孑子孓COMIC
The Louvre, in its successive architectural metamorphoses, has dominated central Paris since the late 12th century. Built on the city's western edge, the original structure was gradually engulfed as the city grew. The dark fortress of the early days was transformed into the modernized dwelling of François I and, later, the sumptuous palace of the Sun King, Louis XIV. Here we explore the history of this extraordinary edifice and of the museum that has occupied it since 1793. The Louvre: A Rich Past, An Ambitious Future "Open to all since 1793": From the outset, the Louvre has embodied the concept of a truly "universal" institution. Universal in the scope of its collections, it is also universal in its appeal to some 6 million visitors every year: a 21st-century museum rooted in 200 years of innovation. The Mission of a Great Museum The principle responsibility of the Louvre is to conserve, protect, restore, and develop France's national art treasures, from the early royal collections to the most recent acquisitions. In carrying out this task, the museum’s scientific and academic staff displays steadfast commitment and universally recognized professionalism.The priceless artworks housed in the Louvre are held for the benefit of present and future generations. Hence the vital importance of the museum's mission to make these works available to the greatest number of people possible, from France and all over the world. To do this, it is our job to ensure that every visitor enjoys the best facilities possible. But it is also essential to promote cultural access: to do as much as we can to help each visitor to approach, understand, and enjoy the works they have come to see. With this in mind, we are committed to extend the range of information available at the Louvre in languages other than French, to further develop the museum's wide range of educational resources and activities, and to make our buildings and collections more easily accessible—in every sense—to people with disabilities and to new audiences. A National and International Presence The Musée du Louvre and its associated institutions (the Musée Eugène Delacroix and the Tuileries gardens) work hard to provide the best possible service for our visitors. We are also increasingly involved in efforts to encourage access for people who might feel—for whatever reason—that museums are "not for them."In France, the organization of traveling exhibitions and loans are central to this initiative. Another important project is the plan for a regional branch of the Louvre in the town of Lens, in the Nord-Pas de Calais region (scheduled for 2008). The museum's northern branch will feature innovative displays of works from the national collections, including its own semi-permanent collection, and an ambitious program of temporary exhibitions.The Louvre’s role as an international center for cultural heritage is, I believe, equally important. The museum loans works to over one hundred institutions worldwide every year. In addition, the Louvre has encouraged the creation of the American Friends of the Louvre and the Grand Louvre au Japon: two bodies working to support the museum and promote its activities to their respective publics. The Louvre has also formed innovative partnerships with “emerging” museums abroad, such as Atlanta's High Museum of Art in the United States. In the Middle East, we are actively involved in important archaeological excavations. A 21st-Century Museum The cut-off point for the Louvre's collection is 1848—a crucial year in French and world history—but the museum is by no means an institution of the past. Since 1989, when the Grand Louvre project doubled our gallery space, we have continued to forge ahead with new plans and ideas.We have developed an innovative and highly effective Web site, a veritable "virtual museum" to complement the palace building and its collections.We have extended a whole-hearted welcome to contemporary art, with temporary exhibitions, and a program of events and installations throughout the museum, facilitating the essential dialogue between the "Old Masters" and living artists.Finally, the Louvre continues to develop and refurbish new spaces, drawing on the latest concepts in architecture, museum design, and museum-based education. In particular, this involves the new Department of Islamic Art (scheduled to open in January 2009), the Cour du Sphinx, and the 18th-century collection of the Department of Decorative Arts. The museum is actively seeking sponsors to help realize these ambitious plans.To implement and carry forward its many projects, the Louvre has modernized its management structure and secured a contractual agreement with the French Ministry of Culture and Communication ensuring autonomous control of its human and financial resources, on the condition that it attains the objectives of a public institution.This is the multifaceted museum—vast, yet intimate and open to all—that I invite you to discover.

王玉娜大王
The Louvre, in its successive architectural metamorphoses, has dominated central Paris since the late 12th century. Built on the city's western edge, the original structure was gradually engulfed as the city grew. The dark fortress of the early days was transformed into the modernized dwelling of François I and, later, the sumptuous palace of the Sun King, Louis XIV. Here we explore the history of this extraordinary edifice and of the museum that has occupied it since 1793. 更多:
奔向八年
一、中文简介
卢浮宫(法语:Musée du Louvre)位于法国巴黎市中心的塞纳河北岸,位居世界四大博物馆之首。
始建于1204年,原是法国的王宫,居住过50位法国国王和王后,是法国文艺复兴时期最珍贵的建筑物之一,以收藏丰富的古典绘画和雕刻而闻名于世。
现为卢浮宫博物馆,占地约198公顷,分新老两部分,宫前的金字塔形玻璃入口,占地面积为24公顷,是华人建筑大师贝聿铭设计的。1793年8月10日,卢浮宫艺术馆正式对外开放,成为一个博物馆。
卢浮宫已成为世界著名的艺术殿堂,最大的艺术宝库之一,是举世瞩目的万宝之宫。
二、英文简介
The Louvre, located on the North Bank of the Seine River in the centre of Paris, France, ranks first among the four major museums in the world. Founded in 1204.
it was originally a French palace. It has lived in 50 French kings and queens.
It is one of the most precious buildings in the French Renaissance. It is famous for its rich collection of classical paintings and sculptures.
Now the Louvre Museum covers an area of about 198 hectares. It is divided into old and new parts.
The pyramid glass entrance in front of the Museum covers an area of 24 hectares.
It was designed by the Chinese architect I. M. Pei. On August 10, 1793, the Louvre Museum of Art was officially opened to the public and became a museum.
The Louvre Palace has become the world's famous art palace, one of the largest art treasures, is the world-famous Marlboro Palace.
扩展资料:
卢浮宫始建于1204年,当时只是菲利普·奥古斯特二世皇宫的城堡。在十字军东征时期,为了保卫北岸的巴黎地区,菲利普二世于1204年在这里修建了一座通向塞纳河的城堡。
主要用于存放王室的档案和珍宝,同时也存放他的狗和战俘,当时就称为卢浮宫。查理五世时期,卢浮宫被作为皇宫,因而使它成为完全不同的一座建筑物了。
在以后的350年中,随着王室贵族们越来越高的寻欢作乐的要求,他们不断增建了华丽的楼塔和别致的房间。
然而在其后的整整150年间,卢浮宫却并无国王居住。16世纪中叶,弗朗西斯一世继承王位后,便把这座宫殿拆毁了。
他下令由建筑师皮尔·莱斯科在原来城堡的基础上重新建筑一座宫殿。弗朗西斯还请当时著名的画家为他画肖像,他崇拜意大利派的画家,购买了当时意大利最著名的画家法埃洛的绘画。
包括《蒙娜丽莎》等珍品。 弗兰西斯一世的儿子亨利二世即位后,把他父亲毁掉的部分重新建造起来。
亨利喜爱法国文艺复兴时期建筑艺术的装饰,对意大利式的建筑并不感兴趣。他沿袭了父亲的嗜好,但却没有他父亲一样的审美观。
亨利四世在位期间,他花了13年的功夫建造了卢浮宫最壮观的部分――大画廊。这是一个长达300米的华丽的走廊,走廊非常长,亨利在这里栽满了树木,还养了鸟和狗,甚至在走廊中骑着马追捕狐狸。
路易十四是法国历史上著名的国王,他被称为太阳王。他登基时只有5岁,在卢浮宫做 卢浮宫了72年的国王――法国历史上在位时间最长的国王。
路易十四把卢浮宫建成了正方形的庭院,并在庭院外面修建了富丽堂皇的画廊。他购买了欧洲各派的绘画,包括卡什代、伦勃朗等人的作品。
他一生迷恋艺术和建筑,致使法国的金库空虚。路易十六在位期间,爆发了著名的1789年大革命,在卢浮宫“竞技场”院子里建立了法国革命的第一个断头台。
1792年5月27日,国民议会宣布,卢浮宫将属于大众,成为公共博物馆。这种状况一直延续了6年,直到拿破仑一世搬进了卢浮宫。
拿破仑在这座建筑的外围修建了更多的房子,以前所未有的方式装饰卢浮宫,他把欧洲其他国家所能提供的最好的艺术品搬进了卢浮宫。
拿破仑不断地向外扩张,并称雄于欧洲,于是几千吨的艺术品从所有被征服的国家的殿堂、图书馆和天主教堂运到了巴黎。拿破仑将卢浮宫改名为拿破仑博物馆,巨大的长廊也布满了他掠夺来的艺术品。
在卢浮宫里,拿破仑的光彩持续了12年,一直到滑铁卢战役的惨败。对拿破仑来说,每一幅天才的作品都必须属于法国。这样的观点是德国人、意大利人、西班牙人和荷兰人所不能接受的。
拿破仑失势后,他们来到卢浮宫,约有5000件艺术品物归原主。但由于法国人的外交手段及法国人的说服力,仍然有许多他掠夺的艺术品被留在了卢浮宫。
拿破仑三世是一位野心勃勃的皇帝,他是卢浮宫建造以来所遇到的投资最多的“建筑人”,5年内的建筑比所有的前辈在700年内修建的还要多。
3个世纪以前想到的宏伟的设计图留给了拿破仑三世来完成,当它竣工后,卢浮宫变成了皇家庆祝活动的场所,富丽堂皇是拿破仑三世修建任何东西的特点。
这样,直到拿破仑三世时,卢浮宫整个宏伟建筑群才告以完成,前后将近600年。
参考资料来源:百度百科——卢浮宫
清砖淡瓦
我给你全文翻译了!给我加分!!谢谢!!!罗浮宫, 在它的连续建筑的使变形, 已经支配中央的巴黎自那以后 12 世纪底。 在城市的西方边缘上建造, 最初的结构逐渐地被卷入如城市成长。 早期的黑暗城堡被转换成弗兰的被现代化的住处?第一 ois 和,比较迟的,太阳国王,路易斯 XIV 的奢侈宫殿。这里我们探究这个非常的大厦历史和自从 1793 以后已经占领它的博物馆. 罗浮宫: 富有的过去, 野心勃勃的未来"自从 1793 以后打开到全部": 从着手,罗浮宫已经具体表达一真实地 "全世界的" 机构的观念。 全世界的在它收集的范围方面,它每年对约六百万个访客也是全世界的在它诉愿中: 在 200 年的改革方面生根的一个第 21 世纪的博物馆。 很棒的博物馆的任务罗浮宫的原则职责要保存,保护,回复,而且发展法国的国家艺术宝物,从早的王室收集到最近的获得。 在实行这一件工作方面,博物馆的科学和学院的职员显示坚定的承诺和全世界地公开的专业性。 无价的艺术品在罗浮宫收容为礼物的利益被拿着和未来世代。 博物馆的任务重要的重要由此而来使最好的人数可用的这些工厂可能,从法国和在全世界。 为了要做这, 它是我们的工作确定每个访客最好设备可能的。 但是促进文化的通路是也必要的: 尽我们所能地多做帮助每个访客接近,,而且他们已经来的工厂。 藉由思想的这,我们负责除了法国人之外在语言中扩充在罗浮宫得到的数据范围, 更进一步广阔地发展博物馆的教育资源和活动的范围, 和对伤残人士更容易制造我们的建筑物和收集在每感觉—中的可接近的—和对新的听众。 国民和国际的出现希腊字母第 12 字 é e du 罗浮宫和它的联合机构 (希腊字母第 12 字 é e Eug è 旧姓的 Delacroix 和 Tuileries 花园) 努力地工作为我们的访客提供最好的可能服务。在努力中我们也逐渐积极参与为可能不论甚么原因—博物馆是的—人鼓励通路 " 不是为他们." 在法国, 旅行的组织展览和贷款对这率先是中央的。 另外的重要计画是关于透镜的城镇罗浮宫的一个地方的部门计划, 在 Nord- Pas de Calais 区域中.( 预定为 2008) 博物馆的北方部门将会以来自国家的收集工厂的创新展览为特色, 包括它自己的半- 长备的收集 , 和暂时的展览一个野心勃勃的计画。 罗浮宫的角色如国际的中心是为文化的遗产,我相信,相等重要。 对超过一百个机构的博物馆贷款工厂全世界的每年。 除此之外,罗浮宫已经鼓励罗浮宫和那壮观的罗浮宫 au Japon 的美国朋友的创造: 二个尸体工作对他们的分别民众支援博物馆而且促进它的活动。 罗浮宫也已经在国外形成创新的 "初现的" 博物馆的合伙, 像是在美国的艺术亚特兰大的高博物馆。 在中东,我们积极地是积极参与的在重要的考古学的挖掘中。 一个第 21 世纪的博物馆切- 远的点在法国语和世界历史—中为罗浮宫的收集是每决定性的年 1848 —,但是博物馆是藉着没有方法过去的一个机构。 自从 1989 以后,当壮观的罗浮宫计画在那时候两倍了我们的回廊空间,我们已经继续依照新的计划和主意稳步前进的时候。 我们已经发展一个创新的和高度地有效的网站,一个真实的虚拟博物馆补助宫殿建筑物和它的收集。 我们已经延长对同时代的艺术一个全部心的欢迎,在博物馆各处藉由暂时的展览 , 和事件和安装的一个计画,促进在老主人和活的艺术家之间的必要对话。 最后,罗浮宫发展而且再磨光新的空间,在建筑学,博物馆设计和博物馆中利用最近的观念-建立教育。 特别地,这包括回教的艺术 (在 2009 年一月预定打开) 的新部门, Cour du 史芬克斯和装饰的艺术部的第 18 世纪的收集。 博物馆正在积极地寻求赞助者帮助这些野心勃勃的计划。 为了要向前地实现而且携带它的许多计画,罗浮宫已经现代化它的管理结构而且巩固了与文化和沟通的法国部的契约协议确定它的人类和财政的资源自治的控制,在它达到公众的机构目的的情况上。 这是多有小面的博物馆—巨大的, 然而亲密的和开着的到我邀请你发现的所有—。 回答者:安德烈咕 - 魔法学徒一级 2-19 23:06--------------------------------------------------------------------------------城堡在附近被建造 1190 如在河岸上的一个要塞, 而且在 1370个这一个城堡中在 1527 年在查尔斯国王 V. 的命令上转换成一个宫殿这被毁和文艺复兴设计为第一法兰西斯被计画,在亨利 2 的执政期间完成. 进一步的发展直到在 1667 年,183 公尺长的东方正面被建造。 这是巴洛克风格- 古典的运动首先主要的工作。 在 1678个王室住宅中移到 Versaille 而且 Palais du 罗浮宫变成一个画廊。 Lourve 在 1803 年变成 "博物馆拿破仑" ,而且进一步的工作向前被完成懊悔 Rivoli 。 在拿破仑 3 世的执政, Tuileries 和罗浮宫宫殿的时候被联编而且进一步的庭院完成。 在 1980 年代中,第一美籍华裔建筑师。M Pei 设计了主要的庭院驰名的 pryamid 。这一个领引为回廊的主要翅膀进入新的中央循环之内隔开和如一个视觉的中心为巨大的伸开手脚而坐外部指出。 除了回廊之外,有宫殿的许多壮观的接待房间。 拿破仑 3 世也有了他的州公寓这里, 对公众开放。 参考资料: http:// france.archiseek.com/pari/louvre/index.html回答者: emehn- 见习魔法师三级 2-19 23:14--------------------------------------------------------------------------------卢浮宫藏品丰富,件件称得上是艺术珍宝,为历代帝王以及宫廷艺术家等所重视这些藏品分门别类,由专门的部门管理。卢浮宫内还有许多藏品目录和小册子,向游人作介绍。随着藏品的增多,其“领地”也不断扩张……。罗浮宫博物馆的收集被七个 curator 的部门管理。埃及的古物部在 1826 年被形成学习而且显示在埃及的拿破仑的活动期间被使到回复法国的物体。 东方诸国的古物部以它的 Mesopotamian 和回教的艺术收集着名。 其他的部门包括希腊人,罗马人和 Etruria 人古物; Objets d'art( 包括法国的王冠珠宝); 和图画和版。 *管理:在这里是 "掌管" , " 料理" , "管理" 的意思。*curator 的: curator 的原形是馆长,意思是"博物馆,展览馆的馆主"。*古老: "古人","古物" 的意思。被许多学者世界的最重要的考虑画部,包括一些千各种不同的欧洲学校的工厂。 从中世纪到早的 19 世纪的它法国画范围的巨大收集。 自从 1986 以后,然而,法国印象主义者和 postimpressionists 的工厂, 从 1848 约会到 1914 的多数而且在毗连的到罗浮宫的音乐 du Jeu Paume(网球场博物馆) 中从前收容,已经被包含在曳网河的左边岸上的音乐 d'Orsay 的收集中。 *印象主义者:我们都知道印象有 "印象" 的意思, impressionnist 由此引申而来,表示 "印象派画家或作家" 。博物馆出版目录和说明书。 除此之外,它出版讽刺时事的滑稽剧 de 罗浮宫, 包含在新的获得上的文章,而且提供关于博物馆计画的资讯和在其他的法国博物馆上。 *说明书: "小册子" , "印成小册子的论文" 卢浮宫本身是一个博物馆,里面有藏品目录以及介绍性的小册子,包括新近艺术品简介, 博物馆计画(博物馆建设计划)和其它博物馆的信息。在 1993只 Richelieu 翅膀中被法国的总统 Mitterrand 打开了。 罗浮宫宫殿的北方翅膀,被财政部从前占领,被腾出而且转换成展览区域。这自从 1981 以后结束了进步的第二阶段的一个计画那包括了被美国建筑师 I.M. Pei ,一个礼堂设计的玻璃杯金字塔入口的附加, 回廊为暂时的展览,在罗浮宫的历史,中古的罗浮宫,餐馆,商店和停车设备的壕沟上显示。 *腾出: "空出" , " 撤离" 的意思卢浮宫的北侧翼原本是由财政部使用的,后来腾出来变成了展览区。。*逐步运行: "阶段" , "时期" 的意思。回答者: raysun007- 经理四级 2-19 23:14
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卢浮宫藏品丰富,件件称得上是艺术珍宝,为历代帝王以及宫廷艺术家等所重视。这些藏品分门别类,由专门的部门管理。卢浮宫内还有许多藏品目录和小册子,向游人作介绍。随着藏品的增多,其“领地”也不断扩张…… Louvre The collections of the museum are administered by seven curatorial departments. The Department of Egyptian Antiquities was formed in 1826 to study and display the objects brought back to France during Napoleon's campaign in Egypt. The Department of Oriental Antiquities is famed for its collections of Mesopotamian and Islamic art. Other departments include Greek, Roman, and Etruscan antiquities; Objets d'art (including the crown jewels of France); and Drawings and Prints. * administer:在这里是“掌管”、“料理”、“管理”的意思。 * curatorial:curatorial的原形是curator,意思是“博物馆、展览馆的馆主”。 * antiquity:“古人”、“古物”的意思。 The Department of Paintings, considered by many scholars the most important in the world, includes several thousand works of the various European schools. Its enormous collection of French paintings ranges from the Middle Ages to the early 19th century. Since 1986, however, works of the French impressionists and postimpressionists, many dating from 1848 to 1914 and formerly housed in the Music du Jeu Paume (Tennis Court Museum) adjacent to the Louvre, have been included in the collection of the Music d'Orsay on the left bank of the Seine River. * impressionist:我们都知道impression有“印象”的意思,impressionnist由此引申而来,表示“印象派画家或作家”。 The museum publishes catalogs and brochures. In addition, it publishes the Revue de Louvre, which contains articles on new acquisitions and provides information on museum projects and on other French museums. * brochure:“小册子”、“印成小册子的论文”。卢浮宫本身是一个博物馆,里面有藏品目录以及介绍性的小册子,包括新近艺术品简介、museum projects(博物馆建设计划)和其它博物馆的信息 In 1993 the Richelieu Wing was opened by President Mitterrand of France. The north wing of the Louvre Palace, formerly occupied by the Ministry of Finance, was vacated and transformed into exhibition areas. This ended the second phase of a project in progress since 1981 that included the addition of the glass pyramid entrance designed by American architect I.M. Pei, an auditorium, galleries for temporary exhibitions, displays on the history of the Louvre, moats of the medieval Louvre, restaurants, shops, and parking facilities. * vacate:“空出”、“撤离”的意思。卢浮宫的北侧翼原本是由财政部使用的,后来腾出来变成了展览区。 * phase:“阶段”、“时期”的意思。
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卢浮宫是法国最大的王宫建筑之一, 位于首都巴黎塞纳河畔、巴黎歌剧院广场南侧。
The Louvre is one of the largest royal palace buildings in France, located on the south side of the Opera Square in Paris, on the banks of the Seine.
早在1546年,法王弗朗索瓦一世决定在原城堡的基础上建造新的王宫。
As early as 1546, François I decided to build a new royal palace on the basis of the original castle.
此后经过9位君主不断扩建,历时300余年,形成一座呈U字形的宏伟辉煌的宫殿建筑群。
After that, the nine monarchs continued to expand, which lasted more than 300 years, forming a magnificent U-shaped palace complex.
卢浮宫东立面是欧洲古典主义时期建筑的代表作品。
The east facade of the Louvre is a representative work of European classicism.
据统计,卢浮宫博物馆包括庭院在内占地19公顷,自东向西横卧在塞纳河的右岸,两侧的长度均为690米。
According to statistics, the Louvre Museum covers an area of 19 hectares including the courtyard. It lie on the right bank of the Seine from east to west. The lengths on both sides are 690 meters.
用来展示珍品的数百个宽敞的大厅富丽堂皇,大厅的四壁及顶部都有精美的壁画及精细的浮雕。
The hundreds of spacious halls used to showcase the treasures are magnificent, with fine murals and fine reliefs on the walls and top of the hall.
卢浮宫东立面全长约172m,高28m。
The main façade of the Louvre is about 172m long and 28m high.
上下照一个完整的柱式分作三部分:底层是基座,中段是两层高的巨柱式柱子,再上面是檐部和女儿墙。
It is divided into three parts according to a complete column: the bottom is the pedestal, the middle section is the two-story pillar, and the upper part is the crotch and the parapet wall. .
主体是由双柱形成的空柱廊。中央和两端各有凸出部分,将里面分为五段。
The main body is an empty colonnade formed by double columns. There are protruding parts at the center and at both ends, and the inside is divided into five sections.
两端的凸出部分用壁柱装饰,而中央部分用椅柱,有山花,因而主轴线很明确。
The convex portions at both ends are decorated with wall columns, while the central portion has a chair column with mountain flowers, so the main axis is clear.
立面前有一道护壕保卫着,在大门前架着桥。
There was a guard in front of the guard, and a bridge was placed in front of the gate.
横向展开的立面,左右分5段,上下分3段,都以中央一段为主的立面构图。
The laterally unfolded façade is divided into 5 sections on the left and right, and 3 sections on the upper and lower sides.
法国传统的高坡屋顶被意大利式的平屋顶代替了,卢浮宫东立面在高高的基座上开小小的门洞供人出入。
The traditional French high-sloping roof was replaced by an Italian-style flat roof, and the east facade of the Louvre opened a small doorway on the high pedestal for people to enter and exit.
还有大量希腊、罗马、埃及及东方的古董和法国、意大利的远古遗物,陈列面积5.5万平方米。
There are also a large number of antiques from Greece, Rome, Egypt and the East, and ancient relics from France and Italy, with an exhibition area of 55,000 square meters.
卢浮宫正门入口处的透明金字塔建筑是美籍华裔建筑师贝聿铭的杰作。
The transparent pyramid building at the entrance to the main entrance of the Louvre is a masterpiece of Chinese-American architect Pei Ming.
扩展资料:
卢浮宫开放时间及门票价格
1、开放时间:09:00到18:00。星期三到星期五时,到21:45才会结束。每周二休息,此外,1月1日、5月1日、8月15日、12月25日等公共假日也不对外开放。
因为工作人员的有限,卢浮宫的展厅在一周内的开放时间各不相同。
2、门票:全日制门票,12欧元/人(除临时展览外);星期三和星期五晚上(18:00到21:45)门票6欧元/人(除临时展览外);临时展览门票,11欧元/人。
联票(包括临时展览和永久陈列),14欧元/人;星期三和星期五晚上(18:00到21:45)的联票11欧元/人(包括临时展览和永久陈列)。
未满18岁的游客、残疾人、教授艺术的老师、领救济少于6个月的失业者进入卢浮宫免票;年龄在26岁以下的欧盟经济区青年及持有“教育学院通票”的教师可免费参观星期五晚上(18:00到21:45)。欧盟经济体成员国成员免票。
每个月的第一个周末对所有游客免门票。
注:从2009年6月起,法国政府规定,国内博物馆全面对26岁以下持有欧盟学生证的学生免费开放。
参考资料来源:百度百科-卢浮宫
阳澄湖边
法国巴黎是世界文明的艺术之都,它不仅以秀丽的风景吸引着来自世界各地的人,更以其光彩夺目的艺术明珠另人心往神迷。这颗明珠就是Louvre,卢浮宫-举世瞩目的艺术宝库…… Louvre, national art museum of France and the palace in which it is housed, is located in Paris, on the Right Bank of the Seine River. The structure, until 1682 a residence of the kings of France, is one of the largest palaces in the world. It occupies the site of a 13th-century fortress. The building of the Louvre was begun in 1546 in the reign of Francis I, according to the plans of the French architect Pierre Lescot. Additions were made to the structure during the reigns of almost every subsequent French monarch. * fortress:“堡垒”、“阵地”等意思。卢浮宫建造于13世纪的一个堡垒的旧址之上。 * reign:“统治时期”。卢浮宫是于1546年弗郎西斯一世在位时开始修建的。 * subsequent:“随后的”、“后来的”等意思。 * monarch:“君主”、“帝王”。据法国建筑师Pierre Lescot的修建计划所载,Francis I以后的每一位法国君主都对卢浮宫进行了增建。 Under Henry IV, in the early 17th century, the Grand Galerrie, now the main picture gallery, which borders the Seine, was completed. Under Napoleon III a wing on the north side was finished. By the mid-19th century the vast complex was completed; covering more than 48 acres, it is a masterpiece of architectural design and sculptural adornment. * Grand Galerrie:卢浮宫著名的大画廊。 * wing:本义是“翅膀”,这里指“建筑物的侧翼”。 * complex:“错综的”、“复杂的”等意思。这里是名词用法,表示“结构复杂的建筑物”。 * adornment:“装饰”、“装饰物”的意思。卢浮宫结构复杂,占地面积广,经过几个世纪才修建完毕。因而,它既是建筑设计领域的杰出作品,又是雕刻装饰领域的大手笔。 The nucleus of the Louvre collections is the group of Italian Renaissance paintings among them several by Leonardo da Vinci owned by Francis I, a collector and patron of note. The holdings were significantly enriched by acquisitions made for the monarchy by Cardinal Richelieu and by Cardinal Mazarin, who was instrumental in purchasing works that had belonged to Charles I of England. * nucleus:nucleus有很多意思,我们熟知的是表示“原子核”、“细胞核”等。本文里,nucleus则是“核心”、“中心”的意思。Italian Renaissance(意大利文艺复兴)时的绘画是整个卢浮宫藏品的核心部分。 * patron of note:patron是“赞助人”的意思,note在这里表示“钞票”。Patron of note就是“资金赞助者”了。 * acquisition:是“获得物”的意思。许多本来供奉君王的艺术品大大丰富了卢浮宫的收藏。 * instrumental:instrument除了表示“乐器外”,还表示“傀儡”、“受利用的工具”的意思。本文的instrumental就是“有帮助”、“有作用”的意思。 Napoleon deposited in the Louvre the paintings and works of art seized during his European conquests; after his downfall, however, many of these works were restored to their original owners. Since that time increasing numbers of gifts, purchases, and finds brought back from archaeological expeditions have permanently enriched the museum. Among its greatest treasures are two of the most famous sculptures of the ancien
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