管束英文

1、动词性质不同

refrain为［不及物动词］。

restrain为［及物动词］。

2、侧重点不同

refrain常指暂时对某种行动或冲动的抑制。

restrain含义广，常指用强力或权力去阻止或限制某人做某事。

词语辨析：

bridle, check, curb, inhibit, restrain这组词都有“阻止、抑制、制止”的意思，其区别是：

bridle 指抑制住强烈的感情或欲望。

check 多指阻止前进或继续发展。

curb可指急剧或果断的制止，也可指用严格的方法加以控制。

inhibit 主要指抑制愿望、情绪或念头，也指制止某物的蔓延。

restrain 含义广，指用强力或权力去阻止或限制某人做某事。

以下词汇供参考：accountability=负有责任adiabatic process=绝热过程adiabatic wall=绝热壁aerodynamics=空气动力学aeronautical=航空学的be wary of=提防、唯恐bond=保证书，担保boundary layer=边界层buoyancy=浮力budget=预算bill of quantities=工程量表civil engineer=土木工程师closed system=闭口系统compressibility=压缩性complementary=补充的、互补的commitment=承担义务、许诺cope with=对付，妥善处理conver=兑换counter-offer=还价comply with=照做，遵守conditions of contract=合同条件cyclically=周期地cyclic process=循环过程depend on=依...而定diathermal wall=透热壁dissipative=损耗效应drawings=图纸elastic body=弹性体eletromagnetic wave=电磁波enthalpy=焓entropy creation in universe=孤立系统的熵增extensive properties=量性参数，广延量参数externally reversible=外部可逆enter into=缔结far-flung=广泛的free of charge=免费gradient=梯度hydraulics=水力学hydrodynamics=流体动力学hydrology=水文学hydrostatics=流体静力学impermeable=不可渗透的increasing function=递增函数intensive properties=度性参数，强度参数internally reversible=内部可逆initial=草签inviscid=无粘性的instruction to tenders=投标者须知isobaric process=等压过程isolated=孤立的joint venture=联营体legion=大批的，大量的letter of intent 意向书marcroscopic=宏观的mechanical equilibrium=机械平衡，力平衡open system=开口系统obligation=义务，责任photons=光子postulate=假定prevail over=胜过优于prequalification=资格预审quasi-static process=准静态过程reversible process=可逆过程rigid wall=刚性壁shut off=停止、切断specialize=列举，专门研究stipulation=规定、条款surroundings=外界specification=规范thermodynamic equilibrium=热力平衡thermal equilibrium=热平衡tendering procedure=招标程序the tender=投标书thermal radiation=热辐射viscous=粘性的workmanship=工艺，工作质量air heater=空气预热器air preheater coil=暖风器air tight=气密性alignment=定位aluminum-silicates=硅酸铝anchor=支座，固定anhydrous ammonia=无水氨snthracite=无烟煤ash fusion temperature=灰熔融温度atomized=雾化attemperater=减温器、调温器austenitic=奥氏体钢auxiliary=辅助的，辅机availability=可用性、可用率axis=轴bagasse=甘蔗渣bare tube=光管bark=树皮beam=梁，横梁biomass material=生物质bituminous=烟煤blade=叶片blast furnace=高炉blowdown=排污boiler=锅炉bottom water seal=炉底水封Btu/h=英热单位/小时bulk=大块的burner=燃烧器burner zone=燃烧器区域butane=丁烷capacity=出力，功率carbon steel=碳钢cerium=铈chlorine=氯chromium=铬circulation method=循环方式coal gasifier=煤气化器（炉）cogenerator=热电联产机组combustion=燃烧commissioning=试运行、试车compressor=压缩机condenser=凝汽器containment=安全壳，反应堆convection=对流convection pass=对流烟道coolant=冷却剂，载热体coordinator=坐标、定位corten=低合金耐腐蚀钢counterflow=逆流creep strength=蠕变强度criterion=标准critical pressure=临界压力crossflow=交叉流，横向冲刷crude oil=原油culm=煤屑cycle efficiency=循环效率cyclone furnace=旋风炉debris=有机残余物，残骸decane=葵烷decay=分解deposited=沉积，沉淀的deslagging=除渣，清渣deterioration=恶化diesel oil=柴油differential=差别，微分distillate=馏出物distortion=变形，扭曲division wall=分隔墙，双面水冷壁down comer=下降管drainage=疏水，排水设备drum=汽包，锅筒dwell time=保压时间，保留时间economizer=省煤器embrittlement=脆化，脆性equalisation=均衡，平衡erosive=侵蚀的，磨蚀的ethane=乙烷evaluate=评价，评估evaporator=蒸发evaporator tube=蒸发面excess air=过量空气extended surface=扩展受热面fatigue=疲劳feedwater=给水ferrite铁素体fin=鳍片，肋片，散热片firing method=燃烧方式fixed carbon=固定碳flange=法兰，突缘flue gas=烟气fluid bed=流化床forced draft fan=送风机fouling=污垢，灰污furnace=炉膛furnace exit gas temperature=炉膛出口烟温furnace rear wall=炉膛后墙gas cylinder=气压缸hydraulic cylinder=液压缸gas turbine=燃气轮机gauge=表（压）generator=发电机geological=地质的girth=环形govern=控制，调节gravity=重力grinding balls and rollers=球磨与磨辊grinding rings and tablers 磨环与磨盘header=联箱，集箱heat recovery steam generator=余热锅炉heat recovery surface=余热回收受热面helical=螺旋状的helium=氦heterogeneous=不均匀的helically-finnd tube=螺旋肋片管hopper=斗，料斗higher heating value=高位发热量husk=壳，外皮hydraulic=水力的，液压的hydrocarbon=碳氢化合物ignite=点火ignition temperature=着火温度implosion=内爆impurity=杂质independent power producer=独立发电商（IPP）induced draft fan=引风机industrial steam generator（boiler）=工业锅炉inert=惰性inferior=低级的，劣质的ingredients=成分ingress=进入，入口in-line=顺列in-line arrangement=顺列布置inorganic=无机的ion=离子jurisdiction=权限lattice=晶格结构lb/h=磅/小时lbf/in2=英制压力单位，磅/平方英寸leakage air=漏风lean gas=贫气lignite=褐煤liquefaction=液化locally expensive fuels=当地廉价燃料longitudinally-finned tube=鳍片管low alloy=低合金钢low NOx burner=低氮氧化物燃烧器main load fuel=主燃料maintenance staff=维修（检修）人员manifold=联箱，集箱margin=裕量，安全系数matrix=矩阵membrane wall=膜式壁methane=甲烷mill=磨煤机milling plant=制粉间modification=改造mositure=水份molecule=分子molten=熔化，熔铸motor=发电机，电动机municipal solid waste=城市固体废物nitric oxide=氧化氮nonpressure=非承压的nontoxic=无毒的organisms=有机体oxidation=氧化peat=泥煤，泥炭pendants superheat platen=悬吊屏式过热器pentane=戊烷petrochemical=石油化工制品petroleum=石油制品plasma spray coating=等离子喷涂platen=屏，管屏polymer=聚合物pore=气孔，小孔porosity=多孔的potassium=钾Prandtl numbers=普朗特数perfabricated=预制的premium fuel=优质燃料pressure loss=压力损失pressure parts=承压部件pressurizd mill system=正压制粉系统primary air=一次风primary air fan=一次风机projected life=设计寿命propane=丙烷prototype=样机，示范proximate analysis=工业分析psi=英制压力单位，磅/平方英寸pulp=纸浆pulverized coal=煤粉pulverizer rejects=磨煤机排出的石子煤pyrite=黄铁矿pyrites=硫化铁矿radius=半径，范围rank=煤种Ranking cycle=朗肯循环rare earth element=稀土元素recuperator=间壁式换热器regenerator=回热器，蓄热器regulate=控制，调节reheater=再热器reliability=可靠性repercussions=反应reservoirs=储气罐residual fuel oil=残渣油resonant=共振，谐振retrace=缩回，缩近Reynolds numbers=雷诺数rigid=辊子roof tubes=顶棚管scaffolding=脚手架scale=水垢，结垢seal=密封sealing air=密封风sedimentary=沉积，沉淀的serpentine tube=蛇形管，螺旋管shale=页岩silica=二氧化硅silt=淤泥single-phase=单相skin casing=外护板slag=结渣，造渣slurry=煤泥浆，灰浆sodium=钠solvents=溶剂，溶媒sootblower=吹灰器sour gas=含硫气specification=规则，规范stable ignition=稳定着火staggered arrangement=错列布置Stanton numbers=斯坦顿数staurated=饱和的steam condition=蒸汽参数steam generating bank=对流蒸发管束straw=稻草steam line blowing=蒸汽管路吹扫stems=茎，干stress corrosion=应力腐蚀structural formula=结构式stud=双头螺栓subbituminous=次烟煤，贫煤suction=真空，负压suction mill system=负压制粉系统suction pressure=负压sulphur=硫superheater=过热器superheater platen=屏式过热器surfaces=受热面swamp=沼泽sweet gas=无硫气switchgear=配电装置，开关装置temperature-entropy diagram=温度-熵图tempering air system=（制粉系统）调温风系统tenacious=黏的thermal NOx=热力NOx，温度型NOxthermodynamic=热力学的tube bank=管排tube bundles=管束tube butt welds=管接头焊口tube spacing=管节距tubular=管状的turbine=汽轮机ultimate analysis=元素分析unburned carbon=未燃碳unit size=机组容量unitized boiler and turbine=单元制锅炉汽机utility=供电公司utility steam generator=电站锅炉velocity=速度vertical spidle mill=立轴磨煤机，中速磨vessel=容器，器皿viscosity=黏度volatile matter=挥发份volumetric expansion=体膨胀vulnerable=易损的，薄弱的waste heat=余热，废热wear=磨损weld=焊接wet ash pit=（炉膛底部的）湿渣池wingwall=屏式凝渣管yield=屈服yttrium=钇access=通道，入口admiralty brass=海军铜aluminium brass=铝黄铜annex=附属建筑物，附件，附录aspect ratio=相对高度assembly=组件，装配，装配图attachment=连接，附属设备，附件back pressure=背压baffle=挡板，隔板，导流板balance piston=平衡活塞bearing box=轴承箱bellows=膜合，波纹筒blade=叶片，刀片bled=被抽出的蒸汽blower=送风机，增压器，吹灰器bolting=螺栓连接bore=孔，钻眼，通道boundary layer=边界层，附面层brittle fracture=脆性断裂built-up blade=组合式叶片built-up rotor=套装转子carrier ring=持环case=壳，罩，箱，盒，机身casing=套管，外壳，箱，汽缸cast=铸，铸造，铸件cast-in blade=铸造叶片chimney=烟囱，烟道chord=弦，弦长；翼长compressor=压气机，压缩机computer-aided design=计算机辅助设计convergent-divergent type nozzle=缩放式喷嘴cooling tower=冷却水塔couping=连接，联轴节，连接法兰coverband=围带crane=起重机，吊车，虹吸器creep=蠕变，塑性变形critical speed=临界转速cross compound=汽轮机（双轴的）cylinder=圆筒，汽缸debris=有机物残渣，矸石deflrector=导向器detail=零件，零件图diaphragm=隔板，回转隔板diode=二极管dismantling=拆除，拆卸，拆开double-shell casing=双层缸drum typr rotor=鼓形转子ductility=粘性，延展性，韧性dynamic balance=动平衡elastic arch banding=弹性拱形围带electric power=电能，电功率excitation=励磁，扰动，磁动势exhaust=排汽，排出fabrication=装配fastening=连系，固紧，固定，紧固件fatigue cracking=疲劳断裂feed water=给水finger-shaped pinned fixing=叉形叶根fitting=装配，安装fixed blade=固定叶片，导向叶片flange=法兰flange warming steam=法兰加热蒸汽flexible coupling=扰性联轴器flexible rotor=扰性转子flue gas=烟气forging=锻件，模锻，锻造fracture=断裂，裂纹，断裂fracture appearance transition temperature=脆性转变温度full admission=全周进汽gland housing=轴封腔室grid=格栅，电网governor valve=调速阀head=汽包封头，扬程，水头heat transmission=传热hoop=环，套，圈impeller=叶轮，推进器，压缩机impulse=冲量，冲击，冲动，推动impulse tuebine=冲动式汽轮机incidence angle=入射角inlet belt=入口区域inner casing=内缸integral rotor=整锻转子inter-shell=缸间jig=夹具，模具，钻模journal=轴颈，支耳key=键，销lacing wire=拉金large turbine-gennerator unit=大型汽轮发电机组liquid-ring type air pump=水环式真空泵Mach number=马赫数markeup=补给，补充，补足monobloc rotor=整锻转子monolithic=单一的，整体的moving blade=动叶片，工作叶片nest=窝，组，一套non-destructive testing（NDT）=无损检验nozzle=喷嘴，喷管，注口，短管nozzle box=喷嘴室nozzle governing=喷嘴调节numerically-controlled machine=数控机床offset=补偿，抵消，偏移，漂移on-site=现场operational speed=运行速度outer casing=外缸out-of-balance weight=不平衡重量overlap=重叠，互搭，搭接部分pannier condenser=（布置在汽轮机侧面）背蓝式凝汽器partial admission=部分进汽pedestals=支架，轴架，支座penetrations=穿透，渗透penultimate stage=次末级pitch=节距，螺距，坡度，斜度purge=清洗，吹洗，纯化，净化quench=淬火，骤冷rating=额定值，功率，等级reaction=反应，反作用，反馈reaction machine=反动式汽轮机recuperation=间壁换热regenerative=回热的resonance=共振，谐振，共鸣rigid coupling=刚性联轴器rigid totor=刚性转子rim=边缘，轮缘，齿环rivet=铆钉，铆接robust=坚固的，硬的root=根部，叶根rotor=转子rupture=断裂，破裂s。w。g=钢丝线规semiflexible coupling=半扰性联轴器shaft=轴，竖井，烟囱shell=外壳，护套，轴瓦shoudler=肩，突肩，台肩shrink fit=冷缩配合，热套配合shrink-on disc rotor=套装转子shrouding=抱箍，围带覆环skirt=环，套筒，活塞导向部分sleeve=套，套筒，套管，空心轴，轴套slot=槽，隙，缝，沟solid coupling=刚性联轴器stage=级，阶段，程度，周期start-up=启动static balance=静平衡steam bending stress=蒸汽弯曲应力straigght or curved fir-tree root=直或弯的枞树形叶根stress concentration=应力集中strength=强度stub shaft=端轴，短轴symmetrical=对称的tandem=单轴的tapping=出口，抽头temper=回火，硬度tenon=叶片铆钉头thermal=热的，热力的throttle governing=节流调节thrust=推力，轴向推力tip seal=叶顶密封toughness=韧度，韧性，耐久性turbine=汽轮机，涡轮，透平turning vanes=导向器twisted moving blade=扭叶片two-shift operation 两班制运行velocity-compounded stage=复速级velocity triangle=速度三角形ventilation=通风，通风量，通风设备wake=尾流，尾迹welded disc rotor=焊接转子wheel=轮，齿轮，转动

双音词，基本含义为用强力管束并处罚，英文为sanction。在古文中也有剪裁的式样、文章的体裁之意。在现代政治学的意义中，制裁指针对某一国所采取的强制行动。现代意义上的制裁基本有两种形式：一是个别国家或国家集体实施的强制性措施；二是国际组织（首先是联合国）组织实施的强制性措施。基本方式有：禁运；中断外交关系和人员往来；减少或中止贷款、贸易及援助等。这些方式基本上都是非武装性的，现代国际社会普遍反对采取武力制裁。

太多了 多看看美剧 跟咱们流行词汇不断更新一样 他们的也在不断增加Aapple-polisher 马屁精例如：She is a real apple-polisher for the way she's crawling around the bossand making eyes at him.她是一个马屁精，整天围着老板眉来眼去的。as busy as a bee （象蜜蜂）忙忙碌碌的 as graceful as a swan （象天鹅）姿态优雅的 as gentle as a lamb （象羊羔）性情温顺的 as cunning as a fox （象狐狸）一样狡猾的 as poor as a church mouse 一贫如洗 BI'm beat. 我非常疲乏。beat gums 空洞无物、废话连篇的讲话bell the cat 为众人的利益承担风险black sheep 害群之马Buddy, where is john？ 要上厕所?Bungee jumping 蹦极跳Stop bugging me, man! 喂，别烦我了。Cblue collar 蓝领white collar 白领pink collar 粉领族（指和蓝领体力工人相当的女性工人）gold-collar workers 金领族（一般都有一技之长，对公司工作的方方面面都十分了解，甚至对公司的利润大小和收益都有直接的重要影响。他们的工作环境优雅，职业体面，有着丰厚的收入和稳固的经济地位）Ddog-eared books 读得卷了边的书dog sleep 不时惊醒的睡眠dog-tired 像狗一样的累 dog watch 夜班old dog 上了岁数的人、老手a sly dog 偷鸡摸狗者a yellow dog 杂种狗、卑鄙可耻的小人 a big dog 看门狗、保镖；要人You're a lucky dog! 你真是个幸运儿！ hot dog 热狗dog nose 啤酒与杜松子酒的混合酒a dog in a blanket 葡萄卷饼或卷布丁as faithful as a dog 像狗一般的忠诚，在西方文化中，狗是"忠实、卖力、辛劳"的化身， He that lies down with dogs must rise up with flea. 近朱者赤，近墨者黑A good dog deserves a good bone. 西方人论功行赏时常说"好狗应有好骨头" a a dog in the manger 占着马槽（不拉屎） Honey, I forget to duck. 亲爱的，我忘记闪开了。Eeat crow 由于夸大其词或过分自信，最后不得不承认错误。eat his words 食言out at elbows 捉襟见肘elbow one's way 用胳膊肘挤来挤去为自己开道get a black eye 被别人打青了眼睛mind your eye 叫别人当心blink our eyes 眨眼睛flash our eyes at sth. 瞟一眼make eyes 抛媚眼cast sheep's eye 暗送秋波You have an eye for something. 有眼光有见解finely arched eyebrows 纤细的弓形眉pencil the eyebrows 描眉eyebrow pencil 眉笔rough bushy eyebrows 浓密的粗眉 eyelash grower 睫毛膏eyelash curler 卷睫毛器without turning an eyelash 泰然自若，不动声色not bat an eyelid 没合眼睡觉 not bat an eyelid 对事情泰然自若hang on by the eyelids 事情危在旦夕Fface the music 不得不接受惩罚、承担后果，必须承受出现的局面a matter of face 面子攸关的事情lose face 丢面子例如：He knew he was wrong, but he would not admit it for fear of losing face. 他知道自己错了，但却不肯承认错误，因为怕失去面子。save one's face 挽回面子pull a long face 拉长了脸make a face at you 对你做个鬼脸have the face 厚颜无耻例如：I'm so surprised that you have the face to do so! 你怎么有脸做出这样的事！cold fish 态度冷冰冰，没有热情的人。drink like a fish 牛饮 flats 平跟鞋footfall 客流量例如：We strive to show booksellers what we are doing to support them anddrive footfall into their stores. 我们要努力向图书商展示我们将如何支持他们，并使更多的客人进入他们的商店。 Ggreen eyed 嫉妒green finger（thumb）?把大伙干不好的活都干得漂漂亮亮例如：A person with green finger has a magic touch that makes plants grow well and quickly. 长着绿手指的人是有魔法的，只要他一碰，植物就长的又快又好。 green hand 生手例如： I'm still green at my job.我依然是个新手。green light 允许、许可例如： I'm only waiting for the green light from you. 我在等您的允许。green revolution 绿色革命 例如：These developing countries produced enough food to serve their people after green revolution. 绿色革命后，这些发展中国家就生产出足够的粮食来满足国民的需要。the green years 青春年华HHe is ripe in years but green in heart. 形容某人是老当益壮lose your heart to someone 和某人谈恋爱 lack heart 缺乏勇气win your heart 赢得你的心broken heart 破碎的心heart of stone 石头心肠pour out your heart 倾吐你的心事have a heart 可怜可怜你 his heart in the right place 他的心肠是很好的not to wear your heart on your sleeve 不要太情绪化Don't take the failure to your heart. 别为失败而难过lose heart 失去信心your heart of gold 金子般的心，美好心灵write a letter to her and declare your heart. 写信表达爱慕之情Don't let your heart get cold. 不要让你的热情冷却下来a man after her own heart 正和她心意的人put your heart at rest 放下心来straight from the horse's mouth 来自权威和可靠的消息。

Refrain和restrain 都有抑制、控制不让做某事的意思。Refrain为不及物动词，后面要加上from。Refrain from 不再做某事，后面紧跟的宾语为“一个行动，而不是一个人”。例句：You must refrain from smoking too much. 你必须克制不要抽这么多烟。You must refrain from speculation. 你必须克制不要再投机了。Restrain是指停止或者防止某人做某事。Restrain是个可及物动词，后面可以跟人和事作为它的宾语。例句：You must restrain him from making any foolish remarks. 你必须阻止他做出任何愚蠢的评论。Try to restrain (=to control) your anger, will you? 尽量克制你的愤怒，可以吗？

control/guard/restrain