可爱谈心
黑火药是我国古代的四大发明之一，距今已有1000多年的历史,黑火药是在适当的外界能量作用下，自身能进行迅速而有规律的燃烧，同时生成大量高温燃气的物质。在军事上主要用作枪弹、炮弹的发射药和火箭的推进剂及其他驱动装置的能源，是弹药的重要组成部分。火药最初主要用于医药，这从其命名的"药"字即可见一斑，后来火药传至欧洲才用于军事.Black powder is one of the four great inventions in ancient China, which has a history of more than 1000 years. Under the action of appropriate external energy, black powder can burn rapidly and regularly, and generate a lot of high-temperature gas at the same time. In military, it is mainly used as the energy source of gun, shell propellant, rocket propellant and other driving devices, and it is an important part of ammunition. Gunpowder was mainly used in medicine at first, as can be seen from its name "medicine". Later, gunpowder was spread to Europe before being used in military
开开｀心心
Gunpowder 火药Handgun from the Yuan dynasty, circa 1300s.Main article: History of gunpowderThe prevailing academic consensus is that gunpowder was discovered in the 9th century by Chinese alchemists searching for an elixir of immortality. By the time the Song Dynasty treatise, Wujing Zongyao (武经总要), was written by Zeng Gongliang and Yang Weide in AD 1044, the various Chinese formulas for gunpowder held levels of nitrate in the range of 27% to 50%. By the end of the 12th century, Chinese formulas of gunpowder had a level of nitrate capable of bursting through cast iron metal containers, in the form of the earliest hollow, gunpowder-filled grenade bombs.In AD 1280, the bomb store of the large gunpowder arsenal at Weiyang accidentally caught fire, which produced such a massive explosion that a team of Chinese inspectors at the site a week later deduced that some 100 guards had been killed instantly, with wooden beams and pillars blown sky high and landing at a distance of over 10 li (~2 mi. or ~3.2 km) away from the explosion.By the time of Jiao Yu and his Huolongjing in the mid 14th century, the explosive potential of gunpowder was perfected, as the level of nitrate in gunpowder formulas had risen to a range of 12% to 91%, with at least 6 different formulas in use that are considered to have maximum explosive potential for gunpowder. By that time, the Chinese had discovered how to create explosive cannonballs by packing their hollow shells with this nitrate-enhanced gunpowder.
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