彩色珊瑚
我国是世界上自然灾害种类最多的国家,其中对我国影响最大的自然灾害有七大类。1、气象灾害 meteorological disaster气象灾害有20余种,主要有以下种类:(1)暴雨torrential rain:山洪暴发(flash flood)(2)雨涝waterlogging(3)干旱drought(4)干热风dry and hot wind(5)高温high temperature、热浪:酷暑高温、人体疾病、灼伤、作物逼熟;(6)热带气旋tropical cyclone(7)冷害cold damage:由于强降温和气温低造成作物、牲畜、果树受害;(8)冻害freeze injury:霜冻,作物、牲畜冻害,水管、油管冻坏;(9)冻雨freezing rain:电线、树枝、路面结冰;(10)结冰freeze:河面、湖面、海面封冻,雨雪后路面结冰;(11)雪害snow damage:暴风雪、积雪;(12)雹害hail damage:毁坏庄稼、破坏房屋;(13)风害wind damage:倒树、倒房、翻车、翻船;(14)龙卷风tornado:局部毁灭性灾害;(15)雷电thunder and light:雷击伤亡;(16)连阴雨cloudy-rainy weather for severaldays:对作物生长发育不利、粮食霉变等;(17)浓雾smoke fog:人体疾病、交通受阻;(18)低空风切变low level wind shear:(飞机)航空失事aircrush;(19)酸雨acid rain:作物等受害。2、海洋灾害Marine Disaster海洋灾害Marine Disaster主要有如下种类:(1)风暴潮storm surge:包括台风风暴潮、温带风暴潮;(2)海啸seismic sea wave:分遥海啸与本地海啸2种;(3)海浪sea wave:包括风浪、涌浪和近岸浪3种,就其成因而言又分台风浪、气旋浪;(4)海水seawater;(5)赤潮red tide;(6)海岸带灾害 coastal disasters:如海岸侵蚀、滑坡、土地盐碱化、海水污染等;(7)厄尔尼诺的危害。El Nino phenomenon damage3、洪水灾害flood damage(1)暴雨灾害Torrential Rain and Disasters(2)山洪mountain torrents(3)融雪洪水snowmelt flood(4)冰凌洪水Ice flood(5)溃坝洪水dam bursting flood(6)泥石流debris flow4、地震灾害earthquake disaster(1)构造地震tectonic earthquake(2)陷落地震depressive earthquake(3)矿山地震mining seismicity (4)水库地震reservoir-induced earthquake5、农作物生物灾害crop biological disasters(1)农作物病害crop disease:主要有水稻病害240多种,小麦病害50种,玉米病害40多种,棉花病害cotton disease 40多种及大豆、花生、麻类等多种病害;(2)农作物虫害Crop pests disease ;主要有水稻虫害252种,水麦虫害100多种,玉米虫害52种,棉花虫害300多种,及其它各种作物的多种虫害;(3)农作物草害agricultural crop cinfest:约8000多种;(4)鼠害rodent。6、森林生物灾害Forest biological disasters(1)森林病害forest diseases:2918种;(2)森林虫害damage by forest-insects:5020种;(3)森林鼠害 forest rodent damage :160余种。7、森林火灾forest fire
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