雨兰共舞
这两个词都属于经济学术语Absolute advantage (绝对优势):the comparison among producers of a good according to their productivity 依据生产者的产量在一种商品的生产者之间所作的比较Comparative advantage (相对优势、比较优势):the comparison among producers of a good according to their opportunity cost 依据生产者的机会成本在一种商品的生产者之间所做的比较注: opportunity cost (机会成本)whatever must be given up to obtain some item 获得一些商品而必须放弃的任何成本 (经济学家也认为机会成本是将公司的资源运用在下一项最有盈利的项目所需预计的盈利 引自Lexisnexis 英汉法律词典)举例:Robinson Crusoe can gather 10 coconuts or catch 1 fish per hour. His friend Friday can gather 30 coconuts or catch 2 fish per hour.Question: (1) Who has an absolute advantage in catching fish?(2) What is Crusoe’s opportunity cost of catching one fish? What is Friday’s?(3) Who has a comparative advantage in catching fish?解析:根据题干已知条件列表表一 Absolute advantage Unit: Per hour Coconuts FishCrusoe 10 1Friday 30 2 通过表一可计算出Crusoe钓鱼的产量是每小时1条,Friday钓鱼的产量是每半小时1条(或者说每小时2条),故显然Friday钓鱼有绝对优势。其实同理可知Friday摘椰子也有绝对优势。表二 Opportunity cost 1 coconut 1 fishCrusoe 1/10 fish 10 coconutsFriday 1/5 fish 15 coconuts简单做除法计算可知, Crusoe钓鱼的机会成本是每钓1条鱼就要放弃摘10个椰子而Friday钓鱼的机会成本则为每钓1条鱼就要放弃15个椰子,因而我们可以理解实际上Crusoe钓鱼的机会成本要比Friday小,即前者比后者因钓鱼所放弃的成本更小,因此从经济学角度来看,让Crusoe来钓鱼,Friday来摘椰子更经济可行,我们因此也得出另一个结论:Crusoe相比于Friday在钓鱼方面更有比较优势(即相对优势)。参考: 概念和例子来源于曼昆《经济学原理》(第3版 英文版,清华大学出版社 2006年) 第三章 相互依存性与贸易的好处经济学问题有兴趣,共同切磋,共同学习!满意请加赏分,给个好评,谢谢!
幽深的猫巷
优点cooperative, unity,more powerful, collect different opinions, divide tasks, mind-storm, help each other缺点may cause conflictslack of independence
shchengzhang
你好,是这样的:加盟商机 -Joined business opportunities加盟优势 -Advantages of joining加盟方案 -Join the programme投资收益 -Investment income加盟问答 -Join quiz开业有礼 -Opening polite加盟流程 -Join process企业文化 -Corporate Culture品牌形象 -Brand精英团队 -Elite Force战略合作 -Strategic cooperation