科学主题的英文

科学的英文是：science

science 读法 英 ['saɪəns]  美 ['saɪəns]

n. 科学；技术；学科；理科

短语：

1、agricultural science 农业科学；农学

2、life science [医]生命科学

3、materials science 材料科学；材料学

4、management science 管理科学；经营管理学

5、material science 材料科学

一、science的用法：

1、science的基本意思是“科学”,指通过观察或实验来反映自然、社会、思维等的客观规律的分科的知识体系,是不可数名词。

2、science作“学科”解时,多指理科的一门学科,如生物学、化学、物理学、工程学,有时可特指数学,偶尔也可指文科课程,一般用作可数名词。一般也不加冠词,但在the natural science和the social science中须加定冠词。

二、science的近义词：technology

technology 读法 英 [tek'nɒlədʒɪ]  美 [tɛkˈnɑlədʒɪ]

n. 技术；工艺；术语

短语：

1、process technology 加工工艺学

2、modern technology 现代技术；现代科技

3、institute of technology 理工学院；技术学院

4、digital technology 数字技术

5、latest technology 最新科技；最新工艺

The development of science and technology makes our life more comfortable and convenient. However, scientists have created many problems, which are not easy to be resolved, such as air pollution, the deterioration of environment and the scarcity of natural resources, to which we must some solutions. Modern science and technology render people many advantages. Modern telecommunication shortens the distance between people and makes communication much easier. Internet is widely used now not only for collection of abundant information but also for correspondence. Email, the most effective communication device now, is becoming very popular. Besides, telephone and mobile phone make contact more convenient than before. Modern transportation, such as airplanes and high-speed trains make our journey smooth and fast. With the help of modern transportation, people can go everywhere they prefer to. The journey to outer space and other planets is not a dream any more. Rockets and space shuttles can help us realize the dream of space travel. Modern medicine prolongs peoples life and relieves patients of sufferings from many diseases. Cancer and AIDS are fatal to peoples health. Thanks to the endeavors scientists have made, these diseases become treatable. However, the process of scientific development also arouses many sever problems to our human beings. Internet, though widely used in modern communication, is easy to be destroyed by computer virus. Outer space exploration has produced much waste in the space. A tiny metal, a screw, for example can destroy a flying man-made satellite. Industrialization is making natural resources become scarce. Confronted with these problems, scientists are seeking prompt and feasible solutions. The development of science and technology bring about both positive and negative effects to us. We must eliminate the positive effects to the least extent.可以自己删减 在提供一篇翻译的：现代科技使生活更加便捷(Modern Technology Makes Life More Convenient) Modern technology makes life more convenient; tools are the milestores of the technology as well as human being’ s progress. Men used to cut trees with hand saw. But now, by using electronic saw they can cut down a tree in only a few minutes. Another example is more vivid: You have something urgent which has to be informed to your friend whose house is two hour’s ride away. You probably want to make a phone call. But no telephone is installed in your friend’ s home. What could you do? Nowadays, with modern technology advanting, using internet is popular with us. Some years ago, people had to get what they wanted through looking into a lot of information; at last people could become tired and spent too much time. Now, if you use Internet, all becomes a piece of cake. Only by clucking, you will gain what you expect. We all hope that modern technology will reach a higher level, because modern technology makes life more convenient indeed. [参考译文] 现代科技使生活更加便捷 现代科技使生活更加便捷；工具是科技进步和人类进步的里程碑。人类过去用手锯锯树，但是现在，用电锯可在几分钟内锯倒一棵树。另外一个例子更加生动形象：如果你有急事通知你的朋友，而他家距你家有2小时的路程，你可能想打个电话。但是你的朋友家又没安电话，你该怎么办?如今，随着现代科技的进步，使用网络已很流行。若干年前，人们不得不查找大量资料来搜集需要的信息，最后人累得疲惫不堪，还浪费了大量时间。现在，如果使用网络，一切就都是小菜一碟了。只要轻敲键盘，就会有求必应。 我们都期待着现代科技能达到一个更高的水平，因为现代科技确实使生活变得更便捷。Science and technology have changed our life thoroughly throughout the history, especially in the last century. There is a prevailing understanding about science and technology among the general public that they are the same thing of two different names but they are acutally two things. Science is kind of series of theorrtical concepts and people can accept it or not, and it will not affect commom people's life to a large extent, but it's a different way when it comes to technology because technology has more pratical effect on people. People have to endure the results of the pactical applicance of technology whether they are good or not, such as the air pollution, and it all happens without people's acceptance, for it all depends on the local governments' or even the nations' decision.人工翻译 希望满意~

Phonograph - History

The first great invention developed by Edison in Menlo Park was the tin foil phonograph. While working to improve the efficiency of a telegraph transmitter, he noted that the tape of the machine gave off a noise resembling spoken words when played at a high speed. This caused him to wonder if he could record a telephone message. He began experimenting with the diaphragm of a telephone receiver by attaching a needle to it. He reasoned that the needle could prick paper tape to record a message. His experiments led him to try a stylus on a tinfoil cylinder, which, to his great surprise, played back the short message he recorded, "Mary had a little lamb."

The word phonograph was the trade name for Edison's device, which played cylinders rather than discs. The machine had two needles: one for recording and one for playback. When you spoke into the mouthpiece, the sound vibrations of your voice would be indented onto the cylinder by the recording needle. This cylinder phonograph was the first machine that could record and reproduce sound created a sensation and brought Edison international fame.

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Electricity and Lightbulb - History

Thomas Edison's greatest challenge was the development of a practical incandescent, electric light. Contrary to popular belief, he didn't "invent" the lightbulb, but rather he improved upon a 50-year-old idea. In 1879, using lower current electricity, a small carbonized filament, and an improved vacuum inside the globe, he was able to produce a reliable, long-lasting source of light. The idea of electric lighting was not new, and a number of people had worked on, and even developed forms of electric lighting. But up to that time, nothing had been developed that was remotely practical for home use. Edison's eventual achievement was inventing not just an incandescent electric light, but also an electric lighting system that contained all the elements necessary to make the incandescent light practical, safe, and economical. After one and a half years of work, success was achieved when an incandescent lamp with a filament of carbonized sewing thread burned for thirteen and a half hours.

There are a couple of other interesting things about the invention of the light bulb: While most of the attention was on the discovery of the right kind of filament that would work, Edison actually had to invent a total of seven system elements that were critical to the practical application of electric lights as an alternative to the gas lights that were prevalent in that day.

These were the development of:

1.the parallel circuit,

2.a durable light bulb,

3.an improved dynamo,

4.the underground conductor network,

5.the devices for maintaining constant voltage,

6.safety fuses and insulating materials, and

7.light sockets with on-off switches.

Before Edison could make his millions, every one of these elements had to be invented and then, through careful trial and error, developed into practical, reproducible components. The first public demonstration of the Thomas Edison's incandescent lighting system was in December 1879, when the Menlo Park laboratory complex was electrically lighted. Edison spent the next several years creating the electric industry.

The modern electric utility industry began in the 1880s. It evolved from gas and electric carbon-arc commercial and street lighting systems. On September 4, 1882, the first commercial power station, located on Pearl Street in lower Manhattan, went into operation providing light and electricity power to customers in a one square mile area; the electric age had begun. Thomas Edison's Pearl Street electricity generating station introduced four key elements of a modern electric utility system. It featured reliable central generation, efficient distribution, a successful end use (in 1882, the light bulb), and a competitive price. A model of efficiency for its time, Pearl Street used one-third the fuel of its predecessors, burning about 10 pounds of coal per kilowatt hour, a "heat rate" equivalent of about 138,000 Btu per kilowatt hour. Initially the Pearl Street utility served 59 customers for about 24 cents per kilowatt hour. In the late 1880s, power demand for electric motors brought the industry from mainly nighttime lighting to 24-hour service and dramatically raised electricity demand for transportation and industry needs. By the end of the 1880s, small central stations dotted many U.S. cities; each was limited to a few blocks area because of transmission inefficiencies of direct current (dc).

The success of his electric light brought Thomas Edison to new heights of fame and wealth, as electricity spread around the world. His various electric companies continued to grow until in 1889 they were brought together to form Edison General Electric. Despite the use of Edison in the company title however, he never controlled this company. The tremendous amount of capital needed to develop the incandescent lighting industry had necessitated the involvement of investment bankers such as J.P. Morgan. When Edison General Electric merged with its leading competitor Thompson-Houston in 1892, Edison was dropped from the name, and the company became simply General Electric.

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科学 science 科学正在进步中。 Science is on the march.