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jinyulan1985

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1.“shouting and crying outside”前加fromkeep sb. from doing sth. 表示阻止某人做某事2.“was written by Charles Dickens”前加which/that,或者把was去掉同一句子不能出现两个或以上的谓语3.as well改成eitheras well、too只能用于肯定句,否定句中用either4.any thing应该写成anything;else去掉这里else和定语从句“I can do for you”有冲突5.hope改为wishwish后可接虚拟语气,hope不行6.joys去掉s这里作为抽象名词,不用复数7.told前面加are这里是被动语态,要加be动词8.at the end 改为by the end“by the end of last semester”是“到上学期末为止”的意思。前面用的是过去完成时,是经过一段时间直到上学期末学了5000个单词,这里有时间的连续性,所以不能用at。

英语改错及详解

81 评论(14)

foxbaby168

导语:考生在高考英语短文改错中往往失分较多,那么如何做好改错题呢?我想除了平时打好基础外,在应考时还要做到以下几点。有哪几点呢?接下来就让我们一起来了解一下吧。详细,无论各科的学习,最后一个多月只要重视突出,肯下苦功总会见效果。

(一)动词形:主要包括两类错误:动词的时态和语态错误,以及主、谓不一致的错误。动词形常见错误:

1) 一般过去时与一般 现在时错用。

2)第三人称单数形式错用。

3) and 前后动词时态不一致。(and具有对称性)

4) 主谓不一致。

5) 缺少谓语动词(尤其缺be动词)

6) 主动语态与被动语态错用

7)Used to 的运用错误

(二)名词数:指名词单、复数形式的用法错误。常表现为将名词复数写成单数。改正方法:

1)根据名词前的修饰限定成份.

2)根据上下文的逻辑关系.

(三)还要注意形和副:注意形容词和副词在句子中的作用和具体用法。这也是高考短文改错题的常考点。

命题特点及改正方法:主要考查形容词和副词的误用、形容词及副词的比较级等。根据adj或adv的基本用法确定错误;修饰连系动词或名词用形容词;修饰行为动词、形容词、过去分词及整个句子用副词。

(四)非谓语,细辨别:这是考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有现在分词、过去分词,动名词和不定式错误。1)不定式2)动名词作主语、宾语3)and 连接的不定式或动名词前后一致(尤其距离较远时) 4)现在分词和过去分词的区别等。

(五)习惯用法要记住:主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识,其错误表现形式主要有三种:多词、少词和搭配错误。

(六)句子成分多分析:不同的句子成分要用不同的词类;不同的语境要选择不同的词语。只有对句子结构和成分作细致的'分析,才能找出用词不当的错误。

(七)逻辑错误须关注:与句子的上、下文不一致,甚至相矛盾,属于逻辑性错误,如称谓上的张冠李戴。

(八)冠词连词常光顾:常考的错误形式有:连词but, and, or和so的用法错误,以及冠词的用法错误等。

三.短文改错小结

做短文改错应采取六个步骤和四不改。

详解:六个步骤:

(1)通读短文,整体把握短文大意。 (2)细读全文,逐句分析,把握结构,逐一作答。

(3)粗略分析词法、句法、逻辑上是否有问题。 (4)逐行修改,先易后难。

(5)复读全文,验证答案。 (6)要注意答题是否合乎规范。

四不改:

①标点符号不改。②大小写不改。③词序错误不改(不是不改,而是按错词或少词来改)。

④在纲外生词不改。文中出现带汉语注释的词,在句中不可能用错.

反复通读,复查验证。解题注意要点和能力培养:

1.核对错项时,若的确有一时难以改出的地方,可以参考所改动项是否基本符合“1:1:8”的比例。即多一词1个,缺词1个,错词8个。

2.核对改正的语法项目是否有重复。因为短文改错往往覆盖面广,一般不会出现重复考查某个语法点的现象。

3.核对答题符号是否规范,位置是否准确,看看有无遗漏符号,忽略字母大小写和拼写等问题。

短文改错解题思路和检查原则:

1.句中各部分的结构是否完整,特别是每个句子要有动词;

2. 谓语动词的时态、语态;

3.非谓语动词的用法;

4.名词的单、复数,格的使用是否正确;

5.定冠词和不定冠词是否正确;

6.代词的格和性的使用是否有误;

7.定语从句中关系代词、副词是否准确无误;

8.并列句中的并列连词、主从复合句中的从属连词用的是否得当。短文改错解题四原则:改动以最少为原则; 虚词以添加或删除为原则; 实词以改变词形为原则以保持句子原意为原则。短文改错解题步骤:通读全文,掌握大意; 整句分析,逐行推敲。

短文改错常见错误类型:

1. 谓语动词的错误是历年考试的重点和热点,常见动词错误类型有:

①一般现在时与一般过去时错用;

②and前后动词时态不一致;

③主谓不一致;

④缺少动词,特别是be动词;

⑤第三人称单数形式错用;

⑥主动语态和被动语态错用。

Theydid not want me to do any work at home; they want me to devote allmy time to my studies.(did改为do,错误类型属于①) ;

As weclimbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and toldstories. (visiting 改为visited, 错误类型属于②);

Therewill an important game next month. (will后加be,错误类型属于④);

Oneevening she told me that something happened when her parents wasout. ( was 改为were,错误类型属于③)。

2. 名词的常见错误:

单复数名词错用,可数名词与不可数名词错用。I’ll get good marks in all mysubject.(subject改为subjects) Theirword were a great encouragement to me.(word改为words) Withoutenough knowledges, you can never teach well.(knowledges改为knowledge)。

3. 连词错误:

连词包括关系代词、副词,并列连词and/ or/but等。关于连词,一般考查从句关系who/whom/whose/what/which/how/why/when/where/if/whether等。 I havea good friend who’s name is Liu Mei. (错用了who的所有格形式,改为whose) I teachthem, play with them, but watch them growing up.(此处应该是并列的关系而非转折,but改为and) Cleveras she is, but she works very hard.(as意为“尽管”,不能再跟but连用,所以去掉but)。

4. 冠词错误:

误用a和an(根据单词的第一个音素来判定);误用a/an和the(固定搭配,或泛指、特指;多冠词或少冠词) We maybe one family and live under a same roof. (a 改为the,thesame 是固定搭配) Aseveryone knows, it’s famous mountain with all kinds ofpants. (mountain是可数名词需用冠词,所以其前加a) I hopeyou have pleasant journey.(journey是可数名词,故have后加a)。

5. 形容词和副词错误:

系动词后用形容词(be/am/is/are/was/were/become/go/感官性动词smell/feel);词性的误用(形容词修饰名词;副词修饰动词、形容词)。I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully timetogether. (time是名词所以要用形容词wonderful修饰) Mypronunciation was terribly.(was后用形容词,terribly改为terrible.)。

6. 代词错误:

代词的主格和宾格(I / me;he/him; she/ her; we/ us they/ them )错误;反身代词(myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves)使用错误;代词的单数和复数使用错误;代词指代错误;多代词或少代词。 Soon Ibegan to enjoy talking to myself on paper as I was learning toexpress me in simple English. (me 改为myself) One dayI wrote a little story and showed to my teacher.(to前加it) If anyone of us had any difficulty in our life and study, the other wouldhelp him out. (other后加s) What’smore, you have to be friends with your pupils and take good care ofhim. (him改为them)。

7. 非谓语动词的常见错误:

不定式、动名词作主语、宾语时;and连接的不定式或动名词前后不一致(尤其距离较远时);介词后用动名词形式作宾语;某些动词后要求接动名词或不定式。 Soon Ibegan to enjoy talk to myself on paper. (enjoy 后需接动名词,talk改为talking) But hisparents think go to college is more important than playing sports.(go作主语,应改为going) Children may not develop the habit of read and the abilityto enjoy themselves. (介词后用动名词形式作宾语,read改为reading) Iparticularly enjoyed driving through the countryside with you andsaw the changing colors of the leaves on the trees. (and连接的不定式或动名词前后不一致,故saw改为seeing)。

8. 介词错误:

词组中的介词误用;介词意思理解偏差;介词的多用或少用 Thereare too many people among my family. (among改为in,in myfamily 为固定搭配) I wasso tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched thepillow. (去掉at, themoment 引导从句)。

127 评论(12)

julystar77

一. 动词形

主要包括两类错误:动词的时态和语态错误,以及主、谓不一致的错误。例如:

My favourite sport is football. I was member of our school football team. (is)

Now my picture and prize is hanging in the library. (are)

上述两例分别属于时态错误和主、谓不一致错误。找出此类错误的关键是树立牢固的时态概念,注意短文内容发生或存在的时间,保持时间概念的一致性。

二. 名词数

指名词单、复数形式的用法错误。常表现为将名词复数写成单数。例如:

so that Ill get good marks in all my subject. (subjects)

三. 区分形和副

及区分形容词和副词在句子中的作用和具体用法。这也是高考短文改错的常考点。例如:

Im sure well have a wonderfully time together. (wonderful)

Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family. (Unfortunately)

需要注意的是,形容词多用来做定、表、补语等,而副词只能在句子中作状语,修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。第一例中的wonderful作定语修饰time,第二句的Unfortunately作状语修饰整个句子。

四. 非谓动词细辨别

这是考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有分词和动名词类错误,也包括不定式类错误。例如:

in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football. (interested)

Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also(playing)

My parents love me and will do all they can ∧ make sure (to)

上述二、三例分别是动名词作主语,和不定式作目的状语。一般的,现在分词有主动态和进行时的含义,而过去分词具有被动态和完成时的含义,不定式有将来时态的含义。

五. 习惯用法要记住

主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识。这也是历年高考的常考点,其错误表现形式主要有三种:多词、少词和搭配错误。例如:

It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station and (of)

We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ∧ ourselves. (of)

六. 句子成分多分析

不同的句子成分要用不同的词类;不同的语景要选择不同的词语。这些都有待我们对句子结构和句子成分作细致的分析,才能找出用词不当的错误。例如:

They ∧eager to know everything about China and (were)

I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. (which)

第一例漏掉了谓语动词were,这是受寒于习惯的影响而导致的错误;第二例则是词类与它在句子中的成分不相符,where是副词,不能作主语。

七. 逻辑错误须关注

与句子的上、下文不一致,甚至相矛盾,属于逻辑性错误。如称谓上的张冠李戴,人名、地名、时间、方位等方面的错误,常是这类错误的考查对象。例如:

The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. (their)

First, let me tell you something more about myself. (去掉more)

no way of setting the matter except by selling the set.Now someone at home reads instead. (everyone)

上述第一例中的主语是Smiths(史密斯夫妇俩),因此后面的his不合逻辑。第二例中的more在这儿表再的意思,才开始告诉别人,怎么能说再告诉你一些事?第三例讲的是为了解决看电视时的争端,我们把电视机卖了;晚上没电视看了,所以与从前一样,大家又都读书了,所以该用everyone。

除了上述错误类型外,常考的错误形式还有:连词but, and, or和so的用法错误(可以归类为逻辑错误),以及冠词的用法错误等。例如:

She was smiling but nodding at me. (and)

It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest. (or)

We may be one family and live under a same roof. (the)

下面是2002年全国高考试题中的短文改错题。这道题较全面地反映了本文的口诀。现在请你试着做一做,然后参阅题后的答案与简析。

Last week my parents and I took a two-day trip to Emei

Mountain in Sichuan. As everyone knows,its famous 76. _____

Mountain with all kinds of plants and animals. The weather 77. _____

Was fine. It was about noon we arrived at the foot of 78. _____

the mountain,the three of them were very excited. As we 79. _____

climbed the mountain,we ed monkeys,visiting temples 80. _____

and told stories. On the way up I was busy taking picture 81._____

since the scenery was so beautiful. The time passes quickly. 82. _____

Evening came down. We spent the night in a hotel at the top 83. _____

of the mountain. The food was expensive and the service was 84. _____

good. I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my 85. _____

head touched the pillow.

答案与简析:

76. famous前加上a.(名词数)

77. 正确

78. we前面加when,引导一个时间状语从句。(句子成分多分析)

79. themus (逻辑错误须关注)

80. visitingvisited(非谓动词细辨别)

81. picturepictures(名词数)

82. passespassed(动词形)

83. 去掉down(习惯用法要记住)

84. andbut(but,and,or和so)

85. 去掉at(句子成分多分析 / 习惯用法要记住)

形容词和副词

1.“as+形容词+(a/an)+名词+as”表示同级比较,注意中间的形容词和名词并列时各自所在的位置。

It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.

人们普遍认为,教学是一门科学,同时也是一门艺术。

2.“as+形容词/副词的原级+as”与“not as/so+形容词/副词的原级+as”表示同级比较,即两个或两部分人或物在性质上或程度上相同(不同)。

The work is not as/so difficult as you imagine.

这项工作不是像你想像的那么难。

3.“the+比较级+of the two +名词”表示“两者中较……的那个”。

The taller of the two boys is my brother.

两个男孩中较高的那位是我哥哥。

4.a+形容词比较级+n.……

After two years’ research,we have a far better understanding of the disease.

研究两年之后,现在我们对这种病有更好的理解。

We went to the USA in search of a better life.

为了寻找更美好的生活我们去了美国。

5.比较级的修饰语常见的有:rather,much,still,even,far,any(用于否定句或疑问句),a lot,a little,a great deal,by far,a bit 等。

The students study even harder than before.

学生们学习比以前更努力了。

A car runs a great deal faster than a bike.

汽车比自行车跑得快得多。

6.最高级

(1)最高级的修饰语常见的有:序数词,by far,nearly,almost,by no means,not really,not quite,nothing like。

The bridge being built now is by far the longest across the Yellow River.

目前正在建的那座桥是横跨黄河之上的桥当中最长的桥。

I’d like to buy the second most expensive camera.

我想买仅次于最贵的照相机。

(2)否定词+比较级=最高级。

There is no greater love than that of a man who lays down his life for his friends.

为朋友而放弃生命的人的爱是最伟大的爱。

—Are you satisfied with what he said at the meeting?

——你对他在会议上说的满意吗?

—No.It couldn’t have been worse.

——不,不能再差了。

7.表示倍数的句型:

(1)A is+倍数+比较级+than+B

(2)A is+倍数+as+原级+as+B

(3)A is+倍数+the+名词(size,length,height 等)+of+B

(4)A is+倍数+that+of+B

(5)A is+倍数+what 引导的名词性从句

①This building is three times higher than that one.

This building is three times as high as that one.

This building is three times the height of that one.

这个建筑物是那个建筑物的3倍高。

②The output of this year is 3 times that of 2008.

=The output of this year is 3 times what it was in 2008.

今年的产量是2008年的三倍。

③After the new technique was introduced,the factory produced twice as many cars in 2008 as the year before.

自从新技术被引进以后,这家工厂2008年生产的小汽车是上一年的两倍。

8、形容词修饰名词,说明事物或人的性质或特征。

1)性质形容词有级的变化,可以用程度副词修饰,在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如:hot

2)叙述形容词只能作表语,所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化,也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如:afraid,

afraid,alike,alive,alone,asleep,awake, well,unwell,ill,faint等。

3)形容词作定语修饰名词时,要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为字尾的词语时,要放在这些词之后,例如:something nice

9、以-ly结尾的形容词

1) 大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但 friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively,ugly,brotherly,仍为形容词。

2)有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词,也为副词。

daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,early

The Times is a daily paper.

The Times is published daily.

10、用形容词表示类别和整体

1) 某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人,与谓语动词的复数连接。如:the dead,the living,the rich,the poor,the blind,the hungry等。

The poor are losing hope.

2) 有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体,与动词的复数连用。

the British,the English,the French,the Chinese.

The English have wonderful sense of humor.

多个形容词修饰名词的顺序

11、多个形容词修饰名词时,其顺序为:

限定词+数量词(序前基后)+性状形容词+大小、长短、高低等形体+新旧+颜色+国籍+材料

those + three + beautiful + large + square+ old + brown + wood + table s

2误区提醒

1.形近、意近词的混用 2. 形容词的句法功能用错 3.复合形容词的构成不熟悉4.多个形容词作定语时排序不清 5.形容词的比较等级用错

【典型例题】:

1) One day they crossed the ____bridge behind the palace.

A. old Chinese stone B. Chinese old stone

C. old stone Chinese D. Chinese stone old

解析:错选B。 几个形容词修饰一个名词,他们的排列顺序是:年龄,形状,大小+颜色+来源+质地+用途+国家+名词。正确答案A.

2)It’s a relief for us to know that something _____ is being done to rebuild the schools destroyed in the quake.

A. competitive B. passive C. sensitive D. positive

解析:因形近形容词分辨不清而错选其他。根据题意,本句话表达“我们了解到,为了重建在地震中被破坏的学校,正在采取一些积极的措施”。空处应填“积极的”,正确答案为D。

3)--- Our women athletes achieved great success in the Vancouver Olympic Winter Games.

--- Yes. No one could have a_____ performance,I think.

A.well B. better C. best D. the best

解析:因形容词比较等级用法没掌握好而错选C. 此处应用比较级表最高级意思。正确答案为B。

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