雪蓝的枫叶
在英语语言四项基本技能(听,说,读,写)中,语言交际能力的培养一直占据着不可或缺的重要地位,于是如何提高学生的英语交际水平一直是研究人员和英语教师长期以来共同关心的话题。我分享有关经典英语美文，希望可以帮助大家!有关经典英语美文：The Road to Success It is well that young men should begin at the beginning and occupy the most subordinatepositions. Many of the leading businessmen of Pittsburgh had a serious responsibility thrustupon them at the very threshold of their career. They were introduced to the broom, and spentthe first hours of their business lives sweeping out the office. I notice we have janitors andjanitresses now in offices, and our young men unfortunately miss that salutary branch ofbusiness education. But if by chance the professional sweeper is absent any morning, the boywho has the genius of the future partner in him will not hesitate to try his hand at the broom.It does not hurt the newest comer to sweep out the office if necessary. I was one of thosesweepers myself. Assuming that you have all obtained employment and are fairly started, my advice to you is “aimhigh”. I would not give a fig for the young man who does not already see himself the partneror the head of an important firm. Do not rest content for a moment in your thoughts as headclerk, or foreman, or general manager in any concern, no matter how extensive. Say toyourself, “My place is at the top.” Be king in your dreams. And here is the prime condition of success, the great secret: concentrate your energy,thought, and capital exclusively upon the business in which you are engaged. Having begun inone line, resolve to fight it out on that line, to lead in it, adopt every improvement, have thebest machinery, and know the most about it. The concerns which fail are those which have scattered their capital, which means that they havescattered their brains also. They have investments in this, or that, or the other, here there, andeverywhere. “Don’t put all your eggs in one basket.” is all wrong. I tell you to “put all your eggsin one basket, and then watch that basket.” Look round you and take notice, men who do thatnot often fail. It is easy to watch and carry the one basket. It is trying to carry too manybaskets that breaks most eggs in this country. He who carries three baskets must put one onhis head, which is apt to tumble and trip him up. One fault of the American businessman is lackof concentration. To summarize what I have said: aim for the highest; never enter a bar room; do not touchliquor, or if at all only at meals; never speculate; never indorse beyond your surplus cashfund; make the firm’s interest yours; break orders always to save owners; concentrate; put allyour eggs in one basket, and watch that basket; expenditure always within revenue; lastly, benot impatient, for as Emerson says, “no one can cheat you out of ultimate success butyourselves.” 成功之道 年轻人创业之初，应该从最底层干起，这是件好事。匹兹保有很多商业巨头，在他们创业之初，都肩负过“重任”：他们以扫帚相伴，以打扫办公室的方式度过了他们商业生涯中最初的时光。我注意到我们现在办公室里都有工友，于是年轻人就不幸错过了商业 教育 中这个有益的环节。如果碰巧哪天上午专职扫地的工友没有来，某个具有未来合伙人气质的年轻人会毫不犹豫地试着拿起扫帚。在必要时新来的员工扫扫地也无妨，不会因为而有什么损失。我自己就曾经扫过地。 假如你已经被录用，并且有了一个良好的开端，我对你的建议是：要志存高远。一个年轻人，如果不把自己想象成一家大公司未来的老板或者是合伙人，那我会对他不屑一顾。不论职位有多高，你的内心都不要满足于做一个总管，领班或者总经理。要对自己说：我要迈向顶尖!要做就做你梦想中的国王! 成功的首要条件和最大秘诀就是：把你的精力，思想和资本全都集中在你正从事的事业上。一旦开始从事某种职业，就要下定决心在那一领域闯出一片天地来;做这一行的领导人物，采纳每一点改进之心，采用最优良的设备，对专业知识熟稔于心。 一些公司的失败就在于他们分散了资金，因为这就意味着分散了他们的精力。他们向这方面投资，又向那方面投资;在这里投资，在那里投资，到处都投资。“不要把所有的鸡蛋放在一个篮子里”的说法大错特错。我要对你说：“把所有的鸡蛋都放在一个篮子里，然后小心地看好那个篮子。”看看你周围，你会注意到：这么做的人其实很少失败。看管和携带一个篮子并不太难。人们总是试图提很多篮子，所以才打破这个国家的大部分鸡蛋。提三个篮子的人，必须把一个顶在头上，而这个篮子很可能倒下来，把他自己绊倒。美国商人的一个缺点就是不够专注。 把我的话归纳一下：要志存高远;不要出入酒吧;要滴酒不沾，或要喝也只在用餐时喝少许;不要做投机买卖;不要寅吃卯粮;要把公司的利益当作自己的利益;取消订货的目的永远是为了挽救货主;要专注;要把所有的鸡蛋放在一个篮子里，然后小心地看好它;要量入为出;最后，要有耐心，正如爱默生所言，“谁都无法阻止你最终成功，除非你自己承认自己失败。” 有关经典英语美文：On Meeting the Celebrated I have always wondered at the passion many people have to meet the celebrated. Theprestige you acquire by being able to tell your friends that you know famous men proves onlythat you are yourself of small account. The celebrated develop a technique to deal with thepersons they come across. They show the world a mask, often an impressive on, but takecare to conceal their real selves. They play the part that is expected from them, and withpractice learn to play it very well, but you are stupid if you think that this public performanceof theirs corresponds with the man within. I have been attached, deeply attached, to a few people; but I have been interested in men ingeneral not for their own sakes, but for the sake of my work. I have not, as Kant enjoined,regarded each man as an end in himself, but as material that might be useful to me as a writer.I have been more concerned with the obscure than with the famous. They are more oftenthemselves. They have had no need to create a figure to protect themselves from the world orto impress it. Their idiosyncrasies have had more chance to develop in the limited circle oftheir activity, and since they have never been in the public eye it has never occurred to themthat they have anything to conceal. They display their oddities because it has never struckthem that they are odd. And after all it is with the common run of men that we writers have todeal; kings, dictators, commercial magnates are from our point of view very unsatisfactory.To write about them is a venture that has often tempted writers, but the failure that hasattended their efforts shows that such beings are too exceptional to form a proper ground fora work of art. They cannot be made real. The ordinary is the writer’s richer field. Itsunexpectedness, its singularity, its infinite variety afford unending material. The great manis too often all of a piece; it is the little man that is a bundle of contradictory elements. He isinexhaustible. You never come to the end of the surprises he has in store for you. For my partI would much sooner spend a month on a desert island with a veterinary surgeon than with aprime minister. 论见名人 许多人热衷于见名人，我始终不得其解。在朋友面前吹嘘自己认识某某名人，同此而来的声望只能证明自己的微不足道。名人个个练就了一套处世高招，无论遇上谁，都能应付自如。他们给世人展现的是一副面具，常常是美好难忘的面具，但他们会小心翼翼地掩盖自己的真相。他们扮演的是大家期待的角色，演得多了，最后都能演得惟妙惟肖。如果你还以为他们在公众面前的表演就是他们的真实自我，那就你傻了。 我自己就喜欢一些人，非常喜欢他们。但我对人感兴趣一般不是因为他们自身的缘故，而是出于我工作需求。正如康德劝告的那样，我从来没有把认识某人作为目的，而是将其当作对一个作家有用的创作素材。比之名流显士，我更加关注无名小卒。他们常常显得较为自然真实，他们无须再创造另一个人物形象，用他来保护自己不受世人干扰，或者用他来感动世人。他们的社交圈子有限，自己的种种癖性也就越有可能得到滋长。因为他们从来没有引起公众的关注，也就从来没有想到过要隐瞒什么。他们会表露他们古怪的一面，因为他们从来就没有觉得有何古怪。总之，作家要写的是普通人。在我们看来，国王，独裁者和商界大亨等都是不符合条件的。去撰写这些人物经常是作家们难以抗拒的冒险之举，可为此付出的努力不免以失败告终，这说明这些人物都过于特殊，无法成为一件艺术作品的创作根基，作家也不可能把他们写得真真切切。老百姓才是作家的创作沃土，他们或变幻无常，或难觅其二，各式人物应有尽有，这些都给作家提供了无限的创作素材。大人物经常是千人一面，小人物身上才有一组组矛盾元素，是取之不尽的创作源泉，让你惊喜不断。就我而言，如果在孤岛上度过一个月，我宁愿和一名兽医相守，也不愿同一位首相做伴。 有关经典英语美文：When Love Beckons You When love beckons to you, follow him, though his ways are hard and steep. And when hiswings enfold you, yield to him, though the sword hidden among his pinions may wound you.And when he speaks to you, believe in him, though his voice may shatter your dreams as thenorth wind lays waste the garden. For even as love crowns you so shall he crucify you. Even as he is for your growth so is he foryour pruning. Even as he ascends to your height and caresses your tenderest branches thatquiver in the sun, so shall he descend to our roots and shake them in their clinging to theearth. But if, in your fear, you would seek only love’s peace and love’s pleasure, then it is better foryou that you cover your nakedness and pass out of love’s threshing-floor, into the seasonless world where youshall laugh, but not all of your laughter, and weep, but not all of your tears. Love gives naughtbut it self and takes naught but from itself. Love possesses not, nor would it be possessed, forlove is sufficient unto love. Love has no other desire but to fulfill itself. But if you love and must have desires, let these beyour desires: To melt and be like a running brook that sings its melody to the night. To know the pain of too much tenderness. To be wounded by your own understanding of love; And to bleed willingly and joyfully. To wake at dawn with a winged heart and give thanks for another day of loving; To rest at the noon hour and meditate love’s ecstasy; To return home at eventide with gratitude; And then to sleep with a payer for the beloved in your heart and a song of praise upon yourlips. 爱的召唤 当爱召唤你时，请追随她，尽管爱的道路艰难险峻。当爱的羽翼拥抱你时，请顺从她，尽管隐藏在其羽翼之下的剑可能会伤到你。当爱向你诉说时，请相信她，尽管她的声音可能打破你的梦想，就如同北风吹落花园里所有的花瓣。 爱会给你戴上桂冠，也会折磨你。爱会助你成长，也会给你修枝。爱会上升到枝头，抚爱你在阳光下颤动力的嫩枝，也会下潜至根部，撼动力你紧抓泥土的根基。 但是，如果你在恐惧之中只想寻求爱的平和与快乐，那你就最好掩盖真实的自我，避开爱的考验，进入不分季节的世界，在那里你将欢笑，但并非开怀大笑，你将哭泣，但并非尽情地哭。爱只将自己付出，也只得到自己。爱一无所有，也不会为谁所有，因为爱本身就已自足。 爱除了实现自我别无他求。但是如果你爱而又不得不有所求，那就请期望： 将自己融化并像奔流的溪水一般向夜晚吟唱自己优美的曲调。 明了过多的温柔所带来的苦痛。 被自己对爱的理解所伤害; 并情愿快乐地悲伤。 在黎明带着轻快的心醒来并感谢又一个有家的日子; 在黄昏怀着感恩之心回家; 然后为内心所爱之人祈祷，吟唱赞美之歌，并带着祷告和歌声入眠。
末末很烦躁
美文助读式教学的模式,是一种高效率的实用的教学模式。所谓美文,就是发表在报刊上的关于某篇课文的精美的赏析性短文或者教师自己撰写的此类文章。我整理了初一短篇英语美文，欢迎阅读!
Women in Colonial North America
The status of women in colonial North America has been well studied and described and can bebriefly summarized. Throughout the colonial period there was a marked shortage of women,which varied with the regions and was always greatest in the frontier areas. This favorableratio enhanced women's status and position and allowed them to pursue different careers.
The Puritans, the religious sect that dominated the early british colonies in North America,regarded idleness as a sin, and believed that life in an underdeveloped country made itabsolutely necessary that each member of the community perform an economic function.
Thus work for women, married or single, was not only approved, it was regarded as a civic duty.Puritan town councils expected idows and unattached women to be self supporting and for along time provided needy spinsters with parcels of land. There was no social sanction againstmarried women working; on the contrary, wives were expected to help their husbands in theirtrade and won social approval for doing extra work in or out of the home. Needy children, girlsas well as boys, were indentured or apprenticed and were expected to work for their keep.
The vast majority of women worked within their homes, where their labor produced mostarticles needed for the family. The entire colonial production of cloth and clothing and partiallythat of shoes was in the hands of women. In addition to these occupations, women werefound in many different kinds of employment. They were butchers, silversmiths, gunsmiths andupholsterers. They ran mills, plantations, tanyards, shipyards, and every kind of shop, tavern,and boardinghouse. They were gatekeepers, jail keepers, sextons, journalists, printers,apothecaries, midwives, nurses, and teachers.
北美殖民时期的妇女
北美殖民时期女性的社会地位曾得到过深入研究和描述，并可简短概括。 整个殖民时期，女性人数明显不足，各地情况不尽相同，在边远地区尤其缺少。 这种对女性有利的比例提高了她们的社会地位和职位，使她们能追求不同的事业。 清教徒是早期英属殖民地的宗教主流。 它视懒惰为犯罪，认为在不发达农村社区的每一个成员都必须发挥经济作用。 所以已婚或单身女性工作不仅是许可的，而且被认为是公民的义务。 清教徒的镇议会认为寡妇和未婚女性也应该自食其力，而且在相当长一段时期里，向贫困的老而未婚的女子提供土地。 社会不反对已婚妇女工作;相反，要求她们帮助丈夫从事他们的行当。在家庭内外做额外劳动的妻子们会得到社会的赞同。贫困的儿童，女孩和男孩一样，也要签师徒契约做学徒，想保住这个生计就要工作。 绝大多数女性在家庭里劳动，生产大部分家用必需品。 殖民时期全部的布料和衣服以及一部分的鞋都出自女性的双手。 除了从事这些职业，妇女也从事许多不同类型的职业，如做屠夫、铁匠、军械工和家俱修理工。 她们经营手工作坊、种植园、制革场、造船厂和各类商店、小旅馆和供膳寄宿处。 她们当守门人或狱卒，教堂司事、记者、印刷工、药剂师、助产士、护士和教师。
The Definition of "Price"
Prices determine how resources are to be used. They are also the means by which productsand services that are in limited supply are rationed among buyers. The price system of theUnited States is a complex network composed of the prices of all the products bought andsold in the economy as well as those of a myriad of services, including labor, professional,transportation, and public-utility services. The interrelationships of all these prices make upthe "system" of prices. The price of any particular product or service is linked to a broad,complicated system of prices in which everything seems to depend more or less uponeverything else. If one were to ask a group of randomly selected individuals to define "price",many would reply that price is an amount of money paid by the buyer to the seller of a productor service or, in other words, that price is the money value of a product or service as agreedupon in a market transaction. This definition is, of course, valid as far as it goes. For acomplete understanding of a price in any particular transaction, much more than the amountof money involved must be known. Both the buyer and the seller should be familiar with notonly the money amount, but with the amount and quality of the product or service to beexchanged, the time and place at which the exchange will take place and payment will bemade, the form of money to be used, the credit terms and discounts that apply to thetransaction, guarantees on the product or service, delivery terms, return privileges, and otherfactors. In other words, both buyer and seller should be fully aware of all the factors thatcomprise the total "package" being exchanged for the asked-for amount of money in order thatthey may evaluate a given price.
The Beginning of Drama
There are many theories about the beginning of drama in ancient Greece. The one most widelyaccepted today is based on the assumption that drama evolved from ritual. The argument forthis view goes as follows. In the beginning, human beings viewed the natural forces of the world- even the seasonal changes - as unpredictable, and they sought through various means tocontrol these unknown and feared powers. Those measures which appeared to bring thedesired results were then retained and repeated until they hardened into fixed rituals. Eventuallystories arose which explained or veiled the mysteries of the rites. As time passed some ritualswere abandoned, but the stories, later called myths, persisted and provided material for art anddrama.
Those who believe that drama evolved out of ritual also argue that those rites contained theseed of theater because music, dance, masks, and costumes were almost always used.Furthermore, a suitable site had to be provided for performances and when the entirecommunity did not participate, a clear division was usually made between the "acting area"and the "auditorium." In addition, there were performers, and, since considerable importancewas attached to avoiding mistakes in the enactment of rites, religious leaders usually assumedthat task. Wearing masks and costumes, they often impersonated other people, animals, orsupernatural beings, and mimed the desired effect -- success in hunt or battle, the comingrain, the revival of the Sun -- as an actor might. Eventually such dramatic representations wereseparated from religious activities.
Another theory traces the theater's origin from the human interest in storytelling. According tothis view tales (about the hunt, war, or other feats) are gradually elaborated, at first throughthe use of impersonation, action, and dialogue by a narrator and then through theassumption of each of the roles by a different person. A closely related theory traces theaterto those dances that are primarily rhythmical and gymnastic or that are imitations of animalmovements and sounds.
戏剧的起源
关于古希腊戏剧的起源存在着多种理论，其中一个最普遍为人接受的理论假设认为戏剧从仪式演化而来。 这个观点是这样进行论证的：一开始，人类把世界上的自然力量，甚至季节的变化都看成是不可预料的。 他们试图通过各种方式去控制这些未知的、令人恐惧的力量。 那些似乎带来了满意结果的手段就被保留下来并且重复直到这些手段固化为不变的仪式，最后产生了能够解释或者掩盖这些仪式神秘性的故事。 随着时间的推移，一些仪式被废弃了，但这些后来被称作神话的故事流传下来并且为艺术和戏剧提供了素材。
认为戏剧从仪式演化而来的人们还认为那些仪式包含了戏剧的基本因素，因为音乐、舞蹈、面具和服装几乎经常被使用，而且，必须为演出提供一个合适的地点;如果不是整个社区共同参加演出，经常在"演出区"和"观众席"之间划分出明显的分界。 另外，仪式中还有演员，而且宗教领袖通常承担演出任务，因为在仪式的执行中避免错误的发生被认为有相当大的重要性;他们经常带着面具，穿着服装象演员那样扮演其它人、动物或超自然的生灵，用动作来表演以达到所需要的效果，比如打猎的成功或战斗的胜利、将至的雨、太阳的复活。 最后这些戏剧性的表演从宗教活动中分离了出来。 另一个追溯戏剧起源的理论认为它来自人们对叙述故事的兴趣。 根据这个观点，故事(关于狩猎、战争或者其它伟绩)是逐渐丰富起来的。 首先通过一个讲解人来运用模仿、表演和对话，然后再由不同的人扮演各自的角色;另一个与之紧密相关的理论将戏剧的起源追溯至舞蹈，这些舞蹈大体上是有节奏感的和体操式的那一类，或者是对动物动作和声音的模仿。
