装语序(Inverted Order)。而倒装语序中又有全部倒装(Full Inversion)和部分倒装(Partial Inversion)两种情况。首先,在全部倒装的句子中,要把整个谓语放在主语的前面去而构成倒装语序。例如:There are large numbers of students in the lecture hall.(在There be…的句式中,There只是个引导词而不是主语,真正的主语是后面作表语的名词或者名词短语。因此,There be…的句式都是全部倒装的句子。)演讲厅里有大量的学生。When he ran to the door, there stood a mid-aged man with a lantern in his hand .(此句是为了"描述情节的需要",把倒装当着修辞的手段而写成了全部倒装句。句子的主语是a mid-aged man,谓语是stood 。)当他向房门跑去时,那儿正立着一位手里拿着一盏灯笼的中年男人。另外,在部分倒装的句子中,只把谓语的一部分(如情态动词、助动词、或是系动词be)放到主语的前面去,构成倒装语序。例如:Are you going to take part in the football match against Accounting Department on Friday afternoon? (句子的谓语是are going to take part,are是句子的谓语的一部分;句子的主语是you 。所以,此句是部分倒装的句子。疑问句都是部分倒装句。)你打算去参加星期五与会计系进行的足球赛吗?Hardly could he finish his test paper when the school bell rang .(由于语法要求的原因,本句写成了部分倒装的句子。它的自然语序应该是:When the bell rang, he could hardly finish his test paper.)他还未做完试卷,下课铃就响了。了解了倒装语序的构成情况后,我们再来看看倒装语序在各种不同类句子中的使用情况:A. 在疑问句中各种疑问句一般地说都是倒装语序。例如:Will they come to see us this weekend ? 这个周末他们将来看我们吗?Are you talking about the film you saw last Monday ?你们是在谈论你们上周一看的那部电影吗?Can you speak another foreign language except English?除开英语,你还能说另一种外语吗?Where did you buy the dictionary, in the book store nearby or in Xinhua bookstore?你在哪儿买的这本词典,是在附近的书店还是在新华书店?She is not a student, isn‘t she ? 她不是个学生,对吗?B. 在感叹句中某些感叹句也用倒装语序。例如:Isn‘t it a beautiful garden ! 多么美丽的花园啊!What a beautiful garden it is ! 多么美丽的花园啊!(在这种句式中,主语在谓语之前,属于自然语序。对于主语和谓语而言,语序没有倒装。)Have you ever seen such a naughty kid like him !你见过那个孩子像他这么调皮!C. 在陈述句中陈述句在一般情况下用自然语序;但由于英语语法的某些原因,陈述句也要使用倒装语序。这些原因大致可以归纳1) 为了避免句子部分内容不必要的重复,常用"so + be动词(助动词、情态动词)+主语"或"neither / nor + be动词(助动词、情态动词)+主语"的倒装句式。其中第一个句式表示"与前面所述的肯定情况相同", 第二个句式表示"与前面所述的否定情况相同"。例如:His brother is a college student; so is mine.他弟弟是大学生,我弟弟也是。His brother is not a college student; nor is min .他弟弟不是大学生,我弟弟也不是。He used to have his further study abroad; so did I.他曾去国外深造过,我也去过。He didn‘t use to have his further study abroad; neither did I.他没去国外深造过,我也没有。One of my friends can speak three foreign languages; so can his wife.我的一个朋友会说三门外国语,他的妻子也会。One of my friends cannot speak three foreign languages; neither can his wife .我的一个朋友不会说三门外国语,他的妻子也不会。They are now preparing for their final examinations; so are we .他们正在为期末考试作准备,我们也一样。They are not now preparing for their final examinations; nor are we .他们没在为期末考试作准备,我们也没有。2)具有否定意义的词或短语置于句首时(除否定词修饰主语外),句子一般要写成部分倒装句。这类词或短语常见的有:not, never, seldom, hardly, rarely, scarcely, by no means, under no circumstances, in no way, at no time, no sooner … (than), hardly … (when), not only … (but also), not until… ,等。例如:Hardly had she sat down when she heard someone knocking at the door .她还没来得及坐下来,就听见有人敲门。Not until twelve o‘clock did he go to bed last night .他昨晚直到十二点钟才睡觉。Never have my sisters been to Hong Kong before .我的妹妹们以前从未去过香港。No sooner had I returned home from New Zealand than I bought a house and went to live there.我从新西兰一回国,就买了一栋房子并在那儿住下了。So far as I know, seldom does Mary come back to see her mother.就我所知,玛利几乎很难回来看她妈妈。Scarcely a drop of rain fell here last fall . (否定词修饰主语时,句子不用倒装。) 去年秋天,这儿几乎没下一滴雨。3)当so, often, only等表示程度、频率的副词放在句首时,句子一般要倒装。例如:Only in this way can you come up with a solution to the problem.只有这样,你才有可能想出解决这个问题的办法。So serious was the situation that everybody faced a test.形势如此地严峻,每个人都面临着一场考验。So hard did he overwork that he fell ill at last. 他太操劳过度以致最后病倒了。4)当there, here, then, now等副词在句首,且谓语是come, go, be等动词时,句子一般要全部倒装。其意义在于引起他人的注意。如果这类句子的主语是代词,则不用写成倒装句。例如:Now, here goes the story.这个故事是这样的。Look, there comes the taxi.瞧,出租车过来了。Then came another question.然后又一个问题提出来了。Then followed the four-year War of Liberation.接下来是四年的解放战争。5) 当out, in, away, up, bang等表示方位或拟声词放在句首时,句子一般要全部倒装。这类子比自然语序的句子更为生动、形象。但如果这类句子的主语是代词,则不用写成倒装句。例如:Bang goes my ace.我砰地一下打出了"爱司"。Away flew the bird.那鸟飞走了。Suddenly, in came a man with a mask on his face.突然进来一个蒙着面具的人。6) 其他情况还有:省略了if的虚拟条件句、某些表示祝愿的句子、以及某些让步状语从句,等等也要用倒装句式。例如:(省略了if的虚拟条件句)Had they not helped us, we could not have done it so successfully.如果没有他们的帮助,我们不可能把那件事办的如此成功。Should he come, say "Nobody in" to him.万一他来了,对他说:"公司没人。"(某些表示祝愿的句子)May our friendship last forever.愿我们的友谊常存!May your company become prosperous.祝贵公司生意兴隆!(某些让步状语从句)Try as I might, I couldn‘t lift the stone.无论我使多大的劲,我也无法搬起那块石头。They said they would follow the Party‘s lead come what might.他们说无论发生什么情况,他们都会跟党走的。7) 由于修辞或是平衡句子的原因也可以用倒装句;也可以不用。这不是一条必须的规定。Next to this one is another grand hotel which is beautifully decorated .这家饭店隔壁还有一家装修华丽的大饭店。On either side of the great avenue stood many block buildings.这条大街的两侧都耸立着许多综合楼。(这类句子也可以不用倒装句。)"I‘m leaving for Beijing tomorrow," said Tom to his mother (OR: Tom said to his mother) .汤姆对他妈妈说:"我明天动身去北京。"Many block buildings stood on either side of the great avenue.许多综合楼耸立在这条大街的两侧。Another grand hotel, which is beautifully decorated, is next to this one .这家饭店隔壁还有一家大饭店,那家饭店装修十分华丽。

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倒装英语句子的语序通常是主语在前,谓语在后,这种语序称作正常语序或自然语序。但有时出于语法或达到某种修辞目的(强调、承上启下、平衡等)的需要,要把谓语动词放在主语前面,这种语序称作倒装(Inversion)语序。将谓语动词完全移至主语之前,称完全倒装(Full Inversion);如果只是把助动词或情态动词放在主语之前,称为部分倒装。1. there be结构的倒装在“there be”(或there + appear to be,come,exist, happen to be, lie, live, occur, remain, seem, seem to be, stand, used to be) 雪结构中,倒装形式为完全倒装。如:There were many students in the reading room in this evening.今晚阅览室里有许多学生。2. here,there,now,then等引起的倒装在以here,there,now,then等简短副词引起的句子中(前三个须用一般现在时),动词往往是be,come,go等时, 这类句子大多带有引起注意的含义。如:Here comes the bus.公共汽车来了。但要注意:如果主语是人称代词,则不用倒装。如:Here they are. 他们在这儿。 3. 省略if的非真实条件状语从句中的倒装虚拟结构中的条件从句省去if时,were, had, should须移至主语之前。如:Had you worked harder at college, you would have got better job.如果你在大学期间读书用功些,现在就会找到一份更好的工作。4. 副词so, neither, nor等引起的倒装在用so, nor, neither表示“也/不……”这一类结构里其公式是:肯定: so+be/have/助动词/情态动词+主语否定: Neither(nor)+be/have/助动词/情态动词+主语。如:—He has been to Beijing.他去过北京。—So have I.我也去过。—They can’t answer the question.他们不会回答这个问题。—Neither than I.我也不会。 5. what,how引起的倒装以What, how开头的感叹句(表语或宾语提前)。如:What beautiful weather (it is)!多好的天气啊!(表语提前)What a lovely picture he painted!他画了一张多好的画啊!(宾语提前) 6. 疑问词或连接词引起的倒装在疑问词或连接词whether等引起的从句中。如:Whatever you may say, I won’t go there.无论你怎样说,我都不会去那儿。(状语从句中宾语提前) 7. 否定词位于句首时引起的倒装(1). never,seldom,hardly,little,few等引起的倒装否定词never,seldom,rarely,hardly,barely,scarcely,little,few等位于句首时所引起的倒装句通常为部分倒装形式,如果谓语动词为be的一般现在时或一般过去时,则为完全倒装形式。如:Never shall I forget the days when you were with us. 我很少有时间去看电影。(2). nowhere,no longer,no more等引起的倒装nowhere(无处),no longer(不再),no more(也不)等否定词位于句首时所引起的倒装句通常为部分倒装形式,如果谓语动词为be的一般现在时或一般过去时,则为完全倒装形式:No longer was he in charge of this work.他不再负责这项工作了。(3). not until,not a,not in the least等引起的倒装not until(直到……才),not a(一个……也没有),not in the least(一点儿也不),not for a minute/moment(一点儿也不)等位于句首时,通常引起倒装(not a之后的名词作主语时除外),其形式通常为部分倒装形式,如果谓语动词为be的一般现在时或一般过去时,则为完全倒装形式。如:Not until all the demands had been turned down did the workers decide to go on strike. 一直到所有的要求遭到拒绝之后,工人们才决定罢工。(4). under no circumstances,by no means,in no way等引起的倒装in/under no circumstances(无论如何不),by no means (决不),in no case (无论如何不),in no way (决不),on no account (决不可),on no condition(决不)等短语位于句首时所引起的倒装句通常为部分倒装形式,如果谓语动词为be的一般现在时或一般过去时,则为完全倒装形式。如:In no case must force be resorted to. 决不准许诉诸武力。8. 关联连词位于句首时引起的倒装(1). not only...but also引起的倒装not only...but also位于句首所引起的倒装句为部分倒装形式,如果谓语动词为be的一般现在时形式或一般过去时形式,则为完全倒装形式。如: Not only should we not be afraid of difficulties, but also we should try our best to overcome them.我们不仅应该不怕困难,而且应该尽最大努力去克服它们。(2). neither...nor引起的倒装neither...nor位于句首引起的倒装句为部分倒装形式,如果谓语动词为be的一般现在时或一般过去时,则为完全倒装形式。如:Neither Peter wanted the responsibility,nor did his wife.彼得不想担此责任,他妻子也不想担此责任。(3). hardly...when/no sooner...than引起的倒装hardly/scarcely/barely...when或no sooner...than位于句首所引起的倒装句为部分倒装形式,如果谓语动词为be的一般现在时或一般过去时,则为完全倒装形式。如:Hardly had he arrived when/No sooner had he arrived than he was asked to leave again. 他刚到就又被请走了。(4). so...that引起的倒装so...that位于句首所引起的倒装句为部分倒装形式,如果谓语动词为be的一般现在时或一般过去时,则为完全倒装形式。如:So angry was he (He so angry) that he couldn’t speak.他如此愤怒,以致说不出话来。(5). such...that引起的倒装such...that位于句首所引起的倒装句为部分倒装形式,如果谓语动词为be的一般现在时或一般过去时,则为完全倒装形式。如:Such was the force of the explosion that all the windows were broken.爆炸的威力如此之大,以致所有的窗户都被震破了。 9. only引起的倒装当副词only位于句首并修饰状语或宾语时,引起句子的倒装,其形式通常为部分倒装,如果谓语动词为be的一般现在时或一般过去时,则为完全倒装。如:Only in this way can you solve this problem.只有用这种方法,你才可以解决这个问题。10. 表语位于句首时所引起的倒装当作表语的形容词、副词、介词短语等位于句首时,常常引起倒装,其形式为完全倒装:Aristotle says,“Plato is dear to me,but dearer still is truth.”亚里斯多德说,“吾爱柏拉图,但更爱真理。”11. 状语位于句首时所引起的倒装(1). 当位于句首的状语是一些表示地点的介词短语或表示运动方向的副词(如away,back,down,in,off,out,up)时,常常引起倒装,其形式为全部倒装。如:Away went the runners.赛跑手们刷地跑开了。(2).介词短语作地点状语,放在句首,后面跟的是不及物动词be,come,sit live,stand,lie,exist等时常常引起倒装,其形式为全部倒装。如:Next to the table is a chair.桌旁有把椅子。12. 状语从句中的倒装(1).让步状语从句中的倒装as引导的让步状语从句中的倒装:在as引导的让步状语从句中,位于句首的可以是形容词、名词、副词,还可以是谓语动词的一部分,从而形成从句的部分倒装。如:Tires as he was, he continued the work.虽然他累了,但是仍然继续工作。(2).方式状语从句中的倒装as引导的方式状语从句一般为正常语序,但是,如果主语比谓语长,可将谓语动词置于主语之前,形成完全倒装。如:He believed,as did all his family,that the king was the supreme lord.他和他全家人一样,都认为国王是至高无上的君主。(3).比较状语从句的倒装than引导的比较状语从句中的倒装:由than引导的比较状语从句一般为正常语序。但是,如果主语较长,可将谓语动词置于主语之前,形成完全倒装:Western Nebraska generally receives less snow than does eastern Nebraska.内布拉斯加西部地区的降雪通常比东部地区少。 13. the more...,the more...结构中的倒装在以the more..., the more...引导的倒装结构中,采用部分倒装;如果主句的主语较长,可将谓语动词置于主语之前,形成完全倒装。如:The more books you read(宾语提前),the wider your knowledge is(表语提前).书读得越多,知识就越渊博。

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